2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块三Unit2

Unit 2　Language



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.the soil mostly consisting of sand　　主要由沙子组成的土壤
2.raise her voice 提高她的嗓门
3.defeat his disease 打败病魔
4.press the red button 按红色按钮
5.represent each letter with a number 每个字母用一个数字表示
6.occupy a very wild area 占据野蛮之地
7.indicate a lack of food 表明缺乏食物
8.a ban on smoking 禁止吸烟
9.get over shortcoming 克服缺点
10.take some practical steps 采取一些实际步骤
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n.联合，结合
2.contribution n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contribute v.贡献
3.mixture n.混合，混合体→mix v.使混合，拌和
4.conclusion n.结论；推论→conclude v.总结，归纳，推论
5.entire adj.完全的，整个的→entirely adv.完全地，整个地
6.concern n.关心；忧虑 vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣→concerned adj.担心的，关心的→concerning prep.关于
7.access vt.进入；使用 n.通道；(使用的)机会，权利→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的
8.mistaken adj.错误的；误解的→mistake n.错误；误会vt.弄错；误解
9.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
10.differ vi.相异，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同
11.distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征→distinguished adj.著名的→distinction n.区别
12.convenient adj.方便的→convenience n.方便→conveniently adv.方便地，附近地
13.embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，使人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的，难堪的
『联想记忆』
1.前缀“re-”动词一览
①replay　　重放
②renew 更新
③replace 取代
④review 复习
⑤remind 使想起
⑥reunite 重聚
2.“整个，完全”集萃
①entire adj. 整个的
②whole adj. 全部的
③total adj. 完全的
④complete adj. 完全的
⑤wholly adv. 完全地
3.词根“inter-(相互)”家族
①intersect v. 相交，交叉
②interchange v. 相互交换
③interact v. 互相来往
④interaction n. 相互影响
⑤international adj. 国际的
4.“因此”副词的多种表达
①thus 因此，这样
②hence 因此
③therefore 因此，所以
④accordingly 因此，于是
⑤consequently 因此，结果
5.后缀“-fy(使……)”动词荟萃
①beautify 美化，使变美
②glorify 赞美，美化
③classify 分类，分等
④purify 净化，使纯净
⑤simplify 简化
⑥clarify 净化

1.It is not a custom for customers to go shopping at customs.对于顾客来说，在海关购物不是一个风俗。
2.It’s a long process to process the meat.加工这些肉是一个很长的过程。
3.Every character in this novel has his own character，which is vividly described in Chinese character.
在这个小说中，每一个人物都有自己的性格，用汉字描述得非常生动。

1.stand for　代表，象征
2.consist of 由……组成(构成)
3.name after 以……命名
4.aside from 除……之外
5.take control of 控制
6.lead to/result in 导致
7.go through 经历；浏览；检查
8.take...into consideration 把考虑在内
9.look up 向上看；查询
10.gain access to 接近；取得利用……的机会
11.make fun of 取笑，开……的玩笑
12.differ from 和……不同
13.pick up 捡起；中途搭人；无意中学会
『词块记忆』
1.a mixture of their languages他们语言的结合
2.the official language of England英国的官方语言
3.the latter half of the 14th century14世纪后半期
4.come into widespread use广泛应用
5.go through huge changes经历巨大变化
6.the customs of a country一个国家的风俗
7.letters written in ink用墨水写的字母
8.the raised dots突起的点
9.be of practical use有实际用途
10.a special typewriter特别的打字机
11.as a whole总体上
12.in a word总之
13.up and down上上下下

1.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
这就是英语有那么多让人困惑的规则的原因。
2.Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England，French did not replace English as the first language.
尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。
3.After the Norman Conquest，high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服之后，上层阶级的人说法语，而普通人说英语。
4.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
5.While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
6.It seems that if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country，they will be less likely to upset others or be misunderstood.
看起来好像人们如果在参观一个新国家之前学习一些关于其他文化的知识，他们就几乎没有可能使别人恼火或不被人理解。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The study of traditions should be combined (结合)with practice.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)
2.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique(独特的) facts and history.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
3.Considering he’s only six，he has an excellent vocabulary (词汇).
4.The Jackson family have occupied (占着) this apartment for the past six months.
5.The official (官方的) languages of Canada are English and French.
6.Would you like to make a contribution (贡献) to the hospital rebuilding fund?
7.The school makes no distinction (区别) between male and female students.
8.If you think I desire wealth more than health，you are mistaken (误解的).
9.This girl is distinguished (区分) from her classmates for her uncommon willpower.
10.Youth means aiming high，while responsibility indicates (表明) being down to earth.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.WHO welcomes China’s contribution (contribute) of mobile laboratory to west Africa against Ebola.
2.They arrived at a conclusion (conclude) after several long discussions.
3.I had to keep the video camera readily accessible (access) in case I saw something that needed to be filmed.
4.This coat would be more practical (practice)for colder weather，but I think the other one is so much more attractive.
5.European and American science combined with efficient and cheap Chinese manufacturing should be a powerful combination.(combine)
6.He was concerned to hear that two of his essays concerning agriculture couldn’t be published.(concern)
7.My house is conveniently located just off the High Street.It’s convenient for you to drop in.Please come at your convenience.(convenient)
8.My most embarrassing moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn’t remember and it also made the woman embarrassed.(embarrass)
Ⅲ.选词填空
consist of，aside from，take control of，lead to，go through，gain access to，differ from，pick up
1.Aside__from being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
2.The medical team consisting__of ten doctors and 20 nurses will be sent to Africa.
3.Worldwide，more than 2.3 billion people have gained__access__to improved drinking water since 1990.
4.It was reported that the big fire led__to hundreds of people suffering from injury and more than 160 deaths.
5.Though we completely differ__from each other in character，we are still good friends.
6.The army took__control__of the city after the president’s fall from power，which left the whole country in a mess.
7.Sam picked__up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
8.We went__through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.I always try to overcome difficulties.That__is__why I have always succeeded where others have failed.
我总是努力克服困难，那就是我总是在别人失败的事情上成功的原因。
2.He’s the best teacher，even__though__he__has__the__least__experience.
他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。
3.It__seems__that young people are more interested in pop music.
年轻人似乎对流行音乐更感兴趣。
4.The new medical discovery will be__of__great__value to the treatment of cancer.
这一新的医学发现对癌症的治疗将很有价值。
5.Nodding the head means agreement，while__shaking__it__means__disagreement.
点点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。

核心要点突破
1.occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌
(1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth
　　　　　　　　忙于……；专心于……
(2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；从事……的
be occupied in doing sth/with sth
忙于做某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业；工作
单句语法填空/句型转换
①Choosing an occupation (occupy) takes time，and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
②She is occupied in looking after three children at home，so she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→Occupied__in__looking__after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
→Occupying__herself__in__looking__after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
[佳句背诵] I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be otherwise occupied.(江苏高考单选)
星期天我不能见你。我要忙别的事。
[名师指津] “忙于(做)某事”的其他常用结构还有：
①be busy with sth
②be busy/engaged (in) doing sth
2.replace vt.替换，代替，取代；把……放回原处
(1)replace A with/by B　　　用B取代A
replace sb as 取代某人成为……
(2)take the place of sb＝take sb’s place
代替某人
in place of 代替
单句语法填空/句型转换
①That could be because so many people have replaced face time with/by screen time，the researchers said.
②John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who is going to take__the__place__of__him/take__his__place.
[佳句背诵] After a heated discussion，we agreed on making a video in place of an album.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
经过激烈的讨论，我们决定不制作相册而是视频。
3.raise vt.抚养，养育，培养；饲养(家畜)；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；引起，使出现
[一词多义] 写出下列句中raise的含义
①After the Norman Conquest，many English people worked as servants who raised animals.饲养
②Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.养育，抚养
③Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.筹集(资金)
④She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.举起
⑤More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety.提高
[名师指津] 辨析 arise，arouse，rise，raise
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arise vi.出现；发生；引起；起床
arose
arisen
arising
arouse vt.唤醒；激起
aroused
aroused
arousing
rise vi.升起；起身；增长；上升
rose
risen
rising
raise vt.举起；抚养；提高；饲养
raised
raised
raising
选用上述单词填空
⑥One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply，of course，partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose，which has aroused some objections.
4.concern n.关心；关注；忧虑 vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
(1)show concern for/about　　对于……的担心
(2)concerned adj. 有关的；担心的
be concerned with... 与……有关，涉及
be concerned about 关心……，担心/忧虑
so/as far as...be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning (＝about) prep. 关于
单句语法填空
①I use mobile payment a lot，but I am quite concerned about/for my privacy.
②Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools concerned (concern).
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned，the more you practise paper-cutting，the better at it you will become.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长它。
[名师指津] concerned作“担心的”讲，作定语时，要前置；作“有关的”讲，作定语时，要后置。
5.access vt.进入；接近；使用 n.[U]通道；(使用的)机会，权利
(1)have/get/gain/obtain access to
　　　　　　能够使用，得以接近，得以进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的；容易理解的
be accessible to 容易得到的；可使用的
单句语法填空
①Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area，children had no access to education.
②He put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids.
[佳句背诵] Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.(2018·江苏高考单选)
孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。
[名师指津] access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。
6.conclusion n.结论；推论；结束
(1)conclude...from...　从……中得出/推断出……
conclude...with.... 以……结束……
(2)conclusion n. 结论
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion＝to conclude
最后；总之
单句语法填空/句型转换
①When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude it with important points.
②He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
→He drew/came__to/arrived__at/reached__a__conclusion__from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
[佳句背诵] In conclusion，I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
总之，我希望这些建议对你有用。
7.differ vi.相异，有区别
(1)differ from sb/sth＝be different from...
　　　　　　　　　与……不同/有区别
(2)difference n. 不同，差异，分歧
make a difference to 对……起作用/产生影响
完成句子/句型转换
①Your age shouldn’t make__any__difference__to whether you get the job or not.
你能否得到这项工作应该与你的年龄无关。
②As we all know，Tang poems differ from other forms of poems.
→As we all know，Tang poems are__different__from other forms of poems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
8.distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
(1)distinguish(＝tell) A from B/between A and B
　　　　　　　　　　　把A和B分开
distinguish oneself 表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的；有尊严的
be distinguished(＝famous/well-known) for
因……而著名
单句语法填空/句型转换
①We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished for his scientific achievements.
②It’s important to distinguish between reality and dreams.
→It’s important to distinguish reality from dreams.
[佳句背诵] As we all know，Tang Dynasty is distinguished for Tang Poems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
众所周知，唐朝以唐诗而出名。
9.convenient adj.便利的，方便的
(1)It is/was convenient for sb to do sth
　　　　　　　对于某人来说做某事是方便的
sth be convenient for/to sb
某物对某人来说是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
单句语法填空
①Bachelet says she selected it for convenience and I observe that it is also cheap.
②Would it be convenient for you to__pick (pick) me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
[佳句背诵] If you are interested，please send an application email at your convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.(陕西高考书面表达)
如果你感兴趣，在你方便的时候请发送申请信到陈老师的chenlaoshi@aef.com信箱。
[名师指津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语，后接不定式的主动形式。
10.consist of 由……组成，由……构成
　　　　由……组成
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
完成句子
Life mainly consists__of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists__in struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist__with the reality.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致的。
[佳句背诵] Last week，a group of international students consisting of 12 females and 8 males visited our school.
上周一组由12名女生和8名男生组成的国际学生参观了我们学校。
11.stand for 代表，象征；容忍
stand out　　　突出，显眼，杰出
stand by 袖手旁观，无动于衷；支持
stand aside 站到一边；让开；袖手旁观，不参与
stand up for 支持；维护
单句语法填空
①Our daughter is a great dancer; she stands out above the rest.
②Good Heavens! How could you stand by/aside and allow such a thing to happen!
[佳句背诵] As is known to us，tea-drinking stands for a certain kind of Chinese culture.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
众所周知，饮茶代表了一种中国文化。
12.lead to 导致
(1)lead to...　通往(某地)
lead to one’s/one doing sth 导致某人做某事
lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事；导致某人做某事
(2)lead/live a...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
单句语法填空
①In class I will lead the students to__practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
②The patient decided to lead a new life after the unusual experience.
③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being__caught (catch).
[佳句背诵] While DNA test will help strengthen people’s health consciousness，it is more probable that it will lead to over-anxiety.(广东高考基础写作)
尽管DNA检测会有助于增强人们的健康意识，但也会更有可能导致过度焦虑。
[名师点津]　lead to“导致，促使”中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
13.部分否定
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.(教材原句)
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
句中not all表示部分否定，也可以用all...not表示。
(1)英语中的不定代词all，both，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything；形容词complete，entire，whole；副词completely，entirely，wholly，altogether等和否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都……”的意思。
(2)英语中的不定代词none，nobody，nothing，no one，neither；副词(词组)no，never，nowhere，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用，构成全部否定。
①As you know，not all of us do well in playing ping-pong.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
→As you know，all of us don’t do well in playing ping-pong.
正如你知道的，并非我们所有人都擅长打乒乓球。
②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
→Not__both__of the two math problems are very difficult.
③He told me all pieces of the news，but none of them was very exciting.
14.be of＋名词
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.(教材原句)
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
句中be of...use是“be of＋名词”结构。
(1)of (＋great，no，little，some，much)＋抽象名词(value，importance，use，help，interest，significance，benefit，necessity等)，这类名词一般可转化为其相应的形容词形式
(2)of (＋different，the same，similar)＋分类名词(kind，type，sort，shape，size，colour，length，depth，width，weight，height，age，date等)
(3)of (＋good，bad，nice，fine，serious，high等)＋性质名词(quality，character，characteristics，feature等)
①I think it is of great use for you to visit the paper-cutting exhibition.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
我认为你参观剪纸展览有很大的用处。
②Doing morning exercises is beneficial to your health.
→Doing morning exercises is of__benefit to your health.
③Mr Johnson，a great stamp collector，has owned stamps of__many__different__kinds__and__sizes.
约翰逊先生，一位了不起的邮票收藏家，手里有许多不同种类和尺寸的邮票。
④Yangzhou toy bear is of__high__quality and is sold all over the world.
扬州玩具熊质量很好，在全世界都有销售。
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.represent
A.代表(某人、团体)　B.象征，表示　C.描绘，展示
D.占
①And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.(2018·浙江高考阅读B)D
②As an athlete，I have always been proud to represent our country around the world.A
③The five rings represent the close unity and friendly meeting at the Olympics among athletes from five continents.B
④This painting represents the first settlers arriving in America.C
2.press
A.v.按，压，挤　B.v.极力劝说，敦促　C.n.新闻界
D.n.报刊　E.n.新闻报道
①The steam powered printing press was still in its early stages.(2018·浙江高考阅读A)D
②What will happen if you press the reset button？A
③Judging from the press，the concert was a great success.E
④The press is/are desperate for news that appeals to the public.C
⑤My friend pressed me to stay here a little longer.B
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear.(2018·天津高考阅读D)差别
2.Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice.(江苏高考阅读D)种族的
3.Dance，like the pattern of a beating heart，is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读七选五)模式
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.As is known，both English and French are __①__ languages in Canada.And Canada is a __②__ of multiple races.
①A.official B.practical
C.racial D.pure
②A.contribution B.mixture
C.conclusion D.version
答案　①A　②B
2.Don’t make things complex.Instead，try to __①__ your explanation to the students to help them understand better.As we all know，learning is a long and hard __②__.
①A.defeat B.raise
C.represent D.simplify
②A.custom B.process
C.access D.appearance
答案　①D　②B

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.He was banned from attending the meeting for not having the permit.
2.We can，therefore，come to the conclusion (conclude) that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.
3.British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.
4.Today I put my foot in my mouth before my teacher，which really made me embarrassed (embarrass).
5.The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the period rang and we had to stop our discussion.
6.All of a sudden，he stood directly，representing (represent) his ideas to the people present at the meeting.
7.We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprise and horror.
8.American economists have made important contributions (contribute) to the field of financial economics.
9.Distinguished (distinguish) for its skyscrapers，Hong Kong’s long history and rich heritage resources are often overlooked.
10.A medical team of PLA，consisting (consist) of 30 people from the 302 Military Hospital of the PLA，has been sent to fight Ebola in Africa.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.He stood (stand)up and looked forward to see what was going on outside.
2.Families are__spread (spread)far and wide and marriages often end in divorce.
3.Furthermore，we will also be offered a platform to practice our spoken (speak)English.
4.He took (take)apart the radio and hoped to see what was wrong with it.
5.That’s why the words colour，centre and traveller are__spelt(spell) color，center and traveler in American English.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.make后加a
2.Occupying with her children，Mrs.White can’t go shopping with us.Occupying→Occupied
3.Voices were risen as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.risen→raised
4.If it is convenient with you today，please post the letter for me on your way home.with→to
5.A team，consisted of two doctors and three policemen，was sent to search for the lost explorers.consisted→consisting
6.I hope what I have written will be benefit to someone else who may feel the same way.benefit前加of或benefit→beneficial
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.筹集　　B.加工，处理　　C.找寻　　D.过程
1.We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.A
2.He has been hunting for a job after graduation.C
3.They are required to process the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.B


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A fun way to learn about the people in the destinations you travel to around the globe is to drop into a friendly local bar off the beaten tourist track and enjoy a sip of something the region is famous for.To help you have fun, we’ve rounded up how to say “Cheers！” around the world.

Who doesn’t dream of living the good life in France? The food alone is well worth the trip since the French basically invented fine cuisine.They also invented a little golden liquid called the Champagne! Just before your first sip, look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their “cheers”：à votre santé！
Is it just us, or is the Italian treat called prosecco sweeping the nation by storm? It’s lovely anytime：brunch, to celebrate something, or just to slowly sip while catching up with a dear friend.It originated in Italy’s Veneto region but is now available all over the world.When in Italy, the most common toast is “cin cin”， which has its origins in China.However, do not use this as a toast in Japan.It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country.If you find yourself in the land of Japan, stick with “kampai”， which means“cheers！”
If you haven’t been to Ireland—what are you waiting for？It’s the friendliest place, and one of the funniest on the planet，and the pubs are full of stories, where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness.The Irish language can be a bit tricky for visitors to grasp but, again, practice makes perfect.Simply say，“Slàinte mhath.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在不同国家和地区，如何表达“干杯”体现了当地的文化和风情。本文分别介绍了在法国、意大利、日本和爱尔兰如何表达“干杯”。
1.What is the French way of saying “Cheers”？
A.À votre santé. B.Cin cin.
C.Kampai. D.Slàinte mhath.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Just before your first sip，look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their‘cheers’：à votre santé！”可知，在法国，干杯时说“à votre santé！”，故A项正确。]
2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The Italian wine. B.A toast from China.
C.A Japanese custom. D.A French expression.
答案　B　[代词指代题。根据第三段第四、五、六句“When in Italy...the entire country”可知，这种起源于中国的祝酒词可能让你被赶出酒吧；据此可知，It指代源于中国的祝酒词，故B项正确。]
3.What can we learn about Ireland from the text?
A.It is famous for food. B.Its language is simple.
C.It makes perfect wine. D.It is well worth visiting.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“It’s the friendliest place...a glass of Guinness”可知，爱尔兰是最友好的地方，也是世界上最有趣的地方之一，酒吧里充满了故事，在那里当地人和游客聚在一起举杯畅饮。据此可以判断，爱尔兰值得一游，故D项正确。]
4.What’s the main purpose of the text?
A.To introduce the world-famous wine.
B.To show how to make friends in bars.
C.To give suggestions on drinking regionally.
D.To recommend some famous travel destinations.
答案　C　[写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文第一段尾句“To help you have fun，we’ve rounded up how to say‘Cheers！’around the world”为文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了在不同国家和地区说“干杯”的方式；据此可以判断，本文旨在介绍在不同国家和地区如何说“干杯”，故C项正确。]
B
There’s no denying that learning a foreign language is difficult，and when it comes to speaking the language，it can be extremely tough.I remember walking into my first-ever Spanish class at university only to discover that half of my classmates were already fluent in multiple languages.It’s__safe__to__say__I__felt__out__of__my__depth!
At first the thought of speaking Spanish terrified me；not only were my vocabulary and grammar very limited，but I had never spoken another language before.However，I was determined to overcome my fear，and by adopting a few simple methods I have been able to build my confidence and make progress.In fact，it was not as terrible as I thought.Here，I think I will share a few tips with you.
Firstly，it is OK to make mistakes for language learners and that you should accept them.This sounds obvious，but when it comes to language learning we often aim for perfection and feel as though we are not ready to speak until we have “enough” words or grammatical knowledge.The truth is that you will never feel ready，and instead it is important to use the knowledge to communicate what you can.
This leads on to my next tip：don’t compare yourself to others.This can be a hard one，especially if you are in a large language class.It is important to remember that we all learn at different speeds and through different styles of learning.Something that really helped me progress was finding a patient language exchange partner.Finding someone whose level of English was similar to my level of Spanish to practise with made me feel much more confident.
Lastly，celebrate the small success and remember how far you have come！Instead of focusing on how far you have to go，focus on the progress you have already made and be proud of your achievements!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己学习西班牙语的经历，就如何学好外语提出了建议。
5.What does the underlined part suggest in the passage?
A.The author took great pride in his classmates.
B.The author wanted to leave university immediately.
C.The author failed to join in his classmates’ conversation.
D.The author was unable to speak many languages.
答案　D　[句意理解题。根据上文可知，作者是第一次上西班牙语课，而此时作者的同学中有一半的人都能流利地讲多种语言了，作者感到这很不可思议，自己很难做到流利地讲多种语言了。out of one’s depth“为某人力所不及，非某人所能理解”。故选D项。]
6.What is the common barrier for language learners?
A.They fail to have a good command of grammar.
B.They have a lack of courage to speak the language.
C.They can’t use the language in right situations.
D.They can’t help comparing themselves to others.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，对语言学习者来说，要想学好一门外语，就不要担心犯错，重要的是用这种语言交流，而不是在掌握了多少词汇、多少语法知识时才能开口，由此可推知，选项B正确。]
7.What’s the best way to learn Spanish in the author’s opinion?
A.Find a partner whose Spanish is excellent.
B.Set long-term goals to improve enthusiasm.
C.Learn from an example and pick out weak points.
D.Choose a language exchange partner at the same level.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Something that really helped...feel much more confident”可知，对作者来说学习西班牙语最好的方法就是找一位英语水平和作者的西班牙语水平相当的人，来相互交换学习语言。故选D项。]
8.What does the author want to tell in the passage?
A.Mastering Spanish is a chance in a million.
B.Learning new languages is not so hard.
C.Confidence is the key to speaking a language.
D.Don’t ignore what you have achieved in learning.
答案　B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在前两段谈到自己学习西班牙语的经历，但是接下来作者就如何掌握好外语提出了建议。第二段中的“In fact，it was not as terrible as I thought”也是关键提示，由此可知，作者想要表达的是学习一门新的语言并不是一件那么困难的事情。故选B项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
On New Year’s Eve，I came across an old couple at a secondhand store.They moved slowly around me __1__ something.
“Can I help you？”I asked.
They stopped，looked at me and said，“We’re looking for __2__ things that look new.”
Then they __3__.I didn’t.It must have been a private joke between them.
Noticing I looked __4__，the man explained，“Look，every new year in the past we __5__ to begin the year with new things.It was a goal to surround ourselves with things __6__ and new so that we had new direction，new hopes and dreams for the __7__ ahead.”
“How did that __8__？”I asked.
“Well，after so many years，we discovered it really got us __9__，”the woman said.
“Then why do you __10__ at a secondhand store？Are things bad financially？”
“No，not at all.We just discovered that things don’t have to be __11__ to be of great value.__12__ it’s old，it’s new to someone who __13__ saw it before，”the man said.
“So，each year we search for things that are __14__ to others but mean the world to us，”the woman added.
This couple had spent most of their lives __15__ that there was power in “things” and on New Year’s Eve，they should __16__ old things and be surrounded with new things.They spent most of their lives believing that by doing so，their life was going to change magically.
__17__，the truth is，there really isn’t anything different from one day to the next，one year to the next，except for your __18__ to it.Everything is there waiting to be __19__，so everything is old until you see it for the first time.
I have learned a __20__ that day and it has been the best New Year gift I have ever received.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者在二手商店碰到一对老夫妇，通过交谈作者学习到生活中有价值的东西不一定非得是新东西或者贵重的东西。
1.A.in search of B.in charge of
C.in memory of D.in support of
答案　A　[根据下文中的looking for可知，这对老夫妇在“找(in search of)”东西。]
2.A.strange B.old
C.cheap D.pretty
答案　B　[根据下文中的...it’s old，it’s new to someone...可知，这对老夫妇在找看起来新的“旧(old)”东西。]
3.A.laughed B.nodded
C.shouted D.apologized
答案　A　[根据本段中的It must have been a private joke between them可推测，这对老夫妇说了一句玩笑话，所以“笑(laughed)”了。]
4.A.shocked B.worried
C.puzzled D.annoyed
答案　C　[根据上段中的I didn’t和本空后的the man explained可推测，作者没有理解这对老夫妇之间的玩笑，一脸“茫然(puzzled)”，所以老人向作者解释。]
5.A.promised B.tried
C.struggled D.failed
答案　B　[过去每年新年，这对老夫妇都“试着(tried)”在新东西的陪伴下开启新的一年。]
6.A.fresh B.familiar
C.interesting D.useful
答案　A　[根据本空后的new可知，fresh符合此处语境。]
7.A.way B.year
C.goal D.chance
答案　B　[这对老夫妇买新东西是想新的一“年(year)”有新气象。]
8.A.carry out B.pick out
C.work out D.come out
答案　C　[根据下段中老妇人的回答可推测，作者是问他们这个方法“进展(work out)”得怎么样。]
9.A.somewhere B.anywhere
C.nowhere D.everywhere
答案　C　[根据下文这对老夫妇改变新年买新东西的做法可知，这个方法没有用，故nowhere符合此处语境。]
10.A.work B.volunteer
C.stay D.shop
答案　D　[根据上文内容可知，这对老夫妇在二手商店“买东西(shop)”。]
11.A.unique B.expensive
C.rare D.attractive
答案　B　[这对老夫妇选择在二手商店买东西是因为他们发现有价值的东西不一定非得“昂贵(expensive)”。]
12.A.Even though B.Now that
C.If only D.Ever since
答案　A　[解析见下题。]
13.A.seldom B.never
C.sometimes D.often
答案　B　[“即使(Even though)”有些东西是旧的，但是对于“从未(never)”见过它的人来说它就是新的。]
14.A.common B.funny
C.valueless D.harmless
答案　C　[根据本空后的but可知，这对老夫妇要找的东西对于他人来说“一文不值(valueless)”，但是对于他们来说却是无价之宝。]
15.A.believing B.proving
C.explaining D.arguing
答案　A　[本段末的They spent most of their lives believing提示了本题答案。]
16.A.take hold of B.get rid of
C.pay attention to D.put up with
答案　B　[根据本空后的be surrounded with new things可知，过去每年除夕，这对老夫妇都要“丢掉(get rid of)”旧东西，添置新东西。]
17.A.Therefore B.Moreover
C.Otherwise D.However
答案　D　[根据上段中的change magically和本段中的there really isn’t anything different可知，这两段之间为转折关系，故However符合此处语境。]
18.A.approach B.attitude
C.contribution D.introduction
答案　B　[解析见下题。]
19.A.bought B.remembered
C.improved D.discovered
答案　D　[根据上文内容可知，这对老夫妇对生活的“态度(attitude)”发生了改变，他们不再一味追求新，而是认识到所有的一切东西都有待“发现(discovered)”。]
20.A.word B.skill
C.fact D.lesson
答案　D　[东西无论新旧，只要你是第一次见到，对你而言，它就是新的，这就是作者那天从这对老夫妇身上汲取的“经验(lesson)”。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
The world’s first robot police officer started work this week，1.________ is part of the Dubai Police force.2.________(it) name is “RoboCop”.RoboCop’s first official job was to greet guests at a security conference.Apart from 3.________(greet) visitors，it also answered questions and 4.________(give) directions.RoboCop has a built-in tablet for people to interact with，pay traffic fines and use other police services.The tablet is linked to a police station，5.________ people can talk to real police officers.The 170-centimetre-tall RoboCop can speak six languages.It can also shake hands，salute(向……致意) people and recognize people’s emotions and facial 6.________(expression).
RoboCop is the first 7.________ many robot police officers for Dubai.25 percent of the Dubai Police force will be robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first smart police station.8.________ (final) no humans will work there.A spokesman said，“The RoboCop is the latest smart addition to the police force and 9.________ (design) to help us fight crime，keep the city safe and improve 10.________ (happy) levels.”An official at the security conference commented that the future is here now，saying，“The age of the robots is no longer coming.It has arrived.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了迪拜的机器人警察，这些机器人警察对人们有很大帮助，并意味着机器人时代已经来临。
1.which　[分析句子结构可知，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为The world’s first robot police officer，从句缺少主语，且后文用it来指代机器人警察，故先行词为物，所以填which。]
2.Its　[空格后面是名词，所以此处要用形容词性物主代词its作定语，注意单词位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Its。]
3.greeting　[Apart from为介词短语，其后接动词时需用动名词形式。]
4.gave　[此处为and连接两个并列的谓语动词。并列连词and连接的两个动词形式和时态应一致，此处应与answered保持一致。故也应用一般过去时。故填gave。]
5.so　[空前与空后两分句之间是因果关系，所以填so。]
6.expressions　[people’s后跟名词，且此处与emotions并列，故用名词的复数形式。]
7.of　[根据句意可知，此处表示RoboCop是迪拜众多机器人警官的第一位，the first of...是固定搭配，所以填of。]
8.Finally　[此处修饰整个句子，所以用副词作状语。注意单词位于句首，首字母需大写。]
9.has been designed　[此处与前面动词is并列，要用现在时态，而RoboCop已经被设计出来了，并对现在造成了影响，所以应用现在完成时；又因为逻辑主语RoboCop和动词design之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been designed。]
10.happiness　[根据句意可知，此处表达的是“提高人们的幸福水平”，所以应用名词修饰名词，故用名词形式happiness。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·太原模拟)My grandmother is 73 year old.She is a great reader，but she reads only newspapers.He has a very good habit of reading the newspaper daily.After her morning housework，she sat down to read the newspaper for at least an hour.She doesn’t like to be disturbing at that time.In fact she is so much updated that everyone else in the house relies her for the daily important news，national or international.My grandmother’s habit of reading newspapers are a great help for the other members of my house，especial my parents.As they both are working very hardly，they have very few time to read the news.
答案　
My grandmother is 73 old.She is a great reader，but she reads only newspapers. has a very good habit of reading the newspaper daily.After her morning housework，she down to read the newspaper for at least an hour.She doesn’t like to be at that time.In fact she is so updated that everyone else in the house relies her for the daily important news，national or international.My grandmother’s habit of reading newspapers a great help for the other members of my house， my parents.As they both are working very ，they have very time to read the news.
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2019·唐山五校联考)假定你是李华，当前在伦敦的孔子学院(Confucius Institute)做志愿者。你的英国朋友Henry对孔子特别感兴趣，请你写封邮件邀请他参观孔子学院，要点如下：
1.简述孔子及中国文化在世界上的影响；
2.告知参观时间：11月6日(本周六)上午8点；
3.介绍参加活动：汉语班，剪纸，书法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇：剪纸paper-cutting　书法calligraphy
Dear Henry，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours truly，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear__Henry，
I am glad to know that you are keen on Confucius and Chinese culture.Confucius，whose ideas have a great impact on Chinese culture，is considered the greatest ancient educator.As an increasing number of foreigners want to learn Chinese culture，the Confucius Institutes are set up in many foreign countries.
Since I am a volunteer working in the Confucius Institute in London，I’d like to invite you to visit it at 8：00 am on Saturday，November 6.
During our visit，we can attend some Chinese classes，which will be followed by some activities such as paper-cutting and Chinese calligraphy.
I sincerely hope that you will accept this invitation.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours__truly，
Li__Hua