高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第三部分理清常用句式3.2名词性从句学案含解析

第二讲　名词性从句

考点一  主语从句

1.引导主语从句的词有：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等；连接副词 when，where，why，how。

①When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。

②That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.

从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出是亲姐妹。

③What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.

影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。

易混辨析　whether与if引导主语从句的区别：

主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。

④Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。

⑤It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。

2．it作形式主语的主语从句

(1)it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。

①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable等)＋that从句。

It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.

我不可能接受那样的帮助。

②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)＋that从句。

It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.

难怪他不想去。

③It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged等)＋that从句。

It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.

会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。

④It＋动词/动词短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，turn out，occur to，make no difference等)＋that从句。

It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.

她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。

(2)it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。

It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。

It is not immediately clear whether/if the financial crisis will soon be over.

经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2020·江苏卷]It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.

2．[2021·郑州市质量检测]But perhaps ________ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.

3．[2021·合肥市质量检测]It is estimated ________ coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, providing food，protection of shorelines，and jobs.

考点二  表语从句

1.引导表语从句的词有：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等；连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。

Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达。

I'd like to start my own business－that's what I'd do if I had the money.

我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。

2．as if/as though引导的表语从句

as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。

The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.

厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市。好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。

3．because，why引导的表语从句

because，why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型。

(1)This is because...这是因为……(强调原因)

(2)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

(3)That is why...那就是……的原因(强调结果)

From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.

从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。

The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.

他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。

名师指津　常见的表语从句句型：

(1)It looks/seems as if...好像……；仿佛……

The question/problem is whether/when/where...问题是……

(2)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that...

他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……

(3)what从句＋be＋that从句

What surprised us most was that he came late again.

最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2021·高三八校第二次联考]Another reason is ________ many of today's young people believe it's wrong to kill animals for food.

2．[2018·北京卷]This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

考点三  宾语从句

1.that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。

[全国卷Ⅰ]I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.

我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。

2．在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whether...or not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whether＋to do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。

We've offered her the job，but I don't know whether she'll accept it.

我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。

I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.

我不知道是否出发去北京。

3．连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。

We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。

4．有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。

You may depend on it that she will go with you.

你可以相信她会与你一起去。

5．当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。

I don't believe she will attend the meeting.

我认为她不会来参加该会议。

6．it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。

I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.

我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。

7．不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2020·天津卷]The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.

2．[2019·北京卷] What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go.

3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

考点四  同位语从句

1.同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。

2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。

I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.

我对自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。

I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.

我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

2．[2021·湖北部分重点中学联考]This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.

语法填空解题技法

【典例感悟】

1．[2020·浙江卷7月] Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

2．[2021·福州市毕业班适应性练习卷]However，the fact is ________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.

3．[2021·河南省高三质量检测]And ________ we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life.

4．[2021·安徽黄山二模]While visiting Hangzhou's West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills，you'll understand ________ it's been a great source of inspiration for artists，poems and philosophers throughout Chinese history.

【答题微点】

语法填空解题“3步骤”

1．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。

2．一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。

3．如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。

语法填空

[2021·昆明“三诊一模”模拟]Because of Richard Sears' enthusiasm for 1.________ (tradition) Chinese culture, he began learning Chinese in 1972. 2.________ (attract) by the ancient language, Sears often went back and forth between China and America. In 1994, after his recovery from a severe heart attack, he made a 3.________ (decide) to make the ancient Chinese characters, Jiaguwen, available online.

From then on, Sears started programming and building a database of Jiaguwen. 4.________ took him seven years to scan the characters in Chinese ancient books. In 2002, the Jiaguwen enthusiast's website 5.________ (create), though with only a few page views per day in the beginning. It rose to 600,000 per day in 2011 after a blogger recommended the site 6.________ a Chinese social media platform. “I became famous 7.________ (instant) and was given a nickname ‘Uncle Hanzi’”， Sears said with a smile. Up till now, the website has been continuously updated, 8.________ gives lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to browsing (浏览) in their free time.

At present, the 70­year­old American has made his home in China. Apart from 9.________ (take) part in some social 10.________ (activity), Sears devotes all his efforts to the study of Chinese characters.

第二讲　名词性从句

突破高考重点　点拨易错易混

考点一

1．答案与解析：whether　考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether。

2．答案与解析：what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，表示“……的事物”，所以填what。

3．答案与解析：that　考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，It在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整，所以填that。

考点二

1．答案与解析：that　考查表语从句。句意：另一个原因是，今天的许多年轻人认为为了食物而杀死动物是错误的。分析句子可知，本句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺少成分，只缺少一个引导词，此时要用that 引导表语从句。

2．答案与解析：what　句意为：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语——“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。

考点三

1．答案与解析：what　考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。此处需要用what引导宾语从句。

2．答案与解析：where　考查宾语从句。在介词than 后用where 引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要”。

3．答案与解析：who　分析句子成分，空格处作宾语从句的主语，联系下文中“me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)”可知此处作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。

考点四

1．答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句的引导词。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。

2．答案与解析：that　warning后是同位语从句，设空处后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。

刷经典试题　明晰解题技法

语法填空解题技法

1．答案与解析：what　考查名词性从句。根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。

2．答案与解析：that　考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。

3．答案与解析：what　考查名词性从句。句意：而我们现在要做的就是处理掉那些对海洋生物造成严重损害的塑料。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，故此处用连接代词what。

4．答案与解析：why　句意：当你游览杭州西湖及周围美丽的群山时，你就会懂得为什么在中国历史中那个地方一直是画家、诗人和哲学家的灵感之源。宾语从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。

对点跟踪检测　提升应试能力

语法填空

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热爱中国文化的美国人创建甲骨文网站的故事。

1．答案与解析：traditional　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词，修饰名词“Chinese culture”，作定语，所以填traditional。

2．答案与解析：Attracted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词，和句子谓语“went”之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语“Sears”构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作原因状语，所以填Attracted。

3．答案与解析：decision　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，被冠词“a”修饰，所以填decision。

4．答案与解析：It　考查代词。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，是固定句型，所以填It。

5．答案与解析：was created　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，又与句子主语“the Jiaguwen enthusiast's website”构成被动关系，故用被动结构， 即“be＋done”，且时间状语是“In 2002”，故用一般过去时的被动语态形式，又主语是第三人称单数，所以填was created。

6．答案与解析：on/by/through　考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表示“通过”的含义，所以填on/by/through。

7．答案与解析：instantly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式作状语，所以填instantly。

8．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，且在从句中作主语，代指前面整个主句，所以填which。

9．答案与解析：taking　考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故空处用动名词形式作介词短语“Apart from”的宾语，所以填taking。

10．答案与解析：activities　考查名词的单复数。activity是可数名词，且与空前的“some”呼应，故用复数形式，所以填activities。