牛津上海版 (五四制)八年级下册（新版）Module 1 Nature and environmentUnit 1 Trees导学案

这是一份牛津上海版 (五四制)八年级下册（新版）Module 1 Nature and environmentUnit 1 Trees导学案，共15页。学案主要包含了词汇Wrds等内容，欢迎下载使用。


知识要点
一、词汇Wrds
1. fighter 斗士；战士
e.g. She wn't give up easily; she's a real fighter. 她不会轻易放弃的，她是一个真正的斗土。
Dctrs and nurses are disease fighters. They always fight against all kinds f diseases.
医生和护土是与疾病斗争的战土。他们总是和各种疾病作斗争。
【知识拓展】 fight n. 打架，战斗，斗志
e. g. The tw bys had a fight. 两个男孩打了一架。
fight v. (fught; fught)（常与against，with连用）打仗；战斗
e. g. Peple ften have t fight with the enemy. 人们往往不得不抗击敌人。
2. suppse v. 推想，假设
e.g. Scientists suppsed that large dinsaurs lived in swamps.
科学家们猜想大型恐龙栖居于沼泽地中。
Suppse yur father saw yu nw, what wuld yu say?
假设你父亲现在看到了你，你该怎么说？
I dn’t suppse his answer is right. 我认为他的答案不正确。
3. pure adj. 纯的，纯粹的，纯净的purely adv.
e.g. The water in muntain rivers is usually pure. 流经山间的河水通常是纯净的。
She speaks pure French. 她讲一口纯正的法语。

4. natural adj.自然的，自然界的
e.g. It is natural fr a cat t catch mice. 猫捉老鼠是本能。
Fire is ne f the natural elements in nature. 火是自然界中的自然元素之一。
【知识拓展】 nature n. 自然，自然界，大自然
e.g. This phenmenn is unique in nature. 这种现象在整个自然界是罕见的。
5. gas n. 气体---gases(复)
e.g. There are several kinds f gas in the air, with nitrgen amunting t the mst part.
空气中有好几种气体，氮所占的比重最大。
6. release v. 释放，解放
e. g. I released the hrse and it ran away. 我放了这匹马，让它跑了。
Fur prisners were released. 四名犯人被释放了。
【知识拓展】 release n. 释放；解脱
e.g. She can expect an early release frm prisn. 她有望早一点儿出狱。
7. chemical n. 化学物质，药品
e.g. The farmers use chemicals t kill the insects in the fields.
农民用化学药品来杀死地里的害虫。
【知识拓展】 chemical adj. 化学的 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家，药剂师
8. nasty adj. 令人厌恶的，令人不悦的
e.g. There's a nasty smell cming frm that sewer. 下水道里发出一股很恶心的味道。
Dn't be s nasty! 不要发脾气啦！
9. cmmunicate v. 沟通，通信
e.g. My net-pal and I cmmunicate with each ther n the Internet.
我和我的网友通过网络保持联系。
This rm cmmunicates with the ther rm. 这个房间与那个房间相通。
【知识拓展】cmmunicatin n.通讯，信息，交流，沟通
cmmunicate with 交换（看法等） cmmunicate t 传达
10. hardly adv. 刚刚，几乎不
e.g. I culd hardly understand the thery. 我几乎不能理解这个理论。
We had hardly begun when it began t rain. 我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。
It was s dark that I culd hardly see. 天那么黑，我几乎什么也着不见。
It hardly snws here in winter. 这里的冬天几乎不下雪。
【知识拓展】 hard adj. 坚固的，困难的 adv.努力地，剧烈地
e.g. She fund it hard t make up her mind. 她发觉很难下决心。
It was raining hard last night. 昨晚雨下得很大。
11. warn v. 警告
【常用搭配】 warn smebdy abut smething警告某人某事
e.g. warn smebdy nt t d smething 警告某人不要做某事
The gvernment warned the peple abut the cming typhn. 政府警告人民台风将要来袭。
I must warn yu nt t g ut. There is a strm. 我必须警告你不要出门，外面暴风骤雨。
【知识拓展】 warning n. 提醒；警告
e.g. Because f her warning, I was careful. 由于她的提醒，我很小心。
living adj.活着的the living 活着的人们
【知识拓展】lively adj.活泼的 life n.生命，生活
辨析alive、living
alive意为“活着的”，只能作表语
Was she still alive when yu reached the hspital?
living 意为“活着的，有生命的”常作定语
Wh is the greatest living writer in China?

13. gd n. 好处，益处
【知识拓展】gds 商品
gd adj.好的 well adv. 副词 比较级better，最高级best
14.pllutin n. 污染
【知识拓展】pllute v. 污染
air pllutin 空气污染， nise pllutin 噪音污染，water pllutin 水污染
二、重要句型Imprtant Sentences structures
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣
e. g. Peter is interested in playing ftball. 彼得对踢足球感兴趣。
指点迷津：interesting 与interested
(1) interesting形容词，意为“有趣的”。
are ging t shw an interesting experiment. 我们将给大家做个有趣的实验。
(2) interested形容词，意为“对……感兴趣”，短语be/becme interested in。
e.g. They have becme interested in science. 他们对自然科学感兴趣。
Are yu interested in histry? 你对历史感兴趣吗？
2. n the end f…在……的末端
e.g. Have yu ever nticed the rubber n the end f a pencil?
你有注意过铅笔末端的那个橡皮头吗？
辨析：in the end 最后（可用于将来时）
at the end f 在……末（可指时间或空间）
by the end f 到……为止（用于时间）

3. thank…fr… 为……而感谢…
e.g. He thanked her fr the gift. 他感谢她的礼物。
The manager thanked her crew fr being s cperative.
经理感谢她的同事们如此通力合作。
thanks t 多亏，由于= due t=because f
4. take…frm…从……中拿出…
e.g. When peple take trees frm the frests, have they ever thught abut planting mre?
当人们从森林中取走树木的时候，他们有想过要种更多的树木吗？
5. release…int… 将……释放到……中
e.g. Lk, that steel wrk is releasing black smke int the air.
看呀，那家钢铁厂正在向空气中排放黑烟。
6. as well as也，还
e.g. He as well as his sisters, is ging t Canada. 他和他的姐妹们将要去加拿大。
She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不仅聪明，而且漂亮。
Penguins can swim under the water as well as n the tp f it.
企鹅不但能在水里游，而且能在水上游。
【知识拓展】 注意区别as well as/nt nly…but als…
①The teacher, as well as the students, wishes fr a hliday.（重点放在前者）
②Nt nly the students but als the teacher wishes fr a hliday. （重点放在后者）
7. prtect…by ding sth. 通过……保护…
e.g. The parents wanted t prtect their children by lcking them in the huse.
这对父母希望通过将孩子反锁在家中来保护他们的安全。
8. jin…tgether将……连在一起
e.g. The trees nearby can jin their rts tgether. 周围的树木可以将它们的根系交织在一起。
9. cmmunicate with ne anther相互联系，相互沟通
e.g. Nwadays, peple usually cmmunicate with each ther thrugh the Internet.
如今，人们常常通过因特网相互联系。
10. in danger 处于危险中
e.g. He is in danger, please infrm him as sn as pssible. 他处于危险之中，请尽快通知他。
The peple in the burning huse are in danger. 房子着火了，里面的人正处于危险中。
11. prtect sb. by/frm/against ……保护
e.g. The man raised his arm t prtect his face frm the blw.
这个男人抬起胳膊挡住他的脸部免受拳击。
Please wear a hat t prtect yur head against the sun. 请戴好帽子，免得头部遭到暴晒。
12. What else…？ 还有什么……？
e.g. What else d yu want t buy? 你还想买些什么？
13. They make streets mre beautiful and less nisy.
“mre”和“less”用于多音节和一些双音节形容词和副词之前。“mre”表示“更加”，“less”表示“不如，较差”。
e. g. Jane is less beautiful than Susan. 珍妮没有苏珊漂亮。
Susan’s mre beautiful than Jane. 苏珊比珍妮更漂亮。
14. And, I suppse yu als enjy breathing pure, cl air.
enjy ding意为“喜欢做……事，享受做……事的乐趣”。
e.g. I enjy reading bks at hme n Sundays. 周日我喜欢在家看书。
表达喜欢的动词及动词词组：be keen n ding/ be fnd f ding/like ding/ lve ding
15. … prduce enugh xygen t keep yur whle class alive and healthy fr a whle year.
enugh+n. +t d
e.g. I have enugh time t finish the wrk.我有足够的时间来完成这份工作。
adj. /adv. +enugh+ t d
e.g. It's warm enugh t swim. 天气足够暖和，可以游泳。
He didn't run fast enugh t catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。
例题精选

Ⅰ.Read and chse the best answer.
( )1. The by was interested chess and vlleyball.
A. playing B. in play C. in playingD. f play
( )2. I culd believe that my sn wrked s .
hard; hard B. hard; hardly C. hardly; hardD. hardly; hardly
( )3.Yu can cmmunicate ________ us by radi .
A. in B. fr C. at D.with
( )4.Jhn can hardly understand any Chinese , __________ he ?
A .can’t B. desn’t C. can D. Des
( )5. Tell the children ________ s much nise ,please?
A .dn’t make B.nt making C. nt make D.nt t make
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the given wrds in their prper frms.
1.Trees reduce sund ____________ fr large urban areas . (pllute)
2.Many animals are in ___________ (dangerus)
3.I dn’t like this sng . Because it’s nt ____________ (interest)
4.In Grade Nine , we will learn a new subject __________ (chemical)
5. His father is a her . He is the nly persn __________ in the war.(live)
III. Rewrite the sentences as required.
1.Trees are in great danger. (改为反意疑问句)
Trees are in great danger, ?
2.We can save ur earth by planting mre trees. (就划线部分提问)
we save ur earth?
3.He was nervus . He culdn’t g n with the jb interview.(合并为一句)
He was__________ nervus __________ g n with the jb interview.
4.They build the new factry t deal with the rubbish.(对划线部分提问)
___________ __________ they build the new factry ?
5.It is pssible that he will wrk ut the prblem .(改为同义句)
It is pssible ____________ him ___________ wrk ut the prblem.
课后作业
8BU1 Exercise 1
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Read and chse the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)
1. The _______ f their flight is Paris. They are ging t spend their hliday there.
A. landmark B. castle C. destinatin D. capital
2. It is _______ t watch the matches f the Tennis Masters Cup.
A. amazed B. amazing C. t amaze D. amazement
3. Shanghai is famus _______ its night views and shpping centres.
A. fr B. t C. as D. with
4. His grandpa _______ in a small twn. Nw he's living in a big city.
A. was used t living B. was used t live
C. used t live D. is used t living
5. Why _______ g swimming this afternn?
A. dn't B. nt C. nt t D. nt we
6. Excuse me, hw can I get t _______ nearest pst ffice?
A. a B. an C. / D. the
7. What abut _______ shpping tmrrw?
A. g B. t g C. ges D. ging
8. It's freezing tday. If yu g ut withut ________ a heavy cat n, yu will catch a cld.
A. wearing B. wear C. putting D. put
9. Names such as Dir in clthes are familiar _______ many Chinese peple.
A. n B. t C. with D. f
10. It's dangerus fr yu _______ that tall wall.
A. t climb B. climbing C. climbed D. t climbing
11. —_______d yu g t see yur grandparents? — Once a mnth.
A. Hw lng B. Hw f ten C. Hw fast D. Hw far
12. _______everyne is here, let's start ur class.
A. Thugh B. Befre C. Nw that D. After
13. A quick walk alng Nanjing Rad will remind yu _______ sme wrld-famus designer names.
A. t B. f C. fr D. abut
14. His bike enables him _______ all ver China.
A. t travel B. traveling C. traveled D. t traveling
15. The Lees will g t Malaysia _______ their summer hliday.
A. f B. by C. with D. fr
16. I'm afraid we can't finish the wrk in time. We might need sme _______ time.
A. additin B. in additin C. additinal D. additinally
17. The train enables us _______ there in time.
A. gets B. get C. t get D. getting
18. Yur advice will _______ me t win the cmpetitin.
A. able B. disabled C. ability D. enable
19. Snghua River is excellent _______ skating in winter.
A. t B. in C. fr D. at
20.- That sng always reminds me _______ my childhd life.
A. f B. fr C. t D. in
V. Fill in the blanks with the wrds in their prper frms.(用括号中所给的单词的适当形式填空)
1. We shuld try ur best t fight___________.( pllute)
2. The man is a brave__________ (fight). We shuld learn frm him.
3. Sam wants t be a ____________( science) when he grws up in the future.
4. Bys and girls, hw many__________(nature) elements d yu knw?
5. Insects can change the clrs f their skins t prtect _____________(they).
6. Dn't make a ________ (nisy)! My daughter is sleeping in the rm.
7. The stry was s _________ (interest) that I laughed many times.
8. These _________(harm) gases the factry prduced make us unhealthy.
9. Cherry desn't like ____________(cmmunicate) with thers.
10. If fewer peple drive cars, there will be _________(little) pllutin.
VI. Rewrite the sentences as required. (按要求改写句子)
1. Ted is sunbathing and having Cke n the beach. (改为一般疑问句)
______Ted _________and having Cke n the beach?
2. Trees are in great danger. (改为反意疑问句)
Trees are in great danger, __________ __________?
3. We can save ur earth by planting mre trees. (就划线部分提问)
___________ ___________ we save ur earth?
4. The fficers had a discussin after the meeting. (改为否定句)
The fficers _________ _________a discussin after the meeting.
5. I hardly have time t watch TV at weekends. (改为反意疑问句 )
I hardly have time t watch TV at weekends, _________ __________?
Part 2 Reading and Writing（第二部分阅读和写话）
A. Chse the wrds and expressins and cmplete the passage.
“Dreams may be mre imprtant than sleep. We all need t dream," sme scientists say.
Dreams take up abut ne quarter f ur sleeping time. Peple have several 1 each night. Dreams are like shrt films. They are usually in clr. Sme dreams 2 ld films. They cme t us ver and ver again. That may 3 the dreamer is wrrying abut smething. Dreaming may be a way f trying t find an answer.
Sme peple get new ideas abut their wrk 4 dreams. They may have been thinking abut their wrk all day. These thughts can carry ver int dreams.
Smetimes we wake up with a gd feeling frm a dream. But ften we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) 5 frm memry (记忆).
T much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). 6 we sleep, the lnger we dream. The mind is hard at wrk when we dream. That is why we may have a lng sleep and still wake up tired.
( ) 1. A. dreams B. exercises C. dreamers D. cries
( ) 2. A. like B. likes C. is like D. are like
( ) 3. A. when B. because C. if D. s
( ) 4. A. frm B. f C. as D. befre
( ) 5. A. slwly B. mre slwly C. quickly D. mre quickly
( ) 6. A. The less B. Less C. The mre D. Mre
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds.
Yu may think there is nthing but sand in the desert f the wrld, but it is nt true. In the desert we can f___1___ stnes. We can see hills, t. There is a little rain in the desert, but it is nt e ___2___ fr mst plants.
The animals are u 3 t the desert peple in many ways. The desert peple eat the meat and drink the milk f the animals. They use their skins t make shes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) fr c__ 4___ things.
The peple f the desert have t k 5 mving frm places t place. They must always lk fr grass r desert plants fr their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is n mre fd fr their animals, they take d 6 their tents, put them n the camels and mve t ther place. The desert peple are very friendly.
8BU1 Exercise 2
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Read and chse the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)
( ) 1. Wh _______ wants t speak at the meeting?
A. else B. ther C. thers D. any ther
( ) 2. Jhn will g t Beijing _______ next week.
A. smetimes B. smetime C. sme time D. sme times
( ) 3. They were warned _______ the muntain in such bad weather.
A. t climb B. nt t climb C. climbing D. nt climbing
( ) 4. The rm is _______ small _____ hld s many peple.
A. s…that B. t… t C. very …t D. enugh… t
( ) 5. Qin Shi Huang thught the walls culd _______ invaders frm cming int the cuntry.
A. fight B. against C. stp D. beat
( ) 6. The number f emplyees was _______ frm 500 t 300.
A. prduced B. reduced C. interested D. prvided
( )7. My mther made me______ my bedrm this mrning because it was t dirty.
A. clean B. t clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( )8. The beautiful car ver there_______ t my uncle.
A. is belnging B. has belnged C. belngs D. belng
( ) 9. Li Ming as well as his friends t g fishing this weekend.
A. is wanting B. wanted C. want D. wants
( ) 10. "Which item will yu perfrm at the English Afternn, a sng r a shrt play?" The wrd "item" here means_______.
A. prgram B. subject C. cntest D. activity
( ) 11. Judy wants t cllect sme facts _______ pllutin.
A. in B. n C. fr D. with
( )12. A very useful way t fight pllutin is_______ mre and mre trees.
A. plants B. plant C. t plant D. planted
( )13. My father is very busy. He ften keeps wrking_______ midnight.
A. while B. since C. until D. fr
( )14. _______fine crps the gd sil prduces!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. Hw
( )15. The teaching building in ur schl is abut _______.
A. 15-metre highB. 15 metre highC. 15-metres-high D. 15 metres high
( )16. This questin is the _______ imprtant f all.
A. lessB. little C. few D. least
( )17. They had t g ut t hunt fr fd t keep themselves _____.
A. live B. life C. living D. alive
( )18. Millins f peple are _____ by the mvie in 3-D Max.
A. attacked B. attracted C. affrded D. ffered
( )19. _____, the price and the princess lived happily in the castle.
A. On the end B. In the end C. By the end D. At the end f
( )20. I wnder ________.
A.if yur parents will cme r nt tmrrw
B. if will yur parents cme tmrrw
C. whether yur parents will cme r nt tmrrw
D. that yur parents will cme tmrrw
V. Fill in the blanks with the wrds in their prper frms.(用括号中所给的单词的适当形式填空)
1. The harmful ___________(gas) in the air make us unhealthy.
2. D yu believe that sme ___________(alive) things exist n ther planets?
3. The farmers used a __________(chemistry) t kill the insects n the crps.
4. The chemistry teacher put a few_______(chemical) int the tubes.
5. Let's try ur best t be ____________(fight) against pllutin.
6. _________(safe) in factries is the mst imprtant thing t every wrker.
7. When are the _________(leaf) f trees turning yellw?
8. There were s many peple n the train that I culdn't hardly _________ (breath).
9. Peple cut dwn millins f trees, but they seldm remember t _________(place) them.
10. Wh is the greatest writer in yur cuntry_________ (living)?
VI. Rewrite the sentences as required. (按要求改写句子)
1. I want t knw hw trees talk with each ther. (保持原句意思)
I want t knw hw trees talk with ___________ __________ .
2. Lndn hsted the 2012 Olympic Games. (改为反意疑问句)
Lndn hsted the 2012 Olympic Games, ____________ _____________?
3. She knws German as well as French. (保持原句意思)
She knws nt nly German ____________ ________________ French.
4. Cathy spent nearly all her mney. She had almst nne left. (保持原句意思)
Cathy spent nearly all her mney. She had ___________ ________________ left.
5. Sam is keen n playing cmputer games and watching TV. (保持原句意思)
Sam is keen n playing cmputer games _______ ________ ________watching TV.
Part 2 Reading and Writing（第二部分阅读和写话）
C. Chse the wrds and expressins and cmplete the passage.
If yu’re an American, yu may take in 3,400 mg f salt per day. That’s far mre than 2,300mg. And it’s 15 times as much as the human bdy needs.
Average salt intake（摄入量）has increased abut 50% since the 1970s, largely 1 we’re eating mre cnvenient fds. And as makers f prcessed fd have cut dwn n fat and sugar, they’ve ften added 2 salt.
T much salt can cause steprsis (骨质疏松症) and stmach cancer. 3 , it raises bld pressure, which kills abut 850,000 Americans a year.
“After smking, high bld pressure is the leading 4 f death,” says New Yrk City Health Cmmissiner Thmas. He is encuraging makers f packaged fds and restaurants t gradually 5 their salt by 50% ver the next 10 years. The CDC (疾病控制中心) thinks that it culd save 150,000 lives and $10 billin in health care a year.
Sme 50 millin Americans have hypertensin (高血压). Hypertensin is mre cmmn amng African-Americans than whites. Nearly 90% f Americans develp it.
With that in mind, the CDC is encuraging peple t fllw a stricter guideline f 6 1,500 mg f salt a day. Abut 80% f Americans’ salt intake cmes frm prcessed fds and restaurant meals; nly20% cmes frm salt used in hme cking. But cutting salt frm prcessed fd isn’t easy.
1. A. if B. befre C. because D. unless
2.A. manyB. fewC. lessD. mre
3.A. What’s mreB. In the endC. Fr exampleD. In this way
4.A. reasnB. cause C. pwerD. example
5.A. cutB. take C. changeD. get
6.A. withB. frC. verD. just
D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds.
Mshe Kai Cavalin is a half Chinese American by. As ne f the yungest students t graduate frm a tw-year cllege at the age f 11, Mshe Kai Cavalin has every reasn t be prud f h 1 .
But Cavalin said, “I feel prud, but nt t prud, because it is the enemy f learning.”
Cavalin graduated frm the East Ls Angeles Cmmunity Cllege. What surprised m 2 is nt nly his yung age, but his excellent perfrmance: he is ne f the three graduates frm the cllege wh had a high scre.
When he first went t the cllege at the age f 8, prfessrs treated him like a child. But later, he became ne f the class and gt alng pretty well with the ther students wh were 18 years and lder.
The 11-year-ld cllege graduate is ging t write a bk abut his secrets n hw he graduated frm cllege at 11 w 3 ging t primary schl and high schl.
“I want t be a scientist like Albert Einstein,” said Cavalin.
Cavalin’s mther Sandy Chien cmes frm Taiwan, and his father is frm Brazil. Chien said her sn s 4 his talent (天赋) at the age f tw. He learned very fast and liked t watch TV and read children’s bks.
“I tried t send my sn t the elementary schl, but I fund that he learned t fast and very ften he had n 5 t d during the lessns. S I decided t teach him at hme.” said Chien.
Like many Chinese parents, Chien sent her sn t a private schl t learn the pian at 4, and later sent him t learn Chinese Kung Fu. At the age f 7, Cavalin had c 6 high schl at hme.
Being brn in America, English is his mther language. He can als speak French. He likes t play games with friends f the same age. Hwever, he has a gd relatinship with the students wh are 10 years lder than him at cllege.
卷1
选择题：1—5 C B A C B 6—10 D D C B A 11—15 B C B A D 16—20 C C D C A
词性转换：1.pllutin 2.fighter 3.scientist 4.natural 5.themselves
6.nise 7.interesting 8.harmful 9.cmmunicating 10.less
句型转换：1.Is sunbathing 2.aren’t they 3.Hw can 4.didn’t have 5. d I
完型填空：1—6 A D B A C A
首字母：1—6 find enugh useful carrying keep dwn
卷2
选择题：1-5 ABBBC 6-10 BACDA 11-15 BCCAD 16-20 DDBBC
词性转换：1.gases 2.living 3.chemical 4.chemicals 5.fighters 6.safety 7.leaves 8.breathe 9.replace 10.alive
句型转换：1.ne anther 2. wn’t it 3. but als 4. hardly any 5. as well as
完形填空：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D
首字母：1. himself 2. many/mst 3. withut 4. shwed 5. nthing 6. cmpleted