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    词汇晨读12- 江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测

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     江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)12
    说明:①本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题;
    ②凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。
    (habit—husband)
    habit n.习惯:It’s a good habit to go for a walk after supper.晚饭后散步是个好习惯。
    As a matter of fact, breaking off/getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good
    one.事实上,改掉坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要努力。
    I know I have fallen into a bad habit and that it is causing me to do something wrong.
    我知道我养成了坏习惯,并且这个坏习惯让我做了错事。
    Reading materials intended for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of garbage
    sorting at a young age.
    儿童读物进入学校,帮助他们从小养成垃圾分类的习惯。
    A study shows that the more teenagers watch actors smoking in films, the more likely they are to get into the habit of smoking.研究表明,越多的青少年在电影中观看演员吸烟,他们就越有可能养成吸烟的习惯。
    He picked up the bad habit of smoking in the factory.在这个厂里他染上了吸烟的恶习
    hair n.头发,毛:He wears his hair long.他留长发。
    He found a few hairs in the soup.他发现汤里有几根头发。
    haircut n.(男子)理发,发型:
    You ought to have a haircut.你该理发了。
    I like your new haircut.我喜欢你的新发型。
    half adj.半,一半:We bought the book at half the price.我们半价买了这本书。
    He spends half his time watching TV.他花一半的时间看电视。
    n.半,一半:Half of ten is five.10的一半是5。
    Cut the cake in half into/halves.把蛋糕切成两半。
    adv.部分地,一半地:He was half asleep.他半醒半睡。
    【拓展】表示“一个半……”,可用“one and a half+复数名词”或用“a+单数名词+and a half”,这类结构若用作主语,其谓语的数用单数还是复数似乎尚有争议,国内出版的多数词书都认为一律要用单数,但是国外出版的大多数词书则认为应根据该结构中名词的数来决定其后谓语的数:
    One and a half years have passed.
    A year and a half has passed.已经过去一年半了。
    hall n.①门厅,过道:Hang your coat in the hall.请把你的外套挂在门厅里。
    ②大厅,礼堂:the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂
    We did our exams in the school hall.我们考试是在学校大礼堂举行的。
    ham n.火腿:two whole hams两只完整的火腿
    a slice of ham一片火腿
    hamburger n.汉堡包:The favorite food in the United States is the hamburger.在美国最受欢迎的食物是汉堡包。
    hammer n.锤子:A hammer is a sort of tool.锤子是一种工具。
    v.①用锤敲击:Hammer the nail in.把钉子钉进去。
    ②反复敲打:The police hammered the door.警察用力地拍打门。
    hand n.①手:Mary clapped her hand over her mouth as soon as she realized what she had said.
    玛丽一意识到她所说的话,她就用手捂住了她的嘴。
    He shook hands with all of us.他和我们一一握手。
    ②指针:The minute hand is longer than the hour hand.分针比时针长。
    ③人手,工人,援手:
    We are short of hands.我们人手不足。
    Peter, though a green hand, has earned not only the trust of his fellow workers but also that of his boss.
    虽然彼德还是个新手但他赢得同事及领导的信任。
    The little boy named Tom asked me to give him a hand.
    那个叫汤姆的小男孩要我帮他一把。
    I’m sorry. Had it not been for my illness, I would have come and lent you a hand.
    很抱歉。要不是我病了,我会来帮你一把的。
    【拓展】①at hand在手边,在附近,即将到来:He lives close at hand.他就住在附近。
    ②by hand用手工,用专人:The letter was written by hand.这封信是用手写的(即不是打印的)。
    by hand和with one’s hand(s)均可表示“用手”,但侧重点不同:前者与by machine(用机器)相对,后者表示“用手”,指不是“用脚”、“用棍”等:
    My shoes were made by hand.我的鞋是手工做的(即不是机器做的)。
    He stroke the child with his hand.他用手打这个小孩。
    ③in hand在手头,在进行中
    She always had a great deal of work in hand, but no one ever heard her complain. 
    她手头总有许多工作要做,但从没有人听到她发过怨言。
    ⑤hand in hand手拉手,联合:
    War is closely related to poverty since they always go hand in hand.
    战争与贫困有密切的联系,因为他们总是相伴而生。
    I saw them making their way, hand in hand, down the path.
    我看到他们手拉手沿着小路往前走去。
    ⑥on the one(other)hand一方面(另一方面):
    On the one hand, they’d love to have kids, but on the other hand they don’t want to give up
    freedom.一方面,他们想要孩子,但是另一方面,他们不想放弃自由。
    ⑦get(or be) out of hand失控,不受约束:
    Children are likely to get out of hand if no one cares about their upbringing.
    如果没有人关心他们的成长,孩子们可能会失控。
    ⑧with a high hand独断专行,强硬:
    He acted with a high hand in this matter, without even asking for anyone else’s opinion.
    他在这件事上态度独断专行/很强硬,甚至没有征求其他任何人的意见。
    ⑨put/lay one’s hands on找到:
    The laptop computer was here a moment ago, but I can’t put my hands it now.
    笔记本电脑刚刚还在这,但是现在找不到了。
    还有这些习语:get one’s hands dirty亲自动手;have one’s hands full忙的不可开交;beat sb. hands down打败某人。
    ⑩handful n.少数,少量,一把(的量):
    Only a handful of people came.只有少数几个人来了。
    I gave the beggar a handful of rice.我给了乞丐一把米。
    v.递给:Hand me the key, please.请把钥匙递给我。
    【拓展】①hand back交还
    Don’t forget to hand back your book before you leave the reading room.
    离开阅览室之前别忘了把书还回去。
    ②hand down传下来:
    The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been handed down from generation to generation.这幅画是传家之宝,它一代一代地传了下来。
    The billionaire handed down all his possessions to his son when he died.
    这位百万富翁在去世的时候,把所有的财产都遗留给了他的儿子。
    ③hand in交来,交上去(给老师或上级):
    The professor demanded that all the essays be handed in to him by Jan. 10th.
    教授要求所有的论文在1月10日前交上来。
    ④hand out散发,分发:
    The teacher handed out the examination papers.老师分发试卷。
    Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.
    不是你就是校长要在会上把奖品颁发/分发给这些有天赋的学生。
    ⑤hand over交出,让与,移交:
    She refused to hand over the door key to the landlady until she got back her deposit.
    她拒绝把门上的钥匙交给房东太太,直到她拿回押金。
    handbag n.女用皮包,手提包:Whose handbag is this?这是谁的手提包?
    handkerchief n.手帕:I saw her wipe her eyes with a handkerchief.我看见她用手帕擦眼睛。
    handle n.柄,把手:It has a free handle.它有个活动把手。
    v.①触,摸,拿:Please wash your hands before you handle food.请先洗手后拿食物。
    ②处理,对待:
    She can handle this by herself.这点事她一个人办得过来。
    It was a challenging and demanding job, but anyhow he managed to handle it appropriately.
    这是一项具有挑战性和要求很高的工作,但无论如何,他设法妥善地处理好了。
    参看词条fly1 中的fly off the handle。
    handsome adj.①(男子)英俊的:Oh, John is so handsome ,so cool!哦,约翰很英俊,真酷。
    ②(女子)标致的,健美端庄的:
    Do you describe her as beautiful or handsome?你是说她貌美还是说她健美?
    ③相当大的,可观的,优厚的:
    They will make a handsome profit on the property.他们会从这片地产中赚取丰厚的利润。
    handwriting n.书法,笔迹:Her handwriting is difficult to read.她的笔迹很难认。
    She’s the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
    她是我班书写最棒的学生。
    He looked at the envelope and recognized Jenny’s handwriting immediately.
    他看看信封,马上认出是珍妮的笔迹。
    【拓展】用于谚语:see the handwriting on the wall感到/觉察到不祥之兆
    I could see the handwriting on the wall when they called me in. 
    他们叫我进去时,我感到了不祥的预兆。
    handy adj.①便于使用的,方便的:
    Most of today’s youngsters prefer to subscribe to their favorite journals online because they think it is both trendy and handy.大多数今天的年轻人更喜欢在网上定期订购他们最喜欢的杂志,因为他们认为这种方式即流行又方便。
    ②手巧的,敏捷的:A handy man can turn his hand to anything.手巧的人什么事都能做。
    ③手边的,在附近:The shops are quite handy.商店就在附近。
    The emoticons come in handy when we want to stop a conversation, sparing us the embarrassment.
    当我们想要停止对话时,表情符号就派上用场了,这样我们就不用尴尬了。
    hang(hung, hung或hanged, hanged)v.
    ①绞死,上吊:He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died.妻子死后,他因悲伤而自缢。
    ②悬挂,吊着:
    The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.墙上挂在的那幅画是我的侄子画的。
    Can’t you see the old-fashioned gas lamp hanging from the ceiling?
    你没看到天花板上吊着的老式煤气灯吗?
    ②垂下(头):
    Embarrassed by what he said to her, Rose hung her head and her face turned red.
    萝丝为他对她说的话感到尴尬,垂下头来,脸红了。
    【拓展】①表示“绞死”时,是规则动词,过去式和过去分词均为hanged;表示“悬挂”时,为不规则动词,过去式和过去分词均为hung。
    ②由于可用作及物和不及物动词,所以下面一例用现在分词和过去分词意思差不多:
    He saw a photo hanging/hung on the wall.他看见墙上挂着一张照片。
    ③hang around/about(在……附近)闲逛,晃悠:
    On Saturdays we hang about in the park.每到星期六我们都在公园里闲逛。
    Pat and I would hang around the local bars, drinking beer and shooting pool.
    帕特和我会游荡在当地的酒吧间里,喝啤酒和打台球。
    If you hang around with colleagues all the time you just end up talking shop.
    如果整天和同事泡在一起的话,你最终就会变得开口闭口都是工作。
    ③hang on稍等,别挂断(电话),坚持下去,紧紧抓住:
    Hang on a minute—I’m nearly ready.稍等片刻,我这就完。
    It is not easy to learn English well but if you hang on, you will succeed in the end.
    学好英语不容易,但如果你坚持最后会成功的。
    Trapped in the burning building with the fierce fire totally out of control, people hung on the
    windows, signing for help.被困在着火的大楼里,猛烈的火力完全失控,人们紧紧抓住窗户,
    寻求帮助。
    ④hang up挂断电话:
    Let me speak to Melanie before you hang up.在你挂断电话之前,让我和梅兰妮说话。
    ⑤hang together相配合,互相支持,团结一致:
    We can come through any difficulty if we hang together.
    只要我们团结一致,什么困难都能克服。
    happen v.①(偶然)发生:
    An accident happened to him.他出了事。
    We will keep you informed of what will happen here.我们将把这里发生的事随时通知你。
    ②碰巧:I happened to have no money with me.=It (so) happened that I had no money with me.
    碰巧我没带钱。
    How did you happen to come across the old coin?你是如何碰巧发现那枚古币的?
    【拓展】①Do you happen to……?是一种委婉的表达:
    Do you happen to know his new telephone number?你可知道他的新电话号码?
    ②happen on/upon巧遇,偶然发现:
    He happened on the book in the bookstore.他在书店偶然发现了这本书。
    happiness n.幸福,愉快,高兴:
    The key to happiness lies in better relationships, knowledge and above all health.
    幸福的关键在于更好的人际关系、知识,尤其是健康。
    Her face was bright with happiness.她喜气洋洋。
    To her happiness, her wish was realized at last.令她高兴的是,她的愿望最终实现了。
    【拓展】其反义词为unhappiness:
    According to a recent survey women are more likely than men to take on signs of unhappiness and anxiety when in a position of great power at work.根据最近的一项调查,女性在工作中处于强势地位时,比男性更容易表现出不悦和焦虑的迹象。
    happy adj.幸福的高兴的,愉快的满意的(祝……)快乐的:
    Don’t forget the past while we are living a happy life.当我们过着幸福的生活时,不要忘记过去。
    I’m very happy to see you.见到你我很高兴。
    Are you happy with his work?你对他的工作满意吗?
    Your attitude towards life determines how happy or unhappy you are.
    你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐或不快乐。
    Happy birthday, Alice! So you have turned twenty-one already.艾丽丝,生日快乐!你已经21岁了。
    Happy New Year/Birthday.新年快乐/生日快乐!
    【拓展】注意其副词happily 在句中位置不同,意义有别:表示“幸福地”,用于修饰动词,通常紧跟在动词之后或位于句末;表示“幸亏”,用于修饰句子,通常置于句首。
    He lived happily with his family.他与他的家人幸福地生活在一起。
    Happily, the accident was prevented.幸亏事故没发生。
    harbour(Am harbor) n.港口:We reached (the) harbor at sunset.日落时我们抵达了港口。
    hard adv.①努力地:The harder you try, the better you’ll do in the exam.你学习越努力,成绩就越好。
    ②用力地:Hit the ball hard.使劲击球。
    ③猛烈地:It is raining harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
    adj. ①困难的:Everything’s hard in the beginning.万事开头难。
    ②用力的:Give it a hard push, then it will move.用力推它,它就会移动。
    ③坚硬的:This ground is too hard to dig.这块地硬得挖不动。
    ④严厉的,苛刻的:Don’t be so hard on him.别对他太苛刻了。
    hardly adv.几乎不,简直不:
    I can hardly imagine Peter accepting the decision without any consideration.
    我几乎无法想象彼得会未加任何考虑就接受了这个决定。
    I hardly ever heard him singing.我几乎从未听他唱过歌。
    The clock is hardly worth repairing.这台钟简直不值得修理。
    【拓展】①hardly ever很少(hardly若置于句首,则句子用倒装):
    He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.他很少在午夜以前就寝。
    Hardly did he sleep last night.他昨晚几乎没睡。
    ②hardly…when 一……就……(hardly若置于句首,则句子用倒装,主句要用过去完成时)=no sooner…than…:
    她刚到就下起雪来了。
    Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
    They had hardly got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
    They had no sooner got to the bus stop than the bus suddenly pulled away.
    他们刚到公共汽车站,公共汽车就突然开走了。
    No sooner had they got to the bus stop than the bus suddenly pulled away.
    还有hardly…before…的句型:
    I had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and my son rushed out to greet me.我刚一按门铃,门就突然开了,我儿子就冲出来迎接我。
    hardship n.困难,苦头,辛酸:
    Since he has gone through a lot of hardship, he looks older than his real age.
    由于他经历了很多艰难困苦,他看起来比实际年龄要老。
    My mother suffered all kinds of hardships throughout her life.我母亲一生尝到了各种辛酸.
    hardworking adj.用功的,勤勉的:
    Our school has an absolute advantage over others, for we have the most hardworking teachers and
    students.我们学校比其他学校有绝对的优势,因为我们有最勤奋的老师和学生。
    The Chinese are a hardworking and brave people.中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。
    harm n.伤害,损伤:There is no harm in trying.试一试没有害处。
    A few late nights never did anyone any harm.熬几个晚上对任何人绝无害处。
    v.伤害,损伤:One should never intend to do harm to/be harmful to others, but should always guard against the harm others might do to him.害人之心不可有,防人之心不可无。
    harmful adj.有害的,致伤的:
    Drinking too much is harmful to our health, but people seem not to care.
    喝酒太多对我们的健康有害,但是人们似乎并不在乎。
    【拓展】harmless adj.无害的,不致伤的:
    It is harmless for the health.它对健康无害。
    It’s a harmless snake.那是一条无毒蛇。
    It’s harmless to animals.这对动物无害。
    harmony n.①和睦,和谐(相处):
    All the nations, powerful or not, should be in harmony with each other.
    所有国家,无论强大与否,都应和睦相处。
    The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and
    development.中国梦是一个增强人们幸福感的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
    There used to be a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its
    surroundings.句意:在美国中心地带曾经有一个小镇,所有的生命都与环境和谐相处。
    ②和声:They sang in harmony.他们唱和声。
    【拓展】harmonious adj.友好和睦的,和谐的,协调的,谐调的:
    We are living in a harmonious community. 
    我们生活在一个和谐的社会当中。
    harvest n.①收割,收获(期):The weather changed at (the) harvest.收获时节天气变坏。
    ②收成,收获物,收获量:
    As a result of the farmers’ hardworking, they harvested the wheat this year twice as much as they did the year before.由于农民们辛劳的劳作,他们今年收获的小麦是去年的两倍。
    v.收割,收获:The farmers are out harvesting (the corn).农民们在地里收割(作物)。
    hat n. (有边的)帽子:He is wearing a hat.他戴着帽子。
    hate v.①恨,憎恨:I hate such cruelty.我憎恨这种残酷的事。
    ②不喜欢,不愿意:
    My grandfather is as energetic as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
    我祖父像年轻人一样精力充沛,不喜欢整天无所事事。
    n.憎恨,厌恶:She looked at me with hate in her eyes.她以憎恨的眼光看着我。
    【拓展】①其后可接不定式或动名词作宾语或宾语补足语:
    I hate to trouble/troubling him.我不想去麻烦他。
    I hate women smoking/to smoke.我不喜欢女人抽烟。
    ②若与would, should连用,则其后只接不定式:
    I’d hate to move to another house now.我不想现在搬到别处去。
    ③通常只用作及物动词,若后面直接跟if和when引导的状语从句,习惯上先接
    it再接从句:
    Do you hate it when they play the same song again and again over the radio?
    你讨厌他们在收音机里一遍又一遍地播放同一首歌吗?
    I hate it if you say such things in public.我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
    ④hate to say it:
    I hate to say it, but she’s really impolite.我真不想这么说,但她真的很没有礼貌。
    I hate to say it, but it’s true.我不想多嘴,但的确是这样。
    Well, I hate to say it, but that was a colossal failure!
    嗨,我讨厌提这事,可那实在是个巨大的失败!
    ⑤hateful adj.可恶的,十分讨厌的,充满憎恨的:
    He is really hateful to me.他真的令我讨厌。
    I’m sorry. That was a hateful remark to say.对不起,我不该说那么充满憎恨的话。
    ⑥hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶:
    There was fear and hatred in his voice.他的声音里透露着恐惧和仇恨。
    The naked hatred in the woman’s face shocked me.
    那位女士一脸毫不掩饰的憎恨让我震惊。
    have(has, had, had) v.
    ①有,拥有,具有:She has got a good memory.她记性很好。
    ②吃,喝,吸(烟):We usually have a sandwich for lunch.我午饭时通常吃块三明治。
    ③进行,从事:May I have the first dance (with you)?我可以请你跳第一个舞吗?
    ④忍受,允许:I won’t have it.我受不了。
    ⑤拿,受,取得,体验:She had a good education.她受过良好教育。
    ⑥经历,遭受:She has got a bad headache.她头痛得厉害。
    ⑦让,使:I had my hair cut.我理了发。/ I had them all laughing at my jokes.我的笑话使他们捧腹大笑。
    ⑧(用作助动词构成完成式):He has lived here since 1990.1990年以来他一直住在这里。
    ⑨(构成虚拟语气):If I had been present, I should have corrected him to his face.
    如果我当时在现场,我会当面纠正他。
    【拓展1】①have on穿着,戴着,有安排,有计划:
    He had nothing on except a hat.他身上一丝不挂,只是戴了顶帽子。
    I have nothing on for tonight.我今晚没什么事。
    ②have(got)to不得不,必须:
    We don’t have to haven’t got to get up early tomorrow.我们明天不必早起。
    【拓展2】表示“使”、“让”时,注意以下相似结构的用法区别:
    ①have sb. do sth.叫(请,使)某人做某事,容忍或允许某人做某事:
    He had his son clean the car.他叫他的儿子擦车。
    I won’t have you tell me what to do.我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。
    (该结构中的动词do不能带to,比较:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。)
    ②have sb.(sth.)doing sth.使(让)某人(某物)一直做在做某事;容忍或允许某人做某事;说服或命令某人做某事:
    He had the light burning all night.他让灯亮了一整夜。
    He won’t have boys arriving late.他不允许孩子们迟到。
    He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.他叫我为她做各种事情。
    ③have sth. done请(让)别人做某事;经历或遭遇某情况;完成或解决某事:
    We had the machine repaired.我们请人修理了机器。
    I had my watch stolen yesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。
    I’ve had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。
    We won’t have anything said against the Party.我们不允许有人这样攻击党。
    he pron.①他:He must be more careful.他必须更仔细。
    ②它(指雄性动词):Be careful of that dog-he sometimes bites.小心那只狗,它有时会咬人。
    ③人,那个人:Everyone should do what he considers best.人人都应做他认为最好的事。
    head n.①头:My head aches.我头疼。
    ②头脑,才智:Use your head.动动脑子。
    ③首脑,头目:
    The manager and heads of the sections will spend the morning locked in the meeting room, discussing the problems they are facing.经理和各部门的头头整个上午都在开闭门会议,讨论他们面临的问题。
    v.①站在……前头,率领:His name heads the list.他名列前茅。
    ②出发,(船等)驶向:
    We headed him towards the field.我们让他朝田野走。
    —Where are you heading for?你出发去哪儿?
    —I’m going to the airport to pick up my friend. 我要去机场接我的朋友。
    【拓展】用于谚语:hit the nail on the head, laugh one’s head off:
    Your analysis really hit the nail on the head.你的分析确实一针见血。
    You really hit the nail on the head with that remark.您这一句话算是说到点子上了。
    He had hit the nail on the head.他击中了问题的要害。
    He laughed his head off when he read the comic.这篇漫画令他笑到肚痛。
    In the sad part, the dog cried his eyes out, and in the funny part, the dog laughed its head off. 
    当遇到悲伤的情节时,这只狗失声痛哭,而在搞笑的部分,它就狂笑不止。
    headache n.①头疼:Just when we are going to have a holiday, my little son must have a headache.
    当我们要去度假的时候,我的小儿子偏偏头疼。
    ②头疼的事:Trying to make her eat is one big headache.想设法让她吃饭是令人头痛的事。
    headline n.①(报刊的)大字标题(头条新闻):
    While the price of food and oil hit the headline, perhaps we should be worried more about water.
    虽然食品和石油价格成为头条新闻,但或许我们应该更加担心水的问题。
    ②(常用复)新闻内容提要:Here are news headlines.以下是新闻内容提要。
    headmaster/mistress n.(英)中小学校长/女校长:
    I believe she has some influence with the headmaster--she might persuade him.
    我相信她的话在校长面前有一些分量,她有可能说服他。
    It is said that the headmistress hired three months ago will soon be fired.
    据说三个月前聘用的女校长很快就会被解雇。
    health n. ①健康(状况):
    Keep your child off drugs, or it will lead many serious health and behavior problems.
    让你的孩子远离毒品,否则它会导致很多严重的健康和行为问题。
    He is in good (poor) health.他身体健康(不好)。
    Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。
    ②(敬酒时用语):Here is to your health.祝你健康!
    healthy adj.健康的,健壮的有益于健康的,有益于身心的:
    Many seniors attend evening schools, believing that it helps to keep the brain active and the body
    healthy.很多老人都在夜校上课,认为这样做可以保持思维敏捷和身体健康。
    hear(heard, heard) v.
    ①听(见):John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much.
    约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时的话。我以前从未听过他说那么多话。
    ②听说,得知:I hear (that) she has gone to the south.我听说她到南方去了。
    【拓展】①hear about听说,得知:
    I’ve never heard about this.我从未听人说起过这件事。
    ②hear from从……听来,收到……的来信:
     Mike, I hear from Alice you’re getting married. Congratulations!
    迈克,我听艾丽丝说你要结婚了。祝贺你!
    We are looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
    我们期待着尽快收到你的来信。
    ③hear of听说,了解:Have you ever heard of him?你听说过他吗?
    —When did you last year hear from Bossimi?
    —You must make a mistake I have never heard of such a person.
    “你去年什么时候收到波西米的来信的?”
    “你一定是搞错了吧!我从没听说过这样的一个人。”
    ④在“hear+宾语+动词(作宾语补足语)”结构中,用作宾补的动词可以是动词原形(不带to的不定式)、现在分词(表示动作正在进行)、过去分词(表示与其前的宾语有被动关系):
    I heard him sing/singing.我听见他唱歌。
    I heard your name called, Jim.吉姆,我听见叫你的名字了。
    (但是在被动语态中,不定式要带to:She was heard to say so.有人听见她这样说。)
    hearing n.①听力:His hearing is very sharp.他的听觉很灵敏。
    ②听力范围之内:Don’t talk about it in his hearing.不要在他听得见的地方说这件事。
    heart n.①心,心脏:My heart beats fast (slow).我的心跳得快(慢)。
    ②心地,心情,心肠,感情:
    No one can be more warm-hearted; he has a heart of gold.没有人比他更热心了,他有一颗金子般的心。
    ③核心,中心,实质,要点:The heart of the problem is supply and demand.问题的核心是供求关系。
    【拓展】①learn/know by heart默记地,记下:
    Whoever wants to study English well must learn the ways by heart.
    任何想学好英语的人都必须牢记这些方法。
    You have to know all the music by heart.你得把整个曲子都记住。
    ②heart and soul全心全意地,全部心思地,完全地:
    He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul, regardless of his personal gain
    and loss.他通过全心全意为人民服务,为大家树立了榜样,不计个人得失。
    ③lose heart灰心:Don’t lose your heart. Try again, and you will succeed.
    不要灰心。再试一次,你就会成功。
    ④lose one’s heart to倾心于,爱上:
    She lost her heart to the soldier with the broad shoulders and the deep voice. 
    她倾心于那个肩膀宽阔,声音深沉的战士。
    ⑤warm/kind-hearted热/好心(肠)的:
    A warm-hearted man acted as a go-between for him and introduced him to a girl.
    一个热心人牵线搭桥给他介绍了一位姑娘。
    She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.
    她是一位好心肠的女士常常对那些处于困境中的人们表示出同情。 
    heat n.热,热度,高温:
    The sun from which we get heat and light is the most important source of energy.
    我们获得热和光的太阳是最重要的能源。
    Metals melt with heat.金属在高温下熔化。
    v.变热,把……加热:
    We’ll heat some milk for(the)coffee.我们会热一些牛奶来冲咖啡。
    After a heated discussion, they still don’t know at all what he is working on.
    经过激烈的讨论,他们仍然一点也不知道他在做什么。
    heaven n.①(常用复)天空:
    Just as the game started, the heavens opened and it poured with rain.
    球赛刚一开始,天门就大开,大雨倾盆而下。
    ②(只用单)上帝,神:
    It was the will of Heaven.这是天意。
    Heaven knows!天晓得!
    【拓展】Good Heavens!(表惊奇):Good Heavens! I’ve won£100!天呀!我赢了100英镑!
    heavy adj.①重的:Lead is a heavy metal.铅是重金属。
    He was absent because he had caught a heavy cold.他因患重感冒而缺席。
    ②繁重的,沉重的:
    We can hardly imagine Tom finishing the heavy task in a single day.
    我们很难想象汤姆在一天内完成这项繁重的任务。
    Heavy debts have left the firm faced with an economic squeeze in the financial crisis.
    沉重的债务使这家公司在金融危机中面临经济紧缩。
    ③大的,大量的:
    The fog was very heavy and consequently all the flights were cancelled.
    这场雾很大,因此所有的航班都被取消了。
    The traffic was very heavy this morning.今天上午交通非常拥挤。
    height n.高,高度:Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
    接近市中心时,我们看见一个高10米的石像。
    The aircraft was gaining height.飞机在不断升高。
    helicopter n.直升飞机:We decided to go by helicopter.我们决定乘直升飞机前往。
    hell n.地狱,苦难的经历,悲惨的境况:
    My back’s giving me hell, let me tell you! 告诉你吧,我的背可让我受够罪了!
    Whatever the outcome, it’s going to be one hell of a fight.不管结果如何,这都会是场艰苦的战斗。
    【拓展】用于俗语:go to hell完蛋,滚开/蛋,下地狱,见鬼去吧:
    “Well, you can go to hell!” He swept out of the room. 
    “嘿,你给我有多远滚多远!”他昂首阔步走出了房间。
    Stop telling me what to do—You can go to hell!对我说怎么办你见鬼去吧!
    hello interj.喂,你好:Hello! This is Mr.Brown speaking.喂!我是布朗。
    n.(表问候):Say hello to your mother.= ell your mother “hello” for me.代我问候你母亲。
    helmet n.头盔:Motor cyclists in Britain must wear helmets.在英国骑摩托车必须戴头盔。
    help n.①帮助,帮忙,援助:But for your help, we could not have finished such hard work in time.
    要不是有你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成这么艰巨的任务。
    ②帮手,有益的事物:He was a great help to me when I was ill.我生病的时候他可帮了大忙了。
    v.①帮助,帮忙,援助:
    As is often the case, he stays at home at the weekend, helping his parents with the housework.
    周末他待在家里帮父母做家务,这是常有的事。
    ②替(某人或自己)取(食物,饮料等):He helps himself to some tea.他自己动手弄点茶喝。
    ③促进,助长:Trade helps the development of industry.贸易促进工业的发展。
    【拓展】①cannot help忍不住,禁不住:
    People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor in the procession.
    人们情不自禁地嘲笑那位愚蠢的国王。
    can’t help doing sth.与can’t help to do sth.:前者表示“禁不住做某事”,后者表示“不能帮助做某事”:
    I’m too busy, and I can’t help to do the work.我太忙了,不能帮忙做这工作。
    ②cannot help but不得不,无奈:
    They cannot help but admit that the Chinese people are a great people. 
    他们不得不承认,中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
    I cannot help but often think of my parents.我禁不住经常想到我的父母。
    ③with one’s help/with the help of在某人的帮助下:
    With the help of my teacher/With the my teacher’s help, I have caught up with others.
    在老师的帮助下,我赶上了其他人。
    ④help yourself自取,随便吃,不用客气:
    If you are hungry, please help yourself. 你若饿了,请您随便吃。
    —May I use your dictionary?I’m stuck in the sentence.
    —It’s just on my desk Help yourself.
    “可以用你的字典吗?这个句子把我卡住了。”
    “字典就在我的桌子上,请自便。”
    ⑤helpless adj.无助的:
    He lay helpless on the floor.他无助地躺在地板上。
    ⑥help out帮忙,帮助,帮助摆脱困境:
    I don’t work here full-time. I am just helping out temporarily.
    我不是全职在这里工作。我只是暂时帮忙的。
    We are glad to do what we can do to help you out.我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。
    helpful adj.有帮助的,有益的:
    He’s always very helpful to his mother.他一向都是母亲的得力帮手。
    Ann has been most helpful to me;in fact I don’t know what I should have done without her.
    安对我帮助很大,事实上,我不知道没有她我该怎么办。
    【拓展】下面两句所用介词不同,含义不同:
    It was helpful of you to do that.你那样做可帮了大忙。
    It’s helpful for you to do that.那样做对你是有帮助的。
    hen n.母鸡:Hens lay eggs.母鸡下蛋。
    her pron.她(宾格),她的(所有格):
    I went in the room and told her I had something to say to her.我走进房间,告诉她我有话要和她说。
    She dreamed about her baby.她梦见了她的宝宝。
    herb n.草本植物,草药:No herb will cure love.相思病无药可治。
    here adv.①这里,在这里,向这里:She’ll stay here for a week.她将在这里待一星期。
    ②(用于句首并引出倒装):Here comes the bus. Let’s get on.车来了,咱们上去吧。
    Here it comes!它来了!
    ③在这点上:Here we agree.在这一点上我们意见一致。
    【拓展】here and there到处:There were people here and there along the beach.海滩上到处是人。
    hero n.①英雄,勇士:I don’t want to be an unknown hero.我不想当无名英雄。
    ②男主角,男主人公:She asked the author if she had modeled her hero on anybody in particular.
    她问作者书中的男主人公是否是以某个人为原型。
    heroine n.①女英雄,女豪杰:The heroine dies at the end of the movie.电影中的女英雄在最后死了。
    ②女主角,女主人公:The heroine is a senior TV executive.女主角是一名电视台的高级主管。
    The hero said to the heroine, “I will wait for you till the end of the world.”
    男主人公对女主人公说:“我一定会等你到地老天荒。”
    hers pron.(名词性物主代词)她的:His hand as it shook hers was warm and firm.和她握手时他的手温暖而有力。
    herself pron.(反身代词)她自己:
    How can anyone blame her for actions for which she feels herself to be in no way responsible? 
    她认为自己对这些行动不负有责任,别人怎么还能因此而责备她呢?
    hesitate v.踌躇,犹豫:
    He hesitated about joining the expedition.他对于是否参加远征队犹豫不决。
    She hesitated at the gate of the canteen, wondering whether to enter or not.
    她在食堂门口犹豫起来,不知道要不要进去。
    Don’t hesitate to phone if you have any problems.如有问题,请随时来电查询。
    【拓展】without(any)hesitation毫不犹豫:
    Seeing that the drowning child was struggling in the icy water, the soldier dived into the river without hesitation, regardless of his own safety.看那溺水的孩子在冰冷的水中挣扎,那位战士跳入河中没有丝毫的犹豫,不顾自己的安全。
    hi interj.喂,你好!,嗨:
    “Hi, Liz,” she said shyly. “你好,利兹,”她腼腆地说。
    Hi! How are you doing? 嗨!你近来怎么样?
    hide(hid, hidden) v.把……藏起来,隐藏:
    The moon was hidden by clouds.月亮被乌云遮蔽了。
    She tried to hide her feelings.她设法掩藏她的感情。
    I have absolutely nothing to hide, I have done nothing wrong.我绝对没有什么好隐瞒的,我没有做错什么。
    high adj.①高的:The building is nine stories high.那座楼有九层高。
    He studied hard and got high marks.他学习努力,因此得了高分。
    ②高级的,高等的:a high school 高级中学 higher education 高等教育
    adv.高高地:They climbed high up the tree.他们爬树爬得很高。
    【拓展】high与highly的辨析:
    两者均可表示“高”,但high通常表示具体的高,且主要修饰动词;highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”),除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, think of等)外,还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very much):
    He climbed high.他爬得很高。
    They thought very highly of him.他们对他评价很高。
    It’s highly likely that he will succeed.很可能他会成功。
    It was highly confidential.这是高度机密的。
    The industry of France was not yet highly developed.那时法国的工业尚未高度发展。
    highway n.公路,大道:
    It is reported that a bus went out of control on a highway south of the city last night.
    据报道昨天晚上在城南的高速公路上有一辆公共汽车失控了。
    The new highway will reduce the driving time to the beach.新建公路将缩短驾车前往海滩的时间。
    hill n.①小山,丘陵:The house is on the side of a hill.那所房子坐落在山坡上。
    ②土堆,斜坡:I pushed my bike up the hill.我推着自行车上山坡。
    him pron.(宾格)他,它(雄性):
    John’s aunt died suddenly and left him a surprisingly large sum 
    约翰的婶婶突然去世了,留给他一笔巨额财产。
    My brother had a lovely dog. I looked after him for about a week. 
    我哥哥有一只可爱的狗。我照看了它约一周。
    himself pron.(反身代词)他自己:
    He poured himself a whisky and sat down in the chair.他给自己倒了一杯威士忌,然后坐在椅子上。
    hire v.租用,雇用:
    To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.租车须出示护照及有效驾照。
    It became increasingly expensive to hire casual workers.雇用临时工越来越贵了。
    【拓展】hire oneself out打工,受雇于人:
    Farmers used to hire themselves out for the summer.农民们过去经常整个夏天在外面打工.
    his pron.①(所有格)他的:
    He spent a large part of his career in Hollywood.
    他的职业生涯中有很长一段时间是在好莱坞度过的。
    ②(物主代词)他的,他的东西:
    This is the last thing of his I have about me.这是我身边最后一样他的东西了!
    ③(泛指一般人):Everyone must do his best.人人都应尽全力。
    historic adj.历史上最著名的,有历史意义的:
    The historic building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings. 
    这座历史建筑和这些画一样,都是留给我们的文化遗产的一部分。
    He described Britain’s entry into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism as an historic move. 
    他将英国加入欧洲汇率机制描述为具有历史意义的一步。
    historical adj. (有关)历史的,历史研究的,历史题材的:
    He is writing a historical novel about nineteenth-century France. 
    他正在写一本描述十九世纪法国的历史小说。
    The central section of the book is a historical overview of drug use. 
    该书的核心部分对毒品的使用作了历史概述。
    I would rather study history than geography because I can learn a lot from many historical figures.
    我宁可学历史也不愿意学习地理因为我可以从很多历史人物身上学到很多。
    【拓展】historic与historical的区别:
    ①historic 主要指历史上有名或具有历史意义,侧重强调其影响性:
    a historic character 历史名人 a historic building 具有历史意义的建筑
    Proper measures should be taken immediately to preserve our historic and cultural
    heritage.必须立即采取适当的措施保护历史文化遗产。
    ②historical 主要指历史上发生过或存在过的,侧重强调其真实性:
    a historical novel 历史小说 a historical character 历史人物
    It’s unfair to judge historical events by today’s standards.
    以今天的标准来评判历史事件是不公平的。
    The historical site opened as a public park three years ago and now it attracts a constant stream of visitors every day.这个历史遗址三年前作为公共公园开放,现在每天都吸引着源源不断的游客。
    ③有时同一个名词,用两者修饰都可以,但含义不同:我们说历史上某一次战斗是 a historic event,那是说这次战斗在历史上有名或有影响;同时也可以说它是 a historical event,那是说它在历史上的确发生过。
    history n.①历史,历史学:It was an important moment in history.那是历史上的重要时刻。
    ②(用单数)来历,经历:This sword has a strange history.这剑有一段奇怪的来历。
    hit(hit, hit) v.①打,打击,击中:I was hit by a falling stone.我被落下的石块击中了。
    ②撞,碰撞:
    The truth, Sir, is that the old man was walking across the street when my car hit him.
    先生,事实是那个老人正在过马路,突然我的车撞上了他。
    His head hit against the wall.他的头撞在墙上。
    ③抵达,到达:
    The number of space launches from China this year has hit 37.
    今年中国发射的航天飞机数量已达37艘。
    ④袭击,侵袭:
    Thick hazes have been continuing to hit some cities recently, the airport closed temporarily.最近,重
    度雾霾继续袭击一些城市,机场临时关闭了。
    n.①打,打击,碰撞:
    Give it a good hit.用力打它一下。
    Having suffered another hit in his business, Mr. Green hasn’t got the courage to try again.
    格林先生的生意又遭受了打击,没有勇气再试一次。
    ②很受欢迎的人(或事):
    Her new series is a smash hit.她的新系列节目极为成功,引起轰动。
    The song became a massive hit in 1945.这首歌在1945年风靡大江南北。
    【拓展】It hit sb. that 主语+谓语+其他.=It occurred to sb. that主语+谓语+其他:某人突然想起……:。
    It hit me that I had forgotten his birthday.我突然想起我忘了他的生日。
    参看上面的hit the nail on the head。
    hobby n.业余爱好,嗜好:
    He has a good hobby.他有良好的业余爱好。
    Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。
    I have no particular hobby.我没什么特别的嗜好。
    hold(held, held) v.
    ①拿,抱,握:The mother held the child tightly in her grasp.母亲把孩子紧紧抱住。
    ②召开,举行,进行:
    Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the work plan next year.
    比尔建议就明年的工作计划开个会。
    ③容纳:This room can hold 50 people.这个房间可以容纳50人。
    ④持续,耐久:How long will this good weather hold?这好天气将继续多久?
    n.(用单数)掌握,把握:Take/Get/Catch hold of the rope, and we’ll pull you up.抓住绳子,我们把你拉下来。
    【拓展】①hold back阻止……前进,抑制:
    No one can hold back the wheel of the history.谁也阻挡不了历史的车轮。
    The police held back the crowd.警察把人群拦住了。
    You seem to be holding something back. 你好像隐瞒了点什么。
    ②hold on继续,等一等,别挂断(电话),坚持:
    If you hold on for a mount, I’ll get him for you.请你等一会儿,别挂断,我去找他。
    Being able to shine on a stage will for sure serve as a great inspiration for their future careers if they hold on.如果他们能坚持下去,能够在舞台上大放异彩肯定会给他们未来的职业生涯带来巨大的鼓舞。
    ③hold out伸出,坚持,递过来,拿出:
    “I’m Nancy Drew,” she said, holding out her hand.“我是南希·德鲁,”她伸出手来说。
    He can only hold out a few more weeks.他只能再坚持几周了。
    Max held out his cup for a refill.马克斯递过杯子来要再续一杯。
    Mary wasn’t satisfied with the blue dress, so the shopkeeper held out another dress for
    her to try on.玛丽对蓝裙子不满意,所以店员拿出了另一条让她试。
    ④hold up阻滞,耽搁:
    I was held up in the rush hour for nearly an hour.交通高峰时我因堵车而耽搁了将近一个小时。
    另外hold off推迟,拖延,抵挡:
    Could you hold off your decision until next week? 你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗?
    The soldiers managed to hold off the enemy.战士兵们抵挡住了敌人的进攻。
    hole n.洞,坑:The men have dug a hole in the road.这些人在路上挖了个洞。
    holiday n.假日,假期:
    After all that hard work, you really deserve a holiday.在辛苦了这么长时间之后,你真得好好度个假了。
    The typist is away on holiday this week.打字员本周休假。
    holy adj.圣洁的,神圣的,上帝的:
    It has been said that Mona Lisa’s smile was so pleasing that it seemed holy rather than human.
    据说蒙娜丽莎的微笑如此迷人,以至于它看起来是神而不是人。
    The Bible is the holy book of Christians.《圣经》是基督徒的关于上帝的书。
    home n.①家:The nurse visits patients in their homes.护士对病人进行家访。
    ②家乡,故乡:
    She was born in England, but she now looks on Hong Kong as her home.
    她生于英国,但现在把香港当作她的家乡。
    Australia is home to/the home of kangaroos.澳洲是袋鼠的家园。
    adv.到家,回家,在家:What time did you arrive home last night?昨天晚上你几点钟回家的?
    【拓展】①at home在家,在家会客:
    I would rather stay at home than go out at the weekend.
    周末我宁愿待在家里也不愿意出去。
    He’s in, but he’s not at home.他在家,但他不会客。
    ②be/feel at home觉得舒适,精通:He doesn’t feel at home here.他在这儿感到不习惯。
    ③homeless adj.无家可归的,露宿风餐:
    The scheme has been set up to help homeless people.这个计划的目的是帮助无家可归的人。
    After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation
    for the homeless families.
    地震之后,当地政府所做的第一件事情就是给那些无家可归的人提供住处。
    ④homesick adj.想家的,患思乡病的,其名词为homesickness:
    She’s feeling a little homesick.她有点想家。
    A letter from his mother set off an attack of homesickness.
    来自他母亲的一封信引发了他的思家之情。
    homeland n.祖国:Many are planning to return to their homeland.很多人正计划回到自己的祖国去。
    hometown n.家乡,故乡:My hometown has changed so much that I can hardly recognize it. 
    家乡变化太大了,我几乎认不出来了。
    homework n.家庭作业:The children have too much homework to do.孩子们家庭作业太多。
    honest adj.诚实的,坦诚的:
    You’d better make friends with those who are honest.你最好和诚实的人交朋友。
    It was honest of you to tell me your troubles.你很坦诚,把你的苦衷告诉了我。
    To be honest, she had a great affection for the small town where she grew up.
    老实说,她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。
    【拓展】①honesty n.诚实的,坦诚的:
    What moved us most was his honesty.最让我们感动的是他的诚实。
    ②dishonest adj.不诚实的,不坦诚的:
    A farmer claimed to have photographed a rare South China tiger in the wild with a digital camera last year, but it turned out to be a dishonest trick.一位农民声称去年用数码相机拍摄了一只野生华南虎,但结果证明这是一个不诚实的把戏。
    honey n.①蜂蜜:It’s as sweet as honey.它像蜜一样甜。
    ②亲爱的:You have been practicing this song all the afternoon. Take a break, honey.
    整个下午你都在唱这首歌。休息一下,亲爱的。
    honour(Am honor)
    n.①荣誉,光荣:I consider it an honour to be allowed to view this artist’s private art collection.
    我很荣幸能参观这位艺术家的私人艺术收藏。
    ②尊敬,敬意:They stood in silence as a mark of honor to her.他们肃立向她致敬。
    v.尊敬,给予荣誉:I’m honored that you should remember me.你竟然记得我,使我感到荣幸。
    【拓展】①do sb. honor/do honor to sb.对某人表示敬意或纪念:
    We attended his birthday party to do him honor.=We attended his birthday party to do honor to him.我们参加了他的生日晚会以表示对他的敬意。
    ②do sb. the honor of doing/to do sth.给某人面子做某事,给某人做某事的荣幸:
    Would you do me the honor of dancing with me?
    =Would you do me the honor to dance with me?能请你跳曲舞吗?
    ③have the honor of doing/to do sth.有幸做某事或荣幸地做某事:
    That year I had the honor of being admitted into the Party.那一年我荣幸地被接受入了党。
    ④in honor of为向……表示敬意,为纪念……,为祝贺……,为了欢迎……,为招待……:
    We had a party in honor of his birthday.为了祝贺他的生日我们举行了一个晚会。
    The square was so named in honor of a famous black leader in history.
    这个广场是以纪念历史上一位著名的黑人领袖而命名的。
    hook n.钩子:Hang your coat on the hook.把你的外套挂在那钩子上。
    v.用钩钓住,挂到钩上:
    Hook it over that nail.把它挂在那个钉子上。
    He could easily be hooked.他容易上钩。
    【拓展】be hooked on迷上,痴迷:
    Tommy, you mustn’t be hooked on the Internet all day. You may fall behind others in study.
    汤米,你千万不能整天都痴迷于上网。你可能在学习上落后与他人。
    hope n.希望:I think that the twenty-first century will bring us more hopes.
    我认为二十一世纪会带给我们更多的希望。
    v.希望:We all hope that you can put forward a better plan than this one.
    我们都希望你能够提出一个比这个更好的计划。
    【拓展】①have hopes/the hope of doing sth.有做某事的希望:
    He has hopes/the hope of winning.他对胜利充满信心。
    ②in the hope of doing sth./in hopes of doing sth.希望做某事:
    He came in the hope of seeing her.=He came in hopes of seeing her.
    他来是希望能见到她。
    ③hope可接不定式作宾语,但不接不定式的复合结构,即可说hope to do sth.,但不能说hope sb. to do sth.,如不说 I hope him to go with us,可改为I hope that he will go with us.或I hope for him to go with us.
    ④hope可用作及物动词,后接宾语从句,但不接名词或代词作宾语,遇此情况可用hope for:We are hoping for good weather.我们希望有好天气。
    ⑤表示做某事的希望,用作名词的hope可接of doing sth.,但不接不定式,如可说 I have no hope of going (我没有去的希望),但不说I have no hope to go。
    ⑥hope so/hope not希望如此/不希望如此:
    —Will you be able to finish your report today? 今天你能完成你的报告吗?
    —I hope so.我希望如此。
    —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?你的票没有丢,是吗?
    —I hope not. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
    我希望不会的。我知道现在在买张票很不容易。
    hopeful adj.有希望的,有前途的:
    I’m still hopeful that he will come.我仍然相信他会来。
    We are hopeful about the future.我们对未来充满希望。
    hopeless adj.①没有希望的,不可救药的:
    It seems to be a hopeless case.看来没有希望了。
    The lawyers said it was a hopeless case.律师们说这个案件已经无可挽回。
    ②无用的,无益的:Your work is hopeless.你的工作一无是处。
    【拓展】hopelessness n.失望,不抱希望的,绝望:
    Why did he now feel this sense of confusion, doubt and hopelessness?
    为什么他会感到惆怅,疑虑和失望?
    She had a feeling of hopelessness about the future.她对未来感到绝望。
    horrible adj.①令人恐惧的,可怕的:
    The horrible accident resulted from his carelessness of drunk driving.
    可怕的事故是由于他酒后驾驶。
    ②令人讨厌的,糟透的:This medicine tastes horrible.这种药味道难吃极了。
    【拓展】①horrify v.使震惊,使感到恐怖:
    The whole country was horrified by the killings.全国都对这些凶杀案感到大为震惊。
    It horrified her to think that he had killed someone.
    一想到他杀过人,她就感到毛骨悚然。
    ②horror n. 恐惧,恐怖,可怕的事物:
    The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and that of the Japanese towards their prisoners, filled everyone with horror.德国人对犹太人的残忍和日本人对囚犯的残忍使每个人都充满了恐惧。
    They backed off in horror.他们心怀恐惧地退缩了。
    To his horror, the bus caught fire.使他惊恐的是,公共汽车着了火。
    horse n.马:Can you ride a horse?你会骑马吗?
    I’m pleased to hear that Tom won the championship yesterday. Believe it or not, I dreamed that he became a dark horse the night before.很高兴听说汤姆昨天赢得了冠军。不论你信不信,我前一天晚上还梦见他成了一匹黑马呢。
    hospital n.医院:I’m going to the hospital to visit my uncle.我要去医院看望我的叔叔。
    host n.主人,东道主,节目主持人:
    Before leaving the house, an expression of thanks to the host would be in place.
    在离开家之前,要向主人表达感谢。
    Being a good game-show host means getting to know your contestants. 
    要想做一个优秀的游戏节目主持人就要了解你的参赛选手。
    v.举办,主持:Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, which is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.北京将举办2022年冬奥会,它是第一个既举办了夏季奥运会又举办冬季奥运会的第一个城市。
    hostess n.女主人:He thanked his hostess before he left the party.他在离开晚会时向女主人道了谢。
    hot adj.热的:Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
    几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在大热天喝一杯冷饮。
    参看词条collar中的hot under the collar。
    hotdog n.热狗:There is a hot dog shop around there.这附近有一家卖热狗的商店。
    hotel n.旅馆,饭店,宾馆,酒店:
    This is a five-star hotel.这是一家五星级宾馆。
    hour n.①小时:An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.(谚)一日之计在于晨。
    ②一小时所行的路程:The city is two hours away.该城离此两小时路程。
    ③时间,时刻:the rush hour交通拥挤时刻 office hours办公时间 business hours 营业时间
    【拓展】by the hour按小时,按钟点:He was paid by the hour.他按钟点领薪。
    house n.①房子,住宅 ②家:We’re having dinner at Jenny’s house tonight.我们今天晚上在珍妮家吃饭。
    household n.家庭,一家人:Many poor households are experiencing real hardship.
    很多贫穷家庭正经历严重的困难。
    adj.家喻户晓的,家庭的,家内的,一家的,日常的,家常的:
    The company, a household name in the States, has a firm foothold in the British market. 
    这家美国国内家喻户晓的公司在英国市场上站稳了脚跟。
    With WeChat Pay coming into widespread use, our household bills are convenient to pay.
    随着微信支付的广泛使用,我们的家庭账单支付变得很方便。
    housewife n.家庭主妇:The cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice.巧妇难为无米之炊。
    housework n.家务活:She does all the housework herself.她亲自做一切家务。
    how adv.①怎样,如何,怎么:She didn’t know how to answer.她不知道该怎么回答。
    ②多……:Tell me how old is he.告诉我他多大年级。
    ③多么:How well he speaks! 他说得多好!
    【拓展】①how about……怎么样:How about having a rest?休息一会儿怎么样?
    ②how many多少:
    How many students are there in this class?这个班有多少学生?
    ③how much多少:How much is the coat?这件上衣多少钱?
    ④how long对时间长短提问,与完成时连用;how soon多久以后,与将来时连用;how far对距离提问;how often对频率提问:
    How long have you been employed at this job? 你受雇做这个工作有多久了?
    How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来?
    How far is it to the station? 到车站有多远?
    How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久来一次?
    ⑤How do you do?你好!(用于初次见面)
    however adv.可是,无论多么,无论如何:
    At first she didn’t agree. However, she changed her mind later.
    她最初不同意,可是后来她改变了主意。
    This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, however much it may cost.
    这是一本非常有趣的书。不管花多少钱我都会买。
    conj.不管怎样,无论以何种方式:However you use it, it won’t break.不管你怎么用,它都不用坏。
    【拓展】①用作副词且位于两个之间表示“可是”时,其前通常用句号或分号,其后通常用逗号;若位于句中,则前后均用逗号:
    He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.他还未到,不过,他可能过一会儿来。
    ②表示“无论多么”时,其词序通常是“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”:
    You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
    无论之前取得何等辉煌的成就,都应该不断努力进取。
    hug v.①紧抱,搂抱:
    People in China don’t like hugging each other when meeting, which is a common practice in some
    European countries.中国人不喜欢见面时互相拥抱,这在一些欧洲国家是司空见惯的做法。
    ②靠近走,紧靠:The road hugs the river.道路紧靠河边。
    n.搂抱:He gave her a hug.他给了她一个拥抱。
    huge adj.巨大的,庞大的:Canada is a huge country.加拿大是一个幅员辽阔的国家。
    human adj.①人的,人类的:It’s beyond human power.这是人力所不能及的。
    ②有人性的,通人情的:
    The President has been accused of lacking the human touch.总统被指责不近人情。
    n.人(=human being):
    All human beings are much more intelligent than animals.所有的人都比动物聪明得多。
    human being n.人类:Human beings have lived on earth for thousands of years.人类在地球上已经生存数千年了。
    humorous adj.富于幽默感的,幽默的,可笑的:
    Around this point develops the story, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.
    故事围绕这一点展开,让其充满幽默和本土气息。
    humour(Am humor) n.
    ①幽默,幽默感:Dave has a good sense of humour.戴夫很有幽默感。
    ②心情,情绪:He is in a good(bad)humor.他心情好(不好)。
    hunger n.①饥饿,饥荒:They died of/from cold and hunger.他们因饥寒交迫而死。
    ②渴望,盼望:He has a hunger for success.他渴望成功。
    【拓展】hunger for渴望:
    It’s terrible to hunger for news when the family’s letters don’t arrive!
    当家里的信还没有到的时候,渴望得到消息是多么可怕啊!故选B。
    hungry adj.(饥)饿的,渴望的:You must be hungry after all that long walking.走了这么长的路,你一定饿了。
    hunt v.①寻找:He hunted in vain for a job.他找不到工作。
    Parent birds began to hunt for food for their young.亲鸟开始为幼鸟寻找食物。
    I’ll try and hunt out the information you need.我会努力找到你要的信息。
    You’ll have to hunt out the word in the dictionary.你必须要在字典中搜寻出这个单词的。
    ②狩猎,猎取:Wolves hunt in packs.狼成群猎取食物。
    hunter n.猎人:The hunter agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow.那位猎人同意明天带我们去打猎。
    hurrah v.欢呼,为……喝采:We hurrah when we see the soldiers go by.我们看到士兵经过时向他们欢呼.
    n.欢呼声,激动,纷争:His speech was interrupt ceaselessly by hurrah.他的演讲不停地被欢呼声所打断。
    hurricane n.飓风,十二级风:
    News about the hurricane striking her country set off an attack of homesickness.
    有关飓风袭击他的家乡的消息引起了他对思乡之情。
    hurry v.①赶快,急忙:You needn’t hurry. There’s plenty of time.你不必着急,时间多着哩。
    ②催促,使加快:He refused to be hurried.他不要人催。
    n.匆忙:Don’t drive so fast; there’s no hurry.车别开得那么快,不用着急。
    【拓展】①hurry up赶快,赶紧:
    Look at the clock. The train is starting. Let’s hurry up.看看时间。火车就要开了。我们赶紧吧。
    ②in a hurry匆忙地,急于要,与其相反意义的in no hurry:
    I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.我来得太匆忙忘记带食物了。
    “Take your time,” Cross told him. “I’m in no hurry.”
    “慢慢来,”克罗斯对他说,“我一点都不急。”
    ③表示“匆忙到某处去”,通常在hurry之后接副词或介词短语即可,习惯上不接go, come, move等之类的表示运动方向的动词,如要表示“他匆忙去上学”,可说成He hurried to school,不说He hurried to go to school等。
    hurt(hurt, hurt) v.
    ①受伤:He hurt his arm while playing tennis.他打网球时把膀子扭伤了。
    ②(使)伤痛,(使)疼痛:Does your leg hurt?你的腿疼吗?
    ③伤害:I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you.对不起,我不是有意伤害你的。
    【拓展】①身体内部的伤只能用injured/hurt:
    His internal organs were injured/hurt.他的内部器官受伤了。
    ②hurt的过去分词通常只能用作表语,injured和wounded既可以作表语,也可以作定语:
    Yes, I was hurt, jealous.是的,我感到伤心、嫉妒。
    I saw a wounded/an injured man.我看见了一个受伤的人。
    ③hurt可以作为不及物动词,表示“疼,难受”,injure和wound则不能这样用:
    My right foot hurts.我的右脚很疼。
    ④hurtful adj.伤害,伤心的,伤感情的,伤害自尊的:
    Her comments can only be hurtful to Mrs. Green’s family.
    她的话只会使格林夫人的家人感到伤心。
    Don’t say such hurtful things to your friend.别对你的朋友说这样伤感情的事。
    husband n.丈夫:Husband and wife should not say such heartless things to each other.
    夫妻之间不要说这样绝情的话。

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