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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
poverty n. household n.
homeless adj. charity n.
freeway n. inhabitant n.
tourism n. vast adj.
entertainment n.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．income n． 收入
2．human n. (与动物等对比的)人
3．measure vt. 测定；测量；评估
4．goal n. 目标
5．position n. 位置
6．figure n. 数字
7．smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的
8．exchange n. 交换
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的
2．develop v．发展→development n．发展→developing adj.发展中的→ developed adj.发达的
3．educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育
4．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
5．similar adj.相似的→similarity n．类似；相似→similarly adv.相似地
6．fortune n．运气；财富→unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
7．locate vt.使坐落于→location n．位置；所在地→__located adj.位于
8．transport n．交通工具→transportation n．交通；运输
9．industry n．工业→industrial adj.工业的
10．pollute v．污染→polluted adj.受到污染的→ pollution n．污染
1.后缀less形容词大观园
①homeless 无家可归的
②hopeless 无望的
③breathless 气喘吁吁的
④endless 无休止的
⑤countless 数不清的
⑥sleepless 不眠的
2.trans开头高频词全接触
①transport 交通工具
②transportation 运输
③transplant 移植
④transfer 运送
⑤transform 改造
⑥transmit 传输
3.ed结尾形容词荟萃
①crowded 拥挤的
②polluted 受到污染的
③skilled 熟练的
④experienced 有经验的
⑤talented/gifted 有才能的
⑥limited 有限的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．up__to 到达；直到；由……决定
2．at__the__top__of 在……顶端
3．at__the__bottom__of 在……底部
4．make__efforts 努力
5．make__progress 取得进步
6．be__connected__with 与……有联系；与……有关
7．be__close__to 接近；靠近
8．take__measures 采取措施
9．in__particular 尤其；特别
1.top/bottom相关短语个个清
①at the top/bottom of 在……顶端/底部
②on (the) top of 在……上方
③from top to bottom 从上到下
④at bottom 实际上；本质上
⑤from the bottom of one’s heart 从某人心底
2.“be＋adj.＋to(介词)”短语万花筒
①be close to 接近；靠近
②be equal to 等于；胜任
③be familiar to 为……所熟悉
④be open to 对……开放
⑤be opposite to 与……相反
⑥be similar to 与……相似
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：while用作并列连词
Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。
句型2：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do
However, in other regions of the world, e．g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly__safe__to__drink．
然而，在世界的其他地区，比如东欧，现在水大多喝起来很安全。
句型3：be of＋抽象名词
It’s an agreement between towns or cities of__similar__size__and__age ...
这是大小和历史相似的城镇或城市之间的一份协议……
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．In my opinion, people on high incomes(收入) should pay more taxes.
2．I shook hands and exchanged(交换) a few words with the manager after the meeting.
3．These figures(数字) show an increase of over one million in unemployment this year.
4．The scheme has been set up to help homeless(无家可归的) people.
5．I am looking for a position(职位) where my research and writing skills can be used.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．The government will take measures(measure) to help college graduates to find jobs in the coming year.
7．One of her goals(goal) is to get the first place in the coming examination.
8．The Hope Project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty(poor)．
9．Some students use their cellphone mostly as a tool of entertainment(entertain)．
10．What are the main differences and similarities(similar) between them?
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 测量
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. 目标
3．(江苏卷) When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. 观点；态度；立场
4. (2019·北京卷) Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. 运送
Ⅲ.选词成篇
at the top of; make progress; make efforts; in particular; as a result
In the beginning, I was poor in my studies, math 1.in__particular. However, encouraged by my teacher, I 2.made__efforts to catch up with others, and 3.made__progress little by little. 4.As__a__result,__I was 5.at__the__top__of the exam list in the final exam, which made me overjoyed.
up to; make sure; be connected with; be/get close to; such as
Generally speaking, health problems, 6.such__as overweight, 7.are__connected__with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. To 8.make__sure we are in good health, we should eat healthily and 9.be/get__close__to nature. In some ways, it’s 10.up__to us to decide whether we are healthy or not.
Ⅳ.完成语段
Some students are shy and nervous when meeting foreigners 1.while__some__are__confident(而有些学生很自信). They are easygoing and 2.easy__to__get__along__with(很容易相处). Personally speaking, being confident is 3.of__great__importance(很重要).
measure n．尺寸；大小；措施 vt.测量；测定；评估；有……长(或宽、高等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达) It’s high time that we should__take/took__measures__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted(采取措施防止空气污染)．
④(高级表达) It’s high time that measures__should__be__taken/were__taken__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted．(被动语态)
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸订
做……
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[词块助记]
take effective measures 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 测量仪器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判断阅读理解力的好方法
figure n．数字；图形；人物；身材；人影 v．计算；想；估计；认为
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. vt.认为
②(2017·江苏卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. n．数字
③(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.__n．人物
④(福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.__n．身材
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) It is difficult to__figure__out(弄明白) a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
(1)keep one’s figure 保持体形
(2)figure out 想出；理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 期待，指望，依赖
figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围
figure that 认为，认定
[佳句背诵]
I couldn’t figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She figured that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 我弄不明白她是怎样保持身材的。她认为锻炼是最好的减肥方法。
[词块助记]
a slim figure 苗条的身材
a key figure 一个关键人物
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
check up the figure 核对一下这个数字
a public/a leading/an authority figure
一个公众/领军/权威人物
up to 达到，直到；到……为止；由……决定；忙于；胜任；长达；多达
[一词多义]——写出下列句中up to的含义
①California condors are North America’s largest birds, with winglength of up to 3 meters.长达；多达
②We all agree that he is up to the position.胜任
③What are you up to recently, Bob? I have not seen you for ages.忙于；做
④They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.直到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤生活只给我们时间和空间，如何去填充它由我们决定。
Life just gives us time and space. It’s__up__to__us__to__decide how to fill it.
⑥你是否胜任这份工作取决于你自己。我希望你不要辜负你父母的期望。
It’s__up__to__you whether you are up__to__the__job or not. I hope you can live up to your parents’ expectations.
It is up to you. 随你的便/由你来决定。
It’s up to sb.to do sth. 应由某人做某事。
[佳句背诵] The Story of the Stone has up to 60 translated versions in 23 different languages, which are the best resources for translation study of Chinese language and culture.
《红楼梦》已经被翻译成23种不同语言， 多达60个版本， 是汉语语言文化翻译研究的最佳资源。
[名师点津] (1)up to意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后面可接名词、代词或动名词。
(2)up to now常与现在完成时连用。
make efforts 努力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to__take(take) the center stage.
b．(江苏卷)More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to__accelerate(accelerate) the supplyside structural reform.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It is with great effort that our teachers and students have produced the short film.
[能力提升]——词汇升级/完成句子
③(普通表达)We must try our best to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything easily.
(高级表达) We must make__efforts/spare__no__effort to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything without__effort．
④(2018·浙江卷11月)为了找回我丢失的钱包，我只得向你求助。
In__an__effort__to recover my missing wallet, I have nothing to do but turn to you for help.
(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort (to do sth.) 不遗余力(地做某事)
(2)with effort 努力地，艰难地
without effort 容易地，不费力地
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
by/through one’s efforts 通过某人的努力
[佳句背诵] No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by/through their own efforts. 任何人都不是天生的赢家。人们通过自己的努力才会赢。(2018·天津卷)
[名师点津] “尽一切努力做某事”的表达还有：try/do one’s best to do sth.; do all that sb.can to do sth.; do what sb.can to do sth.。
while用作并列连词
(教材原句)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, but rice has increased only 7 percent.but→while
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While we were working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019·北京卷)
(高级表达) On the farm, we helped pick watermelons.__While__working,__I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(状语从句的省略)
(1)while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”，用来连接两个并列分句；
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词；
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，从句往往位于主句之前；
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。
[名师点津] (1)while还可用作名词，意为“(一段)时间”。常见短语：after a while 过了一会儿；in a short while 一会儿以后；once in a while 偶尔，间或。
(2)while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；当同一个主语时应用but，不用while表示转折。
be of＋抽象名词
(教材原句)It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
这是大小和历史相似的城镇和城市之间的协议，它们有相似的特点，如旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐等。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅰ) The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students.
②Now I am very happy in the new school because I have a lot of good friends of an age.
③The discovery of the new drug is of great importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(高级表达)This reference book is of__no__use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，用来描述人或事物的特征，此结构在句中可作表语或定语；
(2)“be of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰；
(3)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，这类名词有size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，shape，way, quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。如果后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an，则这个冠词相当于the same。
[佳句背诵] As we all know, having a balanced diet is of great benefit to us.
众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(四川卷)In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to__deal(deal) with.
2．Now many parents choose to get their children educated(educate) at home rather than at school.
3．My father warned me against going to Beijing during National Day because it was__crowded(crowd) with tourists.
4．(江西卷)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to__help(help) himself?
5．A group discussion in class provides a chance for children to__exchange(exchange) their ideas.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．We are in a difficult position in that we have nobody properly qualified for this work.
2．I have no idea whether the book is of great help to your English study.
3．This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.
4．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
5．I have trouble understanding English humour. More often than not, I can’t figure out what it is that makes them laugh.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The two pictures are similar and it’s easy to find many similarities between them.Similarly,__you can also find some differences.(similar)
2．With the development of economy, people’s lives are becoming better and better.However, China is different from America, which is a__developed country.China is still a developing country.Therefore, we should study hard to make our country more powerful.(develop)
3．It was unfortunate to be caught in the rain.Even unfortunately,__we couldn’t find anyone to help us.At last we tried our fortune to find a shortcut.Fortunately,__we arrived home before dark.So we were also fortunate．(fortune)
4．The river in my hometown has been polluted by the waste from some local factories.The polluted water has destroyed the crops and caused many diseases, so the public are strongly calling on the government to stop the factories polluting the water and take measures to deal with the pollution．(pollute)
维度四 易错混用
1．Reading is a good habit. Stick to it and you’ll make a great progress.删除第二个a
2．The aim of the project is to clean up the polluting land as soon as possible.polluting→polluted
3．When standing at top of the hill, you will be amazed at the beautiful scenery of the city.在第一个at后加the
4．(湖北卷)The government has taken measure to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.measure→measures
5．This company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in particularly appeals to the young.particularly→particular
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Nearly all of the world’s undernourished people live in 1.developing(develop) countries. With little or no income, although they are 2.hungry(hunger) for a happy life, up to 10% of the people living in this city now get close 3.to poverty. The government is taking 4.measures(measure) to change their life. Firstly, all the children should 5.be__educated(educate). This is because they are in a position 6.where they should learn knowledge. Secondly, the government make efforts 7.to__improve(improve) the development of local economy greatly so far. Developing the tourism in 8.particular(particularly) is of great 9.importance(important). We figure that with the 10.development(develop) of economy, all the people there will live a happy life soon.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，请按以下要点写一篇短文：比较无锡和青岛两座城市。
无锡
位于太湖北部，气候温和，交通中心，工业城市，致力于改善环境
青岛
现代化城市，交通便利，致力于改善环境
1.补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①无锡和青岛，有相似的特点，它们都是成功发展的例子。
Wuxi and Qingdao have__similar__features,__both of which are examples of successful development.
②无锡位于太湖的北部，气候温和，降雨量丰富。
Wuxi lies__on__the__north__of Lake Taihu, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall.
③无锡不仅是一个重要的交通中心，而且是一个重要的工业城市。
Wuxi is an important transportation__centre as well as an important__industrial__city．
④相似的是，青岛是一个现代化的城市，交通便利，适合居住。
Similarly,__Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is__pleasant__to__live__in．
⑤两个城市都在采取措施改善环境，并努力使居民们过上更快乐的生活。
Both cities are not only taking__measures__to__improve the environment but also are making__efforts__to__help inhabitants live a happier life.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用完全倒装句升级句②
On__the__north__of__Lake__Taihu__lies__Wuxi,__a__city__with__a__mild__climate__and__abundant__rainfall.
⑦用倒装句升级句⑤
Not__only__are__both__cities__taking__measures__to__improve__the__environment__but__also__they__are__making__efforts__to__help__inhabitants__live__a__happier__life.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Wuxi and Qingdao have similar features, both of which are examples of successful development.
On the north of Lake Taihu lies Wuxi, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Wuxi is an important transportation centre as well as an important industrial city. Similarly, Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is pleasant to live in.
Not only are both cities taking measures to improve the environment but also they are making efforts to help inhabitants live a happier life.
(建议用时：35分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·江西三校联考)The cost of living in countries like the U．S., Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed(飞涨) in recent years. However, if you’re willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.
Ecuador
Ecuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the U．S. dollar for their currency. In this country, it’s cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the U．S. You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.
Mexico
Although the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, it’s not very expensive to live there. A decent sized home can cost around $139，000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.
Vietnam
Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25，000 to $50，000 if you search in the right areas.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了四个生活成本低的宜居国家。
1．How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year?
A．About $7，000. B．About $8，000.
C．About $8，400. D．About $9，800.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.”，并结合题干可知，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费：$700*12＝$8，400，故选C。
2．What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common?
A．They both have great restaurants.
B．The cost of living in them is both expensive.
C．The middlesized homes both cost around $139，000.
D．People are all fond of travelling to the two countries.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years.”和第五段第一句“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years.”可知，这两个国家都受到旅游者的热捧，故选D。
3．In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left?
A．Ecuador. B．Mexico.
C．Argentina. D．Vietnam.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.”可推知，在厄瓜多尔雇人看房子是要付费的，与题干吻和，故选A。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer__into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。
4．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand. B．Stare at.
C．Search for. D．Concern about.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。
5．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。
6．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·沈阳教学质量监测一)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．D 解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．E 解析：结合本段小标题Don’t force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．G 解析：根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉很糟糕，故选G。
4．F 解析：根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州第二次调研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解题导语】 研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted 解析：考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。
2．by 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。
4．The 解析：考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。
5．needed 解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。
6．staying 解析：考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。
7．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．simply 解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply修饰其后的形容词different。
9．problems 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，并且喜欢深夜全神贯注地来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。
10．to get 解析：考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
poverty n. household n.
homeless adj. charity n.
freeway n. inhabitant n.
tourism n. vast adj.
entertainment n.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．income n． 收入
2．human n. (与动物等对比的)人
3．measure vt. 测定；测量；评估
4．goal n. 目标
5．position n. 位置
6．figure n. 数字
7．smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的
8．exchange n. 交换
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的
2．develop v．发展→development n．发展→developing adj.发展中的→ developed adj.发达的
3．educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育
4．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
5．similar adj.相似的→similarity n．类似；相似→similarly adv.相似地
6．fortune n．运气；财富→unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
7．locate vt.使坐落于→location n．位置；所在地→__located adj.位于
8．transport n．交通工具→transportation n．交通；运输
9．industry n．工业→industrial adj.工业的
10．pollute v．污染→polluted adj.受到污染的→ pollution n．污染
1.后缀less形容词大观园
①homeless 无家可归的
②hopeless 无望的
③breathless 气喘吁吁的
④endless 无休止的
⑤countless 数不清的
⑥sleepless 不眠的
2.trans开头高频词全接触
①transport 交通工具
②transportation 运输
③transplant 移植
④transfer 运送
⑤transform 改造
⑥transmit 传输
3.ed结尾形容词荟萃
①crowded 拥挤的
②polluted 受到污染的
③skilled 熟练的
④experienced 有经验的
⑤talented/gifted 有才能的
⑥limited 有限的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．up__to 到达；直到；由……决定
2．at__the__top__of 在……顶端
3．at__the__bottom__of 在……底部
4．make__efforts 努力
5．make__progress 取得进步
6．be__connected__with 与……有联系；与……有关
7．be__close__to 接近；靠近
8．take__measures 采取措施
9．in__particular 尤其；特别
1.top/bottom相关短语个个清
①at the top/bottom of 在……顶端/底部
②on (the) top of 在……上方
③from top to bottom 从上到下
④at bottom 实际上；本质上
⑤from the bottom of one’s heart 从某人心底
2.“be＋adj.＋to(介词)”短语万花筒
①be close to 接近；靠近
②be equal to 等于；胜任
③be familiar to 为……所熟悉
④be open to 对……开放
⑤be opposite to 与……相反
⑥be similar to 与……相似
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：while用作并列连词
Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。
句型2：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do
However, in other regions of the world, e．g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly__safe__to__drink．
然而，在世界的其他地区，比如东欧，现在水大多喝起来很安全。
句型3：be of＋抽象名词
It’s an agreement between towns or cities of__similar__size__and__age ...
这是大小和历史相似的城镇或城市之间的一份协议……
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．In my opinion, people on high incomes(收入) should pay more taxes.
2．I shook hands and exchanged(交换) a few words with the manager after the meeting.
3．These figures(数字) show an increase of over one million in unemployment this year.
4．The scheme has been set up to help homeless(无家可归的) people.
5．I am looking for a position(职位) where my research and writing skills can be used.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．The government will take measures(measure) to help college graduates to find jobs in the coming year.
7．One of her goals(goal) is to get the first place in the coming examination.
8．The Hope Project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty(poor)．
9．Some students use their cellphone mostly as a tool of entertainment(entertain)．
10．What are the main differences and similarities(similar) between them?
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 测量
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. 目标
3．(江苏卷) When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. 观点；态度；立场
4. (2019·北京卷) Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. 运送
Ⅲ.选词成篇
at the top of; make progress; make efforts; in particular; as a result
In the beginning, I was poor in my studies, math 1.in__particular. However, encouraged by my teacher, I 2.made__efforts to catch up with others, and 3.made__progress little by little. 4.As__a__result,__I was 5.at__the__top__of the exam list in the final exam, which made me overjoyed.
up to; make sure; be connected with; be/get close to; such as
Generally speaking, health problems, 6.such__as overweight, 7.are__connected__with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. To 8.make__sure we are in good health, we should eat healthily and 9.be/get__close__to nature. In some ways, it’s 10.up__to us to decide whether we are healthy or not.
Ⅳ.完成语段
Some students are shy and nervous when meeting foreigners 1.while__some__are__confident(而有些学生很自信). They are easygoing and 2.easy__to__get__along__with(很容易相处). Personally speaking, being confident is 3.of__great__importance(很重要).
measure n．尺寸；大小；措施 vt.测量；测定；评估；有……长(或宽、高等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达) It’s high time that we should__take/took__measures__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted(采取措施防止空气污染)．
④(高级表达) It’s high time that measures__should__be__taken/were__taken__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted．(被动语态)
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸订
做……
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[词块助记]
take effective measures 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 测量仪器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判断阅读理解力的好方法
figure n．数字；图形；人物；身材；人影 v．计算；想；估计；认为
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. vt.认为
②(2017·江苏卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. n．数字
③(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.__n．人物
④(福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.__n．身材
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) It is difficult to__figure__out(弄明白) a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
(1)keep one’s figure 保持体形
(2)figure out 想出；理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 期待，指望，依赖
figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围
figure that 认为，认定
[佳句背诵]
I couldn’t figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She figured that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 我弄不明白她是怎样保持身材的。她认为锻炼是最好的减肥方法。
[词块助记]
a slim figure 苗条的身材
a key figure 一个关键人物
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
check up the figure 核对一下这个数字
a public/a leading/an authority figure
一个公众/领军/权威人物
up to 达到，直到；到……为止；由……决定；忙于；胜任；长达；多达
[一词多义]——写出下列句中up to的含义
①California condors are North America’s largest birds, with winglength of up to 3 meters.长达；多达
②We all agree that he is up to the position.胜任
③What are you up to recently, Bob? I have not seen you for ages.忙于；做
④They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.直到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤生活只给我们时间和空间，如何去填充它由我们决定。
Life just gives us time and space. It’s__up__to__us__to__decide how to fill it.
⑥你是否胜任这份工作取决于你自己。我希望你不要辜负你父母的期望。
It’s__up__to__you whether you are up__to__the__job or not. I hope you can live up to your parents’ expectations.
It is up to you. 随你的便/由你来决定。
It’s up to sb.to do sth. 应由某人做某事。
[佳句背诵] The Story of the Stone has up to 60 translated versions in 23 different languages, which are the best resources for translation study of Chinese language and culture.
《红楼梦》已经被翻译成23种不同语言， 多达60个版本， 是汉语语言文化翻译研究的最佳资源。
[名师点津] (1)up to意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后面可接名词、代词或动名词。
(2)up to now常与现在完成时连用。
make efforts 努力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to__take(take) the center stage.
b．(江苏卷)More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to__accelerate(accelerate) the supplyside structural reform.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It is with great effort that our teachers and students have produced the short film.
[能力提升]——词汇升级/完成句子
③(普通表达)We must try our best to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything easily.
(高级表达) We must make__efforts/spare__no__effort to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything without__effort．
④(2018·浙江卷11月)为了找回我丢失的钱包，我只得向你求助。
In__an__effort__to recover my missing wallet, I have nothing to do but turn to you for help.
(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort (to do sth.) 不遗余力(地做某事)
(2)with effort 努力地，艰难地
without effort 容易地，不费力地
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
by/through one’s efforts 通过某人的努力
[佳句背诵] No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by/through their own efforts. 任何人都不是天生的赢家。人们通过自己的努力才会赢。(2018·天津卷)
[名师点津] “尽一切努力做某事”的表达还有：try/do one’s best to do sth.; do all that sb.can to do sth.; do what sb.can to do sth.。
while用作并列连词
(教材原句)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, but rice has increased only 7 percent.but→while
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While we were working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019·北京卷)
(高级表达) On the farm, we helped pick watermelons.__While__working,__I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(状语从句的省略)
(1)while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”，用来连接两个并列分句；
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词；
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，从句往往位于主句之前；
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。
[名师点津] (1)while还可用作名词，意为“(一段)时间”。常见短语：after a while 过了一会儿；in a short while 一会儿以后；once in a while 偶尔，间或。
(2)while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；当同一个主语时应用but，不用while表示转折。
be of＋抽象名词
(教材原句)It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
这是大小和历史相似的城镇和城市之间的协议，它们有相似的特点，如旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐等。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅰ) The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students.
②Now I am very happy in the new school because I have a lot of good friends of an age.
③The discovery of the new drug is of great importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(高级表达)This reference book is of__no__use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，用来描述人或事物的特征，此结构在句中可作表语或定语；
(2)“be of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰；
(3)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，这类名词有size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，shape，way, quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。如果后面的名词前有不定冠词a/an，则这个冠词相当于the same。
[佳句背诵] As we all know, having a balanced diet is of great benefit to us.
众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(四川卷)In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to__deal(deal) with.
2．Now many parents choose to get their children educated(educate) at home rather than at school.
3．My father warned me against going to Beijing during National Day because it was__crowded(crowd) with tourists.
4．(江西卷)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to__help(help) himself?
5．A group discussion in class provides a chance for children to__exchange(exchange) their ideas.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．We are in a difficult position in that we have nobody properly qualified for this work.
2．I have no idea whether the book is of great help to your English study.
3．This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.
4．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
5．I have trouble understanding English humour. More often than not, I can’t figure out what it is that makes them laugh.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The two pictures are similar and it’s easy to find many similarities between them.Similarly,__you can also find some differences.(similar)
2．With the development of economy, people’s lives are becoming better and better.However, China is different from America, which is a__developed country.China is still a developing country.Therefore, we should study hard to make our country more powerful.(develop)
3．It was unfortunate to be caught in the rain.Even unfortunately,__we couldn’t find anyone to help us.At last we tried our fortune to find a shortcut.Fortunately,__we arrived home before dark.So we were also fortunate．(fortune)
4．The river in my hometown has been polluted by the waste from some local factories.The polluted water has destroyed the crops and caused many diseases, so the public are strongly calling on the government to stop the factories polluting the water and take measures to deal with the pollution．(pollute)
维度四 易错混用
1．Reading is a good habit. Stick to it and you’ll make a great progress.删除第二个a
2．The aim of the project is to clean up the polluting land as soon as possible.polluting→polluted
3．When standing at top of the hill, you will be amazed at the beautiful scenery of the city.在第一个at后加the
4．(湖北卷)The government has taken measure to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.measure→measures
5．This company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in particularly appeals to the young.particularly→particular
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Nearly all of the world’s undernourished people live in 1.developing(develop) countries. With little or no income, although they are 2.hungry(hunger) for a happy life, up to 10% of the people living in this city now get close 3.to poverty. The government is taking 4.measures(measure) to change their life. Firstly, all the children should 5.be__educated(educate). This is because they are in a position 6.where they should learn knowledge. Secondly, the government make efforts 7.to__improve(improve) the development of local economy greatly so far. Developing the tourism in 8.particular(particularly) is of great 9.importance(important). We figure that with the 10.development(develop) of economy, all the people there will live a happy life soon.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，请按以下要点写一篇短文：比较无锡和青岛两座城市。
无锡
位于太湖北部，气候温和，交通中心，工业城市，致力于改善环境
青岛
现代化城市，交通便利，致力于改善环境
1.补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①无锡和青岛，有相似的特点，它们都是成功发展的例子。
Wuxi and Qingdao have__similar__features,__both of which are examples of successful development.
②无锡位于太湖的北部，气候温和，降雨量丰富。
Wuxi lies__on__the__north__of Lake Taihu, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall.
③无锡不仅是一个重要的交通中心，而且是一个重要的工业城市。
Wuxi is an important transportation__centre as well as an important__industrial__city．
④相似的是，青岛是一个现代化的城市，交通便利，适合居住。
Similarly,__Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is__pleasant__to__live__in．
⑤两个城市都在采取措施改善环境，并努力使居民们过上更快乐的生活。
Both cities are not only taking__measures__to__improve the environment but also are making__efforts__to__help inhabitants live a happier life.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用完全倒装句升级句②
On__the__north__of__Lake__Taihu__lies__Wuxi,__a__city__with__a__mild__climate__and__abundant__rainfall.
⑦用倒装句升级句⑤
Not__only__are__both__cities__taking__measures__to__improve__the__environment__but__also__they__are__making__efforts__to__help__inhabitants__live__a__happier__life.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Wuxi and Qingdao have similar features, both of which are examples of successful development.
On the north of Lake Taihu lies Wuxi, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Wuxi is an important transportation centre as well as an important industrial city. Similarly, Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is pleasant to live in.
Not only are both cities taking measures to improve the environment but also they are making efforts to help inhabitants live a happier life.
(建议用时：35分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·江西三校联考)The cost of living in countries like the U．S., Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed(飞涨) in recent years. However, if you’re willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.
Ecuador
Ecuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the U．S. dollar for their currency. In this country, it’s cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the U．S. You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.
Mexico
Although the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, it’s not very expensive to live there. A decent sized home can cost around $139，000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.
Vietnam
Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25，000 to $50，000 if you search in the right areas.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了四个生活成本低的宜居国家。
1．How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year?
A．About $7，000. B．About $8，000.
C．About $8，400. D．About $9，800.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.”，并结合题干可知，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费：$700*12＝$8，400，故选C。
2．What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common?
A．They both have great restaurants.
B．The cost of living in them is both expensive.
C．The middlesized homes both cost around $139，000.
D．People are all fond of travelling to the two countries.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years.”和第五段第一句“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years.”可知，这两个国家都受到旅游者的热捧，故选D。
3．In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left?
A．Ecuador. B．Mexico.
C．Argentina. D．Vietnam.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.”可推知，在厄瓜多尔雇人看房子是要付费的，与题干吻和，故选A。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer__into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。
4．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand. B．Stare at.
C．Search for. D．Concern about.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。
5．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。
6．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·沈阳教学质量监测一)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．D 解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。
2．E 解析：结合本段小标题Don’t force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。
3．G 解析：根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉很糟糕，故选G。
4．F 解析：根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州第二次调研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解题导语】 研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted 解析：考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。
2．by 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。
4．The 解析：考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。
5．needed 解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。
6．staying 解析：考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。
7．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．simply 解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply修饰其后的形容词different。
9．problems 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，并且喜欢深夜全神贯注地来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。
10．to get 解析：考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。
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