2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：3.5



[话题单词]
1．locate vt. 位于
2．position n． 位置
3．size n． 大小
4．history n． 历史
5．custom n． 习俗
6．capital n． 首都
7．welfare n． 福利
8．immigration n． 移民
9．Arctic n． 北极，北极地区
10．bay n． 海湾，(港)湾
11．border n． 边(沿)；边界，国界
12．geography n． 地理
13．restriction n． 限制；限定
14．policy n． 政策，方针
15．legal adj. 法律的，法定的
[话题短语]
1．follow a custom遵循习俗
2．culture shock文化冲击
3．social status社会地位
4．offer job opportunities提供就业机会
5．a symbol of social progress社会进步的体现
6．adapt oneself to the development of society适应社会发展
7．be rich in富含……
8．settle down定居
9．have a history of有……的历史
10．have an area of有……面积
11．with a population of有……人口
12．be located in...坐落在……
13．cover an area of占地……
14．natural resources自然资源
15．more than多于
[话题佳句]
1．Covering an area of 9,976,000 square kilometres，Canada is the second largest country in the world with a population of more than thirty million.
加拿大是世界上第二大国家，面积9 976 000平方千米，人口大约3千多万。
2．It is located in the north of North America with the Atlantic on its east，bordering the US on the south.
加拿大位于北美大陆的北部，东临大西洋，南与美国接壤。
3．Canada is rich in natural resources.People speak English and French as their official languages.Ottawa is one of the most beautiful capitals in the world as well as a good place for people to settle down.
加拿大自然资源丰富，英语和法语是加拿大的官方语言，渥太华是世界最美丽的都城之一，也是人们定居的好地方。
[佳作背诵]
随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人选择走出家门去探索世界、体验生活。与传统的团队游相比自助游越来越受到年轻人的青睐。但在享受自助游的同时也存在一些问题。请按下列要求用英语写一篇100词左右的短文：
1．自助游的优点和缺点；
2．你的观点。
参考词汇：团队游 package tour
自助游 self-organized tour
住宿 accommodation
Compared with the traditional ones，self-organized tours are rapidly gaining popularity among the youth.
During a self-organized tour，arrangements of sightseeing can be flexible and changeable depending on our own interests.Thus，we can spend the time freely and head for our favorite destinations directly，only in which way can we fully expose ourselves to the local cultures and customs.
Nevertheless，self-arranged tour can bring about great inconvenience in the arrangements of transportation and accommodation. At the same time ，the discounts for package tour may not be available.Also，lack of safety guarantees makes it easy to get hurt.
In my opinion，the advantages of self-organized tour seem to outweigh its disadvantages.Thus I suppose that self-organized tour can't be a wiser choice to enjoy ourselves to the fullest.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①chat vi.&n.聊天；闲聊
②confirm vt.证实；证明；批准
③measure vt.&vi.测量；衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施
④border n．边界；国界；边沿vt.&vi.与……接壤；接近
⑤dawn n．黎明；拂晓
⑥mix vt.&vi.混合；调配→ mixture n．混合物；混合状态
⑦impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→ impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→ impression n．印象；感想
⑧surround vt.包围；围绕 →surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 →surroundings n．环境
2．阅读单词
①topic n. 话题
②continent n. 洲；大陆
③multicultural adj.多种文化的
④scenery n. 景色；风景
⑤aboard prep .&adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上；上船、飞机、火车等
⑥urban adj.城市的
⑦approximately adv. 接近；大约
⑧wealthy adj. 富有的 n．wealth 财富
⑨mist n. 薄雾；misty adj. 有薄雾的；模糊的
⑩slight adj. 轻微的；微小的
slightly adv. 稍稍；轻微地
⑪location n. 位置；地方
locate vt.&vi. 确定……的位置；坐落
⑫distance n. 距离；远方
distant adj. 远的；远方的
⑬tradition n. 传统；风俗
traditional adj. 传统的，惯例的
⑭terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrifying adj. 令人畏惧的→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的；感到畏惧的→terror n．恐惧→terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的
⑮pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．快乐
⑯governor n．州长；总督→govern v．管理；统治→government n．政府
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We were terrified (terrify)by his sudden appearance.
2．As is known to all，there are seven continents (continent) in the world.
3．The professor entered the lecture hall，surrounded (surround)by many students.
4．I have such a good eyesight that I can see the small things in the distance (distant)．
5．The traditional (tradition)breakfast in this area includes bacon and eggs.
6．To confirm (confirm)when the flight would take off，I made three calls to the airport but in vain.
7．He left for Canada as a poor，working class boy and returned as a wealthy (wealth)man.
8．Helen chatted (chat)with most of the guests at the party last night.
9．My first impression (impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
10．The city is a mixture (mix)of old and new buildings.

1．“景色，风景”家族
①scenery n．风景，景色；舞台布景
②scene n．景色，景象；(戏剧)一场；背景
③sight n．风景，名胜；视力
④view n．景色；视野，视线
⑤outlook n．景色，景致
2．“-y”后缀常见形容词聚集
①wealth→wealthy 富有的
②thirst→thirsty 渴的；渴望的
③taste→tasty 美味的
④sleep→sleepy 困的
⑤guilt→guilty 内疚的；有罪的
⑥health→healthy 健康的
⑦salt→salty 咸的
⑧hill→hilly 多山的
3．“可怕的”高频形容词
①terrifying 可怕的，吓人的
②frightening 吓人的；可怕的
③alarming 令人惊恐的
④awful 可怕的；惊人的
⑤fearful 吓人的；恐惧的
⑥horrible 恐怖的
⑦terrible 可怕的
⑧scary 恐怖的；吓人的
4．“说”法荟萃
①chat vi.&n.聊天；闲聊
②whisper vi.小声说；耳语
③speak vi.&vt.说；演讲；发言
④inform vt.通知；告知
⑤announce vt.宣告
⑥declare vt.宣布；声明
⑦claim vt.声称；要求
⑧broadcast vt.播报
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
②dream about/of 梦想……
2．介词＋名词(＋介词)
①at dawn 在黎明；在拂晓
②in the distance 在远处
③in charge of 负责
3．动词＋名词＋介词
①catch sight of 看见；瞥见
②have a gift for 有……天赋
4．be＋过去分词＋介词
①be surrounded by/with 被……包围
②be impressed with 给……留下深刻印象
5．其他形式
①rather than 与其；不愿；而不
②as far as 远到；直到；至于
③manage to do...设法做某事
用上面所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Boats set off for Shanghai at dawn.
2．You won so many awards and how did you manage to do so?
3．I'd like to go there by train rather than by air.
4．Every time she caught sight of the old picture，she missed her father so much.
5．Lily had a gift for music，so her parents sent her to a music college.
6．After walking for about two hours，we saw the twinkling lights of a village in the distance.

1．“ be＋过去分词(情感)＋at”集锦
①be alarmed at 对……警觉
②be astonished at 对……大为吃惊
③be delighted at 因……而高兴
④be disappointed at 对……失望
⑤be shocked at 对……感到震惊
⑥be terrified at 对……感到恐惧
2．“be＋过去分词＋with”一览
①be surrounded with 被……包围
②be impressed with 给……留下深刻印象
③be equipped with 配备有……
④be covered with 被……覆盖
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver...
她们不想一路乘飞机，而是决定先飞到温哥华……
rather than“而不是”，连接两个并列成分。
吃饭的时候听一些好听的音乐而不是看电视。
While having dinner，listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch television.
2.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall ，some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些树高达90多米。
独立主格结构
照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，长发在微风中飘扬。
The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly，her long hair flowing in the breeze.
3.It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa，Canada's capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
as far as...“远至……；就……而言；尽……所能”。
古时候，人们很少出远门，大多数农民去的最远的地方是当地集市。
In ancient times，people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled as far as the local market.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Journey across Canada
After a quiz last autumn，Kuang crossed the continent eastward to Toronto to visit his schoolmate，the distance 1.measuring(measure) approximately 5,000 kilometers.
His train started from Vancouver，a city surrounded by mountains. 2.After confirming his baggage was aboard the train，Kuang settled down in his seat.Having 3.a gift for communication，he started chatting with another passenger within 5 minutes.Their topics included the Canadian traditions，the Prime Minister，the 4.mixture(mix) of races，and the terrifying Great Fall.After a nice buffet at noon，he 5was pleased(please) to find that the scenery was 6.impressive(impress)．He saw beautiful harbours in the distance，wealthy urban areas and maple forest 7.that covered thousands of acres.He even managed to catch sight of an eagle flying upward over bushes.
Kuang reached Toronto which lies 8.slightly(slight) near the border at a misty dawn.There was frost and the broad downtown streets were very quiet.9.Though it was early，Kuang phoned his schoolmate in a booth nearby at once rather than waiting for him 10.to come(come)．They had a good time together.


surround vt.包围；围绕；环绕
(教材原句)People say it is Canada's most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱着。
拓展词：surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n．环境
surround...with...使……包围……
be surrounded with/by被……包围
(1)Happiness comes from within your heart，not from your surroundings.
幸福来自于你的内心，而不是你周围的事物。
(2)单句语法填空
①The surrounding (surround)villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
②Some insects take on the color of their surroundings (surround)to protect themselves.
③He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)．
(3)写作能力提升
The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the“can't do”attitudes.
measure vi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定
n．措施；方法；尺度；标准；计量制；计量单位
(教材原句)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
拓展词：measurement n．尺寸；大小；测量
(1)take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事
make sth. to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做某事
(2)measure...by...用……衡量……
be measured in/by用(以)……来衡量
[要点释疑]
(1)measure作“措施”解时，常用其复数形式。
(2)measure表示“有……长(宽、高等时)”，可看成系动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。
(1)Life is measured by thought and action，not by time.
人生的意义要以思想和行为来衡量，而非生命之长短。
(2)单句语法填空
①Mr.Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.
②The true worth of a man is to be measured by the objects he pursues.
③We appeal to the government to take measures to prevent (prevent)it going from bad to worse.
④Mark lives in a big pleasant room measuring (measure)approximately 5 metres by 6 metres.
(3)写作能力提升
There are some tall trees on the hill and some measure 30 meters.(用独立主格结构改写)
→There are some tall trees on the hill，some measuring 30 meters.
(4)写出句子中黑体词的含义
The picture measures 10 by 14 inches.(尺寸等)量度为……
confirm vt.证实；证明；确定，确认；批准
(教材原句)．..and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
……地上有霜，证明秋天已经来到加拿大了。
拓展词：confirmation n．证实；确认；批准
confirmed adj.证实的；惯常的
confirm one's belief坚定信念
confirm sb.in belief/opinion/theory使某人确信某信念/观点/理论
confirm a contract批准合同
confirm sth./that/whether...证实……
It has been confirmed that...已经确定……
(1)This latest information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.这一最新消息使我确信他该受到谴责。
(2)单句语法填空。
①I am confirmed(confirm) in my opinion by what you told me.
②In a double of seconds you will receive an e-mail，confirming (confirm) receipt of your application.
③To confirm (confirm)when the flight would take off，I made three calls to the airport but in vain.
(3)写作能力提升
①It has been confirmed that the prime minister will pay a visit to our school next week.(主语从句)
②The prime minister will pay a visit to our school next week，which has been confirmed.(定语从句)
已经确定下个星期总理要来参观我们的学校。
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Before choices are finished，parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm(confirm) their child’s choices.
impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记
(教材原句)Describe two or three things that impressed you most and your feelings when you experienced them.
描绘两三件给你印象最深刻的事情和当你经历它们的时候的感觉。
拓展词：impression n．印象；影响；印记；感想
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的
(1)使某人牢记某事
(2)be impressed by 被……所感动；
对……印象深刻
be impressed on one's mind/memory被印在脑海里
(3)make/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象
(1)He looked around the room as if he was going to impress everything in the room on his mind.
他环顾四周，似乎要把屋里的一切都印入脑海。
(2)单句语法填空
①The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon us.
②I'm sure the film made an impression(impress) on everybody who saw it.
③We were impressed(impress)with the childen's paintings on the show.
④This in my opinion is a very impressive (impress) landscape photograph.
(3)写作能力提升
I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Impressed by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)I was impressed(impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.

catch sight of看见；瞥见
(教材原句)Earlier that day，when they crossed the Rocky Mountains，they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
那天早些时候，当她们穿越落基山脉时，她们总算看到了野山羊，甚至还看见了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记
lose one's sight失明
at the sight of一看到
at first sight 第一眼看；乍一看
in/within sight可以看见；在视线内
out of sight看不见；在视线外
come into sight进入视野；映入眼帘
(1)Standing at the top of the hill，you can catch sight of the whole city.站在山顶，你能够看见全市的景色。
(2)用sight相关短语的适当形式填空
①At the sight of his mother，the boy stopped crying.
②She watched the train until it went out of sight.
③I caught sight of my former teacher just now，but very soon he turned the corner and I lost sight of him.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight.
have a gift for 对……有天赋
(教材原句)Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
他们许多人都有骑马的天赋，都能赢得几千美元的奖金。


be gifted in/have a talent for 对……有天赋
a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人
have an eye for sth.对……有鉴赏力或识别力
(1)Her little girl is gifted (gift) in music.
她的小女儿有音乐天赋。
(2)He has a gift for language，while his sister is a gifted (gift) pianist.
他有语言天赋而他的妹妹是一个有天赋的钢琴家。
as far as远到，直至，至于
(教材原句)It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa，Canada's capital.很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
(1)
(2)
(3)by far到目前为止
so far迄今为止
far from远离；远非；一点也不
go too far开玩笑开得过火
(1)Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years！一些科学家甚至说我们能活到130岁！
(2)The park extends as far as the river.这个公园一直延伸到河边。
(3)用as...as的相关短语填空
①This training programme can give you a lift at work，as well as increase your income by 40%.
②Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.
③I only use my new car on special occasions，so it's as good as new.
④Do not worry about the length of the article as long as it conveys the point.

Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.她们不想一路乘飞机，而是决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，后接名词，代词，形容词，副词，-ing形式或不定式。
(1)would rather(not)do宁愿(不)做……

(2)
(3)would rather have done本来想……而未实现
(4)
rather than连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式以及动词等。但注意以下几点：
[要点释疑]
(1)rather than连接两个并列不定式时，rather than之后的不定式可省略to。
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(1)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
解决问题的最好方法是面对它们，而不是逃避它们。(连接平行主语)
(2)The Olympic spirit emphasizes taking part rather than winning(win)．奥林匹克精神强调的是参与而非获胜。(连接平行宾语)
(3)What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working (work)．我们期待你努力工作，而不是几乎不工作。(连接平行表语)
(4)用rather或other的相关短语填空
①I would rather stay at home than go shopping on such a humid day.
②The tall figure that you saw was none other than our manager.
③In this case，you might take a few days at a time rather than take one month all at once.
④I think I understand what you are saying，or rather， I feel the truth of it.
(5)写作能力提升
她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。
①She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.)
②She would rather go with us than stay behind alone.(would rather do sth.than do sth.)
③She would go with us rather than stay behind alone.(would do sth.rather than do sth.)
(6)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那儿的湿度很大，树木极高，有些树的高度超过90米。
句中“some measuring over 90 metres”为独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，即some of which measure over 90 metres。
(1)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，独立主格结构在句中作状语。
(2)独立主格结构形式归纳：
①名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动和进行)
②名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)
③名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词
(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
④with＋名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词/动词不定式
(1)He lay there，his teeth set，his eyes looking(look)straight up.他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，两眼直视上方。(表方式)
(2)Many trees，flowers，and grass to be planted(plant)，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。(表原因)
(3)单句语法填空
①The work finished (finish)，they left the office and went home.
②The exam to be held (hold)tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
③The students having done (do)all the exercises，the teacher went on to explain the text.
④She being (be)absent，the meeting had to be put off.
(4)单句改错
①There was no bus，we had to walk home.was→being
②He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixing on the blackboard.fixing→fixed
(5)写作能力提升
用独立主格结构改写下列句子：
①After the ceremony was over，we went home directly.
The ceremony(being)over，we went home directly.
②When George yawned，the conversation dropped.
George yawning，the conversation dropped.
③His first shot was a failure and Dyke fired again.
His first shot a failure，Dyke fired again.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When it comes to wedding traditions (风俗)，there are differences between the West and the East.
2．At present the local government is taking measures (措施)to reduce the pollution.
3．It is known to all that there are seven continents (洲) on the earth.
4．He likes chatting(聊天)about the things with his friends on the Internet.
5．Passengers checked their baggage(行李)before boarding the plane.
6．A straight line is the shortest distance (距离)between two points.
7．After taking some photos，they stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery(风景)．
8．My younger brother will confirm (证实)what I have told you.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We laughed at sight of his strange clothes.sight前加the
2．They said the director，rather than the clerks，were responsible for the incident.were→was
3．The number of them is less than 1,000，so I hope you can take measure to protect them.measure→measures
4．Before we settle down to discuss other things，I've a question to ask you.discuss→discussing
5．It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at the distance.the→a
6．He impressed to us the need of immediate action.to→on/upon
7．He asked how the distance was between Beijing and Qingdao.how→what
8．The teacher came into the classroom，surrounding by the students.surrounding→surrounded
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
My cousin and I traveled 1.across Canada by train from west to east.We saw many 2.things (thing) from the train on the way，and in the cities of Toronto and Montreal.
We passed through the Rocky Mountains on the train，and saw 3.wild (wildly) scenery，a grizzly bear and some mountain goats.Canada 4.is (be) very empty in the centre,5.which is a wheat-growing area.The city of Thunder Bay is a port city at the top of the Great Lakes.Ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
In Toronto，we went up the CN Tower and saw the mist from the Niagara Falls. We visited the 6.covered (cover) stadium，which is 7.the home of several famous basketball teams.We saw Chinatown and had dinner at the Pink Pearl restaurant.8.When we arrived in Montreal the next day，we saw many signs and ads 9.in French.Then we went to Old Montreal.We spent the afternoon in shops and 10.visiting (visit) the artists in their workplaces.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
They knew fall had arrived in Canada，for they saw the red maple tree and frost on the ground.At the top of CN Tower，they saw the misty cloud that rise from the great Niagara Falls.There was a pity that they couldn't go as farther as Ottawa.The train arrived in Montreal in the next morning.They found Montreal was a French-spoken country because there were signs and ads on French. They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visited artists in their workplaces besides the water.
答案：
They knew fall had arrived in Canada，for they saw the red maple and frost on the ground.At the top of CN Tower，they saw the misty cloud that from the great Niagara Falls. was a pity that they couldn't go as as Ottawa. The train arrived in Montreal in the next morning.They found Montreal was a country because there were signs and ads French.They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and artists in their workplaces the water.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．游览加拿大是我们的梦想。
2．直到去年我们才得以去加拿大。
3．我们决定坐飞机去，不开车。
4．傍晚，我们登上飞机。
5．黎明时，我们已经在加拿大的上空。
6．从远处我们看到了许多湖泊、山脉。
7．它们的美景给我们留下了深刻的印象。
Visiting Canada had been our dream.However，it was not until last year that we managed to make it.We decided to take a plane rather than drive，and went aboard in the evening.At dawn，we were over Canada，where we caught sight of many lakes and mountains from a distance.We were greatly impressed by their beauty.