2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：非谓语动词课件

这是一份2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：非谓语动词课件，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了知识导图，非谓语动词，固定用法，基本含义，考点精析，mean ，to do sth，doing sth，打算做某事，意味着做某事等内容，欢迎下载使用。

v.ing 表主动或正在进行
v.ed 表被动或已经完成
考点一　非谓语动词的形式及意义
Many Chinese brands, having develped their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market.很多历经几个世纪树立了声誉的中国品牌，正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战。There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.在我们准备到月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要被解决。
考点二　非谓语动词作主语和表语一、不定式作主语和表语1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置，构成句型：It＋be＋adj.(difficult/kind/clever等)＋fr/f sb.t d sth.；N matter hw bright a talker yu are, there are times when it's better t remain silent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
2.不定式作表语时：(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim、purpse、idea、plan、wish、decisin、chice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，多用不定式作表语。His wish is t be a dctr in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词d的形式，作表语的不定式常省略t。What I want t d mst in senir high is (t) imprve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
二、动名词作主语和表语1.动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Traveling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
2.常用于动名词作主语的句型：It's a waste f time ding...；It's n use/gd ding...；It is useless is n use 's n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。*不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语一、只接不定式作宾语的动词
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语(1)此外affrd、happen(碰巧)、wait、threaten等也要用不定式作宾语；(2)动词(短语)learn、decide、knw、wnder、shw、tell、understand、explain、teach、advise、find ut等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
二、只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
He gt well ­prepared fr the jb interview, fr he culdn't risk lsing the gd pprtunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒险失去这次好机会。
***allw、permit、frbid、advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allw/permit/frbid/advise sb. t d sth.。
三、接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词
遗憾要去做某事（未做）
can’t help
I still remember being taken t the Famen Temple and what I saw there.　我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，还有我在那里所看到的一切。I remembered t lck the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
动词want、need、require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。The windw needs cleaning/t be cleaned.(clean与the windw之间存在动宾关系)窗户需要清洁一下。He needs t leave at nce.(leave与he之间不存在动宾关系)他必须马上离开。
四、常见的用动名词作宾语的短语和句型spend (in)(花费)、be/get used t(习惯于)、feel like(想要)、insist n(坚持)、get dwn t(开始认真做某事)、(致力于……)、bject t(反对)、stick t(坚持)、give up(放弃)、have difficulty/truble (in)(有困难)、have fun (in)(玩得开心)。It's quite ht tday. D yu feel like ging fr a swim? 　I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d wrking with students.I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.
***当非谓语动词位于介词but、except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词d及相关形式时，则不定式要省略t；若其前没有动词d，则不定式通常带t。We had n chice but t wait.我们除了等待之外别无选择。I culd d nthing except agree.我除了同意，什么都做不了。
考点四　非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1.作原因状语，多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。I'm very glad t be invited t attend the meeting.2.作目的状语，可用s as t/in rder t替换，但 s as t一般不可置于句首，意为“为了、想要”。T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.　Her mther plans t fly t Beijing at least fur times a year in rder t/s as t/t visit her.
3.作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果，常考结构：nly t d(表示出乎意料的结果)。Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.4.固定结构：①enugh t d...(足够做……)；② d...(太……而不能做……)；
③主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d 句型。(常见形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、cmfrtable、heavy、gd、imprtant、impssible、dangerus、surprised、astnished、delighted、disappinted 等)This machine is very easy t perate. Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。
句型“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。In many peple's pinin, that cmpany, thugh relatively small, is pleasant t deal with.在许多人看来，那家公司尽管相对小点，但与他们做生意很愉快。
二、分词作状语1.动词­ing作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物，反映了人类的智慧与创造性。
***having dne表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I gt t the ffice earlier that day, having caught the 7：30 train frm Paddingtn.那天我赶上了从帕丁顿7点半出发的火车，所以早一点到了办公室。
2.动词­ed 作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。Ordinary sap, used crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。
3.连词＋分词作状语构成状语从句的省略，常用连词有while、when、nce、if、unless等。Generally speaking, if taken accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect.一般来说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。While walking the dg, yu were s careless that it gt lse and was hit by a car.当你遛狗时，你如此的粗心让它挣脱了，以至于它被汽车撞了。
4.源于系表结构的部分过去分词(短语)作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，不表示被动关系，其前不用being。常见的有lcated(坐落于)、lst(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired f(厌烦的)、faced with(面对着)、equipped with (装备)等。(天津卷)Absrbed in painting, Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
三、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的独立成分有：
T be hnest, the pay isn't attractive enugh, thugh the jb itself is quite interesting.说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但是这个报酬不是很吸引人。
四、独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：名词/代词＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动)
Much time spent sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.Weather permitting, they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.Everything taken int cnsideratin, the result is better than expected.The test finished, we began ur hliday.The president assassinated, the whle cuntry was in deep srrw.
考点五　非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。***不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her, but she culdn't find any paper t write n.
2.序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the nly 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。注意：该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.　他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，如ability、chance、idea、hpe、wish、fact、excuse、prmise、attempt、way 等。And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
***不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。I have a letter t pst, s I can't g swimming with yu.我有一封信(需要我)要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。I have a letter t be psted. Can yu help me?我有一封信想(让别人替我)寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？
二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。Mst clleges nw ffer first ­year students a curse specially designed t help them succeed academically and persnally.Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.
2.形容词化的动词­ing形式和动词­ed 形式。动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk、expressin、tears、smile、vice等名词。amusing 有趣的amused 感到有趣的annying 令人烦恼的annyed 烦恼的astnishing 令人吃惊的astnished 吃惊的
amazing 令人惊奇的amazed 感到惊奇的
bring 令人厌倦的bred 厌倦的
cnfusing 令人糊涂的cnfused 困惑的
encuraging 令人受鼓励的encuraged 受到鼓励的discuraging 令人泄气的discuraged 泄气的shcking 令人震惊的shcked 震惊的mving 令人感动的mved 感动的
disappinting 令人失望的disappinted 失望的
frightening 令人害怕的frightened 害怕的
inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 受到鼓舞的
terrifying 令人恐怖的terrified 恐怖的
***非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(dne)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(ding)；表示被动、进行用being dne；表示主动、尚未进行用t d；表示被动的动作尚未进行用t be dne。试比较：①Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.②The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a lcal cmpany.③The bridge being built nw was designed by a lcal cmpany.④The bridge t be built next year was designed by a lcal cmpany.
考点六　非谓语动词作宾补一、不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。1．常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise、allw、ask、beg、cause、encurage、expect、frbid、frce、intend、invite、rder、persuade、prefer、require、remind、tell、want、warn、wish、call n、depend n等。If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n.Having finished her prject, she was invited by the schl t speak t the new students.
***在sb.be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。He is thught t have acted flishly . Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。
2.后用省略“t”的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。五看：lk at/watch/ntice/see/bserve sb.d sth.三使：make/have/let sb.d sth.二听：listen t/hear sb.d sth.一感觉：feel sb.d sth.I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。
二、分词作宾补1.现在分词作宾补时，与宾语之间是主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。过去分词作宾补时，与宾语之间存在被动关系。Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help?2.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see、watch、bserve、ntice、hear、listen、feel)、使役动词(have、make、let、get)、find、leave、keep等。I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph taken.
***(1)使役动词have、get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth.dne＝get sth.dne意为“让别人做某事”；②have sb./sth.ding sth.意为“让……一直做某事”；get sb./sth.ding意为“使……开始做某事”；③have sb.d sth.＝get sb.t d sth.意为“让某人做某事”。Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。
(2)have sb. ding sth.用于否定句中，常与can't、wn't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。I can't have yu getting away with telling lies.我不能容忍你撒谎而不受惩罚。
三、with的复合结构
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle, the newly ­elected president is having a hard time.Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk finished, he gladly accepted it.I culdn't d my hmewrk with all that nise ging n.
sb/sth. ding
***with的复合结构中，也可以用形容词、副词或介词短语作宾补。He was asleep with his head n his arms.他睡着了，头枕在胳膊上。She std there still, with her face pale.她一动不动站在那儿，脸色苍白。His mther sat n the chair, with her head dwn.他妈妈坐在椅子上，低着头。
方法一　利用并列连词It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ________(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
方法二　利用固定结构I quickly lwer myself，ducking my head t avid ____________(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged.
avid ding sth.
方法三　分析句子成分On the last day f ur week­lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, ____________(listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.Truly elegant chpsticks might be made f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal ____________(create) special designs.
1.The Jialng even hlds the recrd fr the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7，062 metres, __________(give) China its place alngside the wrld's tp cean drne, __________ (equip) with a special camera and a ludspeaker, can detect peple with fever at a certain distance and bradcast messages abut prtective measures t than a mnth after Kumar wn the right__________ (cmpete) in them, the Tky 2020 Olympic Games was put ff until 2021.
giving equipped t cmplete
4.____________________ (expse) t freign teachers since a yung age, I can cmmunicate with thers in fluent if yu d find it difficult__________ (fall) asleep r stay asleep at night, then yu shuld avid naps and try t build up that healthy sleepiness in the studies have shwn a link between sleeping less and weighing mre, but scientists have had difficulty __________ (determine) “Which came first, the chicken r the egg？”
Having been expsed t fall determining
7.Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn __________ (live) in a city t see thusands f ads every single f all，__________ (becme) aware f what causes yur wrry will help t reduce the start building their huts late in the summer, but d nt get them __________ (finish) befre the early Chinese wedding custms may vary frm place t place and time t time, but have been hlding an imprtant psitin in the lives f Chinese peple, __________ (cause) a far-­reaching impact n the way the Chinese lead their lives.
living becming finished causingc