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高中英语Lesson 1 The Underdog一课一练
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这是一份高中英语Lesson 1 The Underdog一课一练，共12页。
1．Genius is ne percent ________ (灵感) and ninetynine percent perspiratin.
2．Yu shuld nt criticize s ________ (严厉地) in his face.
3．Unless sme ________ (另外的) mney is fund, the theatre will clse.
4．They think the first thing that they shuld cnsider is t ________ (挣) enugh mney.
5．There were 300 passengers n bard when the plane ________ (撞毁)．
6．That evening they ________ (聚集) in my huse and talked till it was late.
7．He ________ (击败) the champin in three sets.
8．He is a persn wh is full f ________ (精力)．
9．I'm inspired by her curage and strng ________ (渴望) t succeed.
10．The wrkers ________ (把……打包) the glasses and marked n each bx “This Side Up”．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Tny feels mre ________ (energy) after a shrt time f rest.
2．He suffers ________ (sharply) pain in his stmach.
3．Andrew pened the ________ (pack) and inspected the things inside.
4．The restaurant is always ________ (crwd) with custmers at meal times.
5．He desired ________ (win) the game.
Ⅲ.短语填空
gather arund， ， pack up， crash int， try ut fr， earn a place， let sb. dwn， pay ff， keep up with
1．These teams are ging t ________________ the Olympic Games.
2．After supper they ________________ the table and wrked tgether.
3．Effrts will ________________ sner r later.
4．A truck went ut f cntrl and ________________ the back f a bus.
5．My father began t learn hw t use a cmputer at the age f sixty s that he might ________________ the times.
6．I prmise that I will never ______________ my parents ______________.
7．This athlete hpes t ________________ in the Olympic team, s he has been practising hard.
8．The teen used t be addicted t nline games, but nw he ________________ surf the Internet ________________.
9．They ________________ and went hme.
Ⅳ.语法专练
1．用适当的关系代词填空
(1)Nwadays, we can mve arund the wrld and still stay in tuch with the peple ________ we want t remain friends with.
(2)Lucy is my friend ________ has a hearing prblem.
(3)Lucy is a smart girl ________ ideas are always inspiring.
(4)I smetimes have prblems ________ I can't slve.
(5)I read a reprt abut his new nvel ________ will sn be published.
(6)It is the first American mvie f this kind ________ I've ever seen.
(7)D yu knw the things and persns ________ they are talking abut?
(8)I saw sme trees ________ leaves were black because f the plluted air.
(9)Anyne ________ failed t cme t the meeting yesterday must give his reasn.
(10)All ________ we need is enugh rest after lng hurs' wrk.
2．用定语从句完成下列句子
(1)他们正在等的那位教授是史密斯先生。
The prfessr ______________________ is Mr Smith.
(2)这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
This is the very htel ________________________ when I was travelling here.
(3)我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
I knw the persn ________________________ in the earthquake.
(4)她是通过考试的女孩之一。
She is ne f the girls ________________________.
(5)这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
This is the mst interesting stry ________________.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Paul and I, 1.________ lved basketball and were huge fans f the NBA, were n ur schl basketball team, The Lins. When we weren't playing n the curt, we 2.________ (watch) a game n TV. My favurite player was LeBrn James, and Paul's favurite player was Tyrne, althugh we 3.________ (actual) agree that they are champins.
Bgues was nly 1.6 metres tall, which made him the 4.________ (shrt) player ever in the NBA. By cincidence, Paul was nly 1.6 metres tall, t! Paul knew that 5.________ (be) shrter than ther players meant that he had t practise mre. During all thse hurs f ding jump shts n his wn, he used Bgues as his 6.________ (inspire). Paul believed that if Bgues culd make it, he wuld d it as well, but ur cach was nt s sure. Paul tried 7.________ many times just fr making the team. He was usually n the bench, being just a 8.________ (replace), which was really tugh n him. 9.________ he had real skills, wrked really hard and had a strng desire 10.________ (play) fr the team, Paul didn't get a chance. He had t wait fr it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
What will mst help yu lead a lng happy and healthy life? Is it making lts f mney? Is it a great jb that yu enjy? Perhaps it's fame. If yu ask a yung persn, many are likely t give yu ne f thse answers. Or pssibly all three.
Sme cultures put mre imprtance n wrk and mney than thers. Americans can be_bsessed_with their jbs and making mney. They might feel the need t make lts f mney fr educatin, medical care, hmes and cars. But it's nt just abut the mney. Fr many Americans, selfwrth is linked t ur prfessinal success r failure.
We culd learn abut what makes peple happy, and what des nt, by studying peple ver the curse f their lives. Fr almst 80 years, Harvard Medical Schl researchers have been ding just that. The Harvard Study f Adult Develpment is ne f the mst cmprehensive studies in histry. Since 1938, Henry, ne f its prfessr has fllwed the lives f a grup f men frm their teen years t ld age. Later, he began t fllw their wives and children as well. The study finds that wealth, scial psitin and an imprtant jb title d nt necessarily lead t health and happiness.
Rbert Waldinger is the current directr f the study. He is a prfessr at Harvard Medical Schl. Waldinger shared sme f the findings with a Harvard Gazette reprter. He said, “The surprising finding is that ur relatinships and hw happy we are in ur relatinships has a pwerful influence n ur health.” He added, “Taking care f yur bdy is imprtant, but tending t yur relatinships is a frm f selfcare t.”
1．What is the questins' functin in the first paragraph?
A．T remind peple t keep happy.
B．T help peple reflect n their health.
C．T remind peple health is imprtant.
D．T intrduce the main tpic f the passage.
2．Which phrase can replace the underlined part “be bsessed with” in Paragraph 2?
A．be addicted t B．be aware f
C．be upset abut D．be tired f
3．What des Henry find by fllwing sme men and their family?
A．Making mney is imprtant fr Americans.
B．Every persn shuld have his r her wn gal.
C．Seeking after fame can bring peple excitement.
D．Health and happiness d nt nly rely n status and wealth.
4．What shuld we d t keep healthy accrding t Waldinger?
A．Try ur best t make mney.
B．Have ur bdies examined every day.
C．Keeping in tuch with ur friends regularly.
D．Eating r drinking with ur friends every night.
B
Exercise is gd fr us. It reduces the risks f dying frm all causes, including cancer and heart disease. But many peple wh wrk all week have little time fr exercise. S, they might try t d smething t increase their heart rates ver the weekend—g fr a lng run, take a bike ride r hike in the muntains. But is it healthy t avid exercise during the wrkweek and then try t fit it all in during the weekend?
A new study suggests that, yes, it is healthy. Australian researchers at the University f Sydney did the study. It tk place ver a nineyear perid. During that time, the researchers lked at the selfreprted exercise habits and health examinatins f mre than 63,000 adults in England and Sctland. Then they cnnected that infrmatin t death recrds.
The researchers fund that peple wh exercised nly ne r tw days a week imprved their chances f living lnger than peple wh did nt exercise at all. Even thse wh are fat culd extend their lives by exercising a cuple f days per week.
Emmanuel Stamatakis is the senir authr f the study. He says that he fund it very encuraging that even peple wh exercised as little as ne r tw times a week appear t lwer their risk f early death. In ther wrds, their health imprves even if they dn't meet the suggested weekly amunt f physical activity. Hwever, t be in the best health, Stamatakis says mre exercise is better.
The WHO suggests that adults shuld get at least 150 minutes f mderate t intense activity per week. Fr the best results, the rganisatin suggests 75 minutes per week f intense physical activity. Hwever, if yu are busy with wrk and family duties, exercise as much as yu can.
5．In which part f a website can we find this text?
A．Science. B．News.
C．Sprts. D．Health.
6．What can we learn abut the study?
A．It was carried ut in three places.
B．It lasted fr mre than nine years.
C．It studied bth children and adults.
D．It was led by Emmanuel Stamatakis.
7．What des the study find?
A．A little exercise is better than nne.
B．We'd better d exercise n weekdays.
C．Fat peple usually live shrter than thin peple.
D．Exercise habits have a big influence n death.
8．What des Emmanuel Stamatakis suggest ding?
A．Paying attentin t the risk f early death.
B．Trying t d mre exercise if we have time.
C．Getting at least 150 minutes f activity a week.
D．Aviding ding much intense physical activity.
C
Befre yu were my teacher, I thught that teaching was the last thing I wanted t d. Why wuld smene want t cme in every day and attempt t instruct students, many f whm culdn't care less, r t get paid very little cmpared with the wrk he r she put in?
Yu may have thught that the nly thing I was learning frm yu was the curse, but that's nt all I learned. Frm reference bks t funny jkes, yu made each class exciting. Yu always tried t make class charming s that we culd be excited abut learning. Hwever, thse days have gne by.
Whenever I was cnfused and needed extra help, yu were the exact ne t turn t. I wuld walk int yur rm fr help and there wuld be several kids. Yu ran frm ne student t the next helping each ne thrugh their cnfusin. Yu culd have gne back hme after the bell rang. Instead, yu chse t stay and care abut what yur students did.
Yu didn't nly care abut my learning, but yu als cared abut ther things I was invlved in. At the beginning f the year, we wrte dwn ur hbbies and interests. Yu remembered what we wrte, t. I had missed class fr track meets (田径运动会) and when I came back the next day, yu wuld ask me hw it went. Many f the teachers never bthered t ask what I liked t d.
These things shwed me the value f teaching. They shwed me hw much f an influence a teacher can have n a student. I want t be the ne that influences students and pushes them twards success. I want students t leave my classrm thinking that their time was wrthwhile (值得的). I want t be the inspiratin fr them that yu were fr me. Whenever it gets hard fr me t cntinue n this path, I'll remember yu and what yu did fr me.
9．What did the authr think f teaching befre the teacher taught him?
A．Dull but wrthwhile.
B．Bring and lwpaid.
C．Hnurable but dangerus.
D．Challenging and easilyattacked.
10．Hw did the authr find the teacher's class in Paragraph 2?
A．Disappinting. B．Difficult.
C．Wnderful. D．Cmmn.
11．Why did the teacher ask his students t write dwn their hbbies and interests?
A．T understand them better.
B．T invlve them in mre activities.
C．T treat them differently.
D．T cntrl them in a better way.
12．What des the authr think the value f teaching lies in?
A．The care and passin that teachers have.
B．The prcess f students' frming a gd habit.
C．The successful students whm a teacher has taught.
D．The influence n students' develpment in the future.
Ⅱ.七选五
After Steve Jbs died, his friend Larry Ellisn said smething like this. “There will never be anther Steve Jbs.”__1__ Larry wrte this list f Steve's life lessns t remind us all.
1. Lve what yu d.
Sure Steve became a billinaire when he brught Apple back. Apple was his calling－even after he gt fired frm the cmpany. We all have bad jbs at ne pint in ur lives. But the questin is: Am I in the right jb? Have I fund the right cmpany? Life desn't g n frever. __2__
2. Dn't d it all by yurself.
Steve learned a great leader can't d it all by himself. He needs peple. They must be talented. __3__ They must be given the pprtunity t succeed and fail. In shrt, we have t learn t be a great leader if we want t see ur great ideas and hard wrk truly have an influence n the wrld.
3. __4__
Apple was always the best at creating a new prduct that meets the exact needs f users. It's empathy (同感) that helps Apple achieve this. Whenever the user has the first tuch with a new Apple prduct, he says “Ww, it's just what I need.” Remember: Yu're King in the business wrld if yu knw exactly what cnsumers desire.
4. Dn't mess arund with yur health.
__5__ That's the mst imprtant lessn frm Steve's life. It's great t learn frm him but, the fact is that he shuld still be here if he had treated his cancer prperly. Instead, Steve chse a naturpathic (自然疗法) slutin that wasn't effective. When he finally decided t take his dctr's riginal advice, it was t late.
A．They must be inspired.
B．Be the best in yur field.
C．Take yur health seriusly.
D．Get n ur right path nw.
E．Will this lead t a successful career?
F．Put yurself in the ther persn's shes.
G．What are the key things that we culd learn frm him?
Ⅲ.语法填空
The rati (比率) f verweight peple 1.________ participated in a survey increased frm 29% in 2012 t 31.5% in 2016, and 2.________ number f highly verweight peple 3.________ (rise) t 550,000, creating a serius headache fr 4.________ (medicine) services. The increase f highly verweight peple was 5.________ (particular) sharp amng thse in their 20s. The numbers came frm a study f physical examinatins 6.________ (publish) by the Health Insurance Service.
Accrding t the survey, the highly besity (肥胖) rate amng yung peple can be a result f their 7.________ (addict) t salt intake and sft drinks frm childhd. Eating t much salty fd is cnsidered as a main factr leading t health prblems. Besides, drinking sft drinks is als t blame because it makes peple mre likely 8.________ (gain) weight.
The result may affect the new lifestyle f thse peple. 9.________ (cut) dwn n salt can be hard, 10.________ repeated training t prefer less salty fd is necessary. Start by adding half as much salt t yur dinner as yu nrmally d.
Part 2 Lessn 1 The Underdg
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．inspiratin 2.sharply 3.extra 4.earn 5.crashed 6.gathered
7．defeated 8.energy 9.desire 10.packed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．energetic 2.sharp 3.package 4.crwded 5.t win
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．try ut fr 2.gathered arund 3.pay ff 4.crashed int
5．keep up with 6.let dwn 7.earn a place
8．desn't; anymre 9.packed up
Ⅳ.语法专练
1．(1)that/wh/whm (2)wh/that (3)whse
(4)that/which (5)that/which (6)that (7)that
(8)whse (9)wh (10)that
2．(1)(that/wh/whm) they are waiting fr
(2)(that) I stayed at
(3)whse huse was destryed
(4)wh/that have passed the exam
(5)(that) I've ever read
Ⅴ.语法填空
1．答案与解析：wh 考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，故填wh。
2．答案与解析：were watching 考查时态。根据When we weren't playing n the curt可知，此处用过去进行时，故填were watching。
3．答案与解析：actually 考查副词。此处修饰动词agree，做状语，应用副词形式，故填actually。
4．答案与解析：shrtest 考查形容词的最高级。根据ever in the NBA可知，此处应用最高级，故填shrtest。
5．答案与解析：being 考查动名词做主语。分析句子结构可知，此处做主语，表示抽象的、一般的行为，应用动名词，故填being。
6．答案与解析：inspiratin 考查名词。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词his可知，此处用名词形式，故填inspiratin。
7．答案与解析：ut 考查副词。try ut为固定短语，表示“尝试”，故填ut。
8．答案与解析：replacement 考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知，此处填名词replacement。
9．答案与解析：Althugh 考查连词。Althugh引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。
10．答案与解析：t play 考查动词不定式。此处用不定式做定语，故填t play。
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。大多数人都把注意力集中在挣钱、争取更高的社会地位和名誉上，但是研究表明这些并不足以提高我们的健康和幸福指数，本文就此进行了论述。
1．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。后文主要论述了健康快乐主要取决于什么，而这些问题的提出就是为了引出接下来的论述，故选D。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。后面一句提到他们可能觉得有必要为教育、医疗、住房和汽车赚很多钱，所以说美国人沉溺于挣钱和工作，故选A项be addicted t。be aware f意识到；be upset abut对……感到心烦意乱；be tired f对……感到厌烦。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的wealth, scial psitin and an imprtant jb title d nt necessarily lead t health and happiness可知，人的健康并不只是依赖于财富和地位而存在，故选D。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由最后一段的后两句可知，人与人之间的关系对我们的健康有巨大影响，所以我们应该注重这种关系的培养，也就是与朋友经常保持联系，故选C。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了健康的生活方式。研究发现对于工作日没有时间运动的人来说，周末运动也有利于身体健康。
5．答案与解析：D 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要谈论的是运动有利于健康，故可推知答案为D项。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It tk place ver a nineyear perid.”可知，B项正确，其余选项均与原文不符。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句、第二段的第一句和第三段可知，研究表明对于工作日没有时间运动的人来说，周末运动也是有利于身体健康的，那些即使锻炼不多的人也比根本不锻炼的人寿命长。这说明做一点儿运动总比一点儿都不做要好。
8．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Hwever, t be in the best health, Stamatakis says mre exercise is better.”可知，Stamatakis认为多锻炼对身体有益。故B项正确。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位老师对自己产生的深远影响，后来作者也决定从事教师这一职业。
9．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Why wuld smene want t cme in every day and attempt t instruct students, many f whm culdn't care less, r t get paid very little cmpared with the wrk he r she put in？可知，作者认为老师的教学工作很无聊，而且这份工作报酬也很少。故选B项。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的Frm reference bks t funny jkes, yu made each class exciting. Yu always tried t make class charming s that we culd be excited abut learning.可知，这位老师让他的课堂非常生动有趣，使学生们爱上学习，因此作者认为他的课堂是令学生们感到愉快的。故选C项。
11．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句Yu didn't nly care abut my learning, but yu als cared abut ther things I was invlved in. At the beginning f the year, we wrte dwn ur hbbies and interests.可知，老师让孩子们写下兴趣和爱好是为了更多地了解他们。故选A项。
12．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句They shwed me hw much f an influence a teacher can have n a student. I want t be the ne that influences students and pushes them twards success.可知，从这位老师身上，作者看到了老师对学生的影响是巨大的，所以作者认为教育的价值在于对学生的未来发展产生的影响。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，乔布斯很伟大，他创造的苹果公司非常成功。那么我们可以从他身上学到什么呢？文章介绍了我们可以从乔布斯身上得到的启示。
1．答案与解析：G 空格前一句告诉我们不会再有另外一个乔布斯了，说明乔布斯是一个伟大且特别的人，我们可以从他的身上学到什么呢？G项“What are the key things that we culd learn frm him？”符合上下文语境，故选择G项。
2．答案与解析：D 根据上文可知乔布斯曾经被苹果公司开除过，每个人都有不好的工作经历，但是我们要确保自己走在正确的道路上，D项“Get n ur right path nw.”符合上下文语境，故选择D项。
3．答案与解析：A 本段第一句“Steve learned a great leader can't d it all by himself.”告诉我们伟大的领袖不可能自己做所有的事情，他们也需要别人的帮助和鼓励。A项“They must be inspired.”与第二句“He needs peple.”语意一致，故选择A项。
4．答案与解析：F 根据本段第三句“Whenever the user has the first tuch with a new Apple prduct, he says ‘Ww, it's just what I need.’”可知，用户认为苹果产品正是他们需要的，说明苹果公司站在用户的立场上考虑产品的设计。F项“Put yurself in the ther persn's shes.”与本段中心思想一致，故选择F项。
5．答案与解析：C 本段的主题是“Dn't mess arund with yur health. (不要毁坏你的健康)”。提醒我们一定要注意健康，C项“Take yur health seriusly.”与主旨一致。故选择C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了肥胖人群比例增加，肥胖的主要原因是摄入太多盐和饮用过量软饮料。
1．答案与解析：wh/that 考查关系词。句意：参与调查的超重人群比例从2012年的29%上升到2016年的31.5%。先行词为peple，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词wh/that。
2．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。the number f意为“……的数量”，故填冠词the。
3．答案与解析：rse 考查动词时态。根据上文increased可知，应用一般过去时，故填rse。
4．答案与解析：medical 考查形容词。services为名词，需用形容词修饰，故填medical。
5．答案与解析：particularly 考查副词。句意：在20多岁的人群中，严重超重人群的增长尤为明显。sharp为形容词，需用副词修饰，故填particularly。
6．答案与解析：published 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语动词came，且句中没有连词，故publish只能作非谓语，且与逻辑主语a study构成被动关系，故用过去分词published。
7．答案与解析：addictin 考查名词。句意：调查显示，年轻人的高肥胖率可能是因为他们从小就对盐摄入和软饮料上瘾。their为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故填addictin，表示“瘾”。
8．答案与解析：t gain 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，喝软饮料也是一个原因，因为它使人们更有可能增加体重。be likely t d sth.意为“有可能做某事”，故填t gain。
9．答案与解析：Cutting 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，应该用动名词短语作主语，陈述一个事实，且位于句首，故此处用Cutting。
10．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：减少盐的摄入量可能很困难，但是反复训练来喜欢低盐食物是必要的。前后文为转折关系，故用转折连词but。
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
关键能力综合练
进阶训练第二层
1．Genius is ne percent ________ (灵感) and ninetynine percent perspiratin.
2．Yu shuld nt criticize s ________ (严厉地) in his face.
3．Unless sme ________ (另外的) mney is fund, the theatre will clse.
4．They think the first thing that they shuld cnsider is t ________ (挣) enugh mney.
5．There were 300 passengers n bard when the plane ________ (撞毁)．
6．That evening they ________ (聚集) in my huse and talked till it was late.
7．He ________ (击败) the champin in three sets.
8．He is a persn wh is full f ________ (精力)．
9．I'm inspired by her curage and strng ________ (渴望) t succeed.
10．The wrkers ________ (把……打包) the glasses and marked n each bx “This Side Up”．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Tny feels mre ________ (energy) after a shrt time f rest.
2．He suffers ________ (sharply) pain in his stmach.
3．Andrew pened the ________ (pack) and inspected the things inside.
4．The restaurant is always ________ (crwd) with custmers at meal times.
5．He desired ________ (win) the game.
Ⅲ.短语填空
gather arund， ， pack up， crash int， try ut fr， earn a place， let sb. dwn， pay ff， keep up with
1．These teams are ging t ________________ the Olympic Games.
2．After supper they ________________ the table and wrked tgether.
3．Effrts will ________________ sner r later.
4．A truck went ut f cntrl and ________________ the back f a bus.
5．My father began t learn hw t use a cmputer at the age f sixty s that he might ________________ the times.
6．I prmise that I will never ______________ my parents ______________.
7．This athlete hpes t ________________ in the Olympic team, s he has been practising hard.
8．The teen used t be addicted t nline games, but nw he ________________ surf the Internet ________________.
9．They ________________ and went hme.
Ⅳ.语法专练
1．用适当的关系代词填空
(1)Nwadays, we can mve arund the wrld and still stay in tuch with the peple ________ we want t remain friends with.
(2)Lucy is my friend ________ has a hearing prblem.
(3)Lucy is a smart girl ________ ideas are always inspiring.
(4)I smetimes have prblems ________ I can't slve.
(5)I read a reprt abut his new nvel ________ will sn be published.
(6)It is the first American mvie f this kind ________ I've ever seen.
(7)D yu knw the things and persns ________ they are talking abut?
(8)I saw sme trees ________ leaves were black because f the plluted air.
(9)Anyne ________ failed t cme t the meeting yesterday must give his reasn.
(10)All ________ we need is enugh rest after lng hurs' wrk.
2．用定语从句完成下列句子
(1)他们正在等的那位教授是史密斯先生。
The prfessr ______________________ is Mr Smith.
(2)这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
This is the very htel ________________________ when I was travelling here.
(3)我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
I knw the persn ________________________ in the earthquake.
(4)她是通过考试的女孩之一。
She is ne f the girls ________________________.
(5)这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
This is the mst interesting stry ________________.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Paul and I, 1.________ lved basketball and were huge fans f the NBA, were n ur schl basketball team, The Lins. When we weren't playing n the curt, we 2.________ (watch) a game n TV. My favurite player was LeBrn James, and Paul's favurite player was Tyrne, althugh we 3.________ (actual) agree that they are champins.
Bgues was nly 1.6 metres tall, which made him the 4.________ (shrt) player ever in the NBA. By cincidence, Paul was nly 1.6 metres tall, t! Paul knew that 5.________ (be) shrter than ther players meant that he had t practise mre. During all thse hurs f ding jump shts n his wn, he used Bgues as his 6.________ (inspire). Paul believed that if Bgues culd make it, he wuld d it as well, but ur cach was nt s sure. Paul tried 7.________ many times just fr making the team. He was usually n the bench, being just a 8.________ (replace), which was really tugh n him. 9.________ he had real skills, wrked really hard and had a strng desire 10.________ (play) fr the team, Paul didn't get a chance. He had t wait fr it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
What will mst help yu lead a lng happy and healthy life? Is it making lts f mney? Is it a great jb that yu enjy? Perhaps it's fame. If yu ask a yung persn, many are likely t give yu ne f thse answers. Or pssibly all three.
Sme cultures put mre imprtance n wrk and mney than thers. Americans can be_bsessed_with their jbs and making mney. They might feel the need t make lts f mney fr educatin, medical care, hmes and cars. But it's nt just abut the mney. Fr many Americans, selfwrth is linked t ur prfessinal success r failure.
We culd learn abut what makes peple happy, and what des nt, by studying peple ver the curse f their lives. Fr almst 80 years, Harvard Medical Schl researchers have been ding just that. The Harvard Study f Adult Develpment is ne f the mst cmprehensive studies in histry. Since 1938, Henry, ne f its prfessr has fllwed the lives f a grup f men frm their teen years t ld age. Later, he began t fllw their wives and children as well. The study finds that wealth, scial psitin and an imprtant jb title d nt necessarily lead t health and happiness.
Rbert Waldinger is the current directr f the study. He is a prfessr at Harvard Medical Schl. Waldinger shared sme f the findings with a Harvard Gazette reprter. He said, “The surprising finding is that ur relatinships and hw happy we are in ur relatinships has a pwerful influence n ur health.” He added, “Taking care f yur bdy is imprtant, but tending t yur relatinships is a frm f selfcare t.”
1．What is the questins' functin in the first paragraph?
A．T remind peple t keep happy.
B．T help peple reflect n their health.
C．T remind peple health is imprtant.
D．T intrduce the main tpic f the passage.
2．Which phrase can replace the underlined part “be bsessed with” in Paragraph 2?
A．be addicted t B．be aware f
C．be upset abut D．be tired f
3．What des Henry find by fllwing sme men and their family?
A．Making mney is imprtant fr Americans.
B．Every persn shuld have his r her wn gal.
C．Seeking after fame can bring peple excitement.
D．Health and happiness d nt nly rely n status and wealth.
4．What shuld we d t keep healthy accrding t Waldinger?
A．Try ur best t make mney.
B．Have ur bdies examined every day.
C．Keeping in tuch with ur friends regularly.
D．Eating r drinking with ur friends every night.
B
Exercise is gd fr us. It reduces the risks f dying frm all causes, including cancer and heart disease. But many peple wh wrk all week have little time fr exercise. S, they might try t d smething t increase their heart rates ver the weekend—g fr a lng run, take a bike ride r hike in the muntains. But is it healthy t avid exercise during the wrkweek and then try t fit it all in during the weekend?
A new study suggests that, yes, it is healthy. Australian researchers at the University f Sydney did the study. It tk place ver a nineyear perid. During that time, the researchers lked at the selfreprted exercise habits and health examinatins f mre than 63,000 adults in England and Sctland. Then they cnnected that infrmatin t death recrds.
The researchers fund that peple wh exercised nly ne r tw days a week imprved their chances f living lnger than peple wh did nt exercise at all. Even thse wh are fat culd extend their lives by exercising a cuple f days per week.
Emmanuel Stamatakis is the senir authr f the study. He says that he fund it very encuraging that even peple wh exercised as little as ne r tw times a week appear t lwer their risk f early death. In ther wrds, their health imprves even if they dn't meet the suggested weekly amunt f physical activity. Hwever, t be in the best health, Stamatakis says mre exercise is better.
The WHO suggests that adults shuld get at least 150 minutes f mderate t intense activity per week. Fr the best results, the rganisatin suggests 75 minutes per week f intense physical activity. Hwever, if yu are busy with wrk and family duties, exercise as much as yu can.
5．In which part f a website can we find this text?
A．Science. B．News.
C．Sprts. D．Health.
6．What can we learn abut the study?
A．It was carried ut in three places.
B．It lasted fr mre than nine years.
C．It studied bth children and adults.
D．It was led by Emmanuel Stamatakis.
7．What des the study find?
A．A little exercise is better than nne.
B．We'd better d exercise n weekdays.
C．Fat peple usually live shrter than thin peple.
D．Exercise habits have a big influence n death.
8．What des Emmanuel Stamatakis suggest ding?
A．Paying attentin t the risk f early death.
B．Trying t d mre exercise if we have time.
C．Getting at least 150 minutes f activity a week.
D．Aviding ding much intense physical activity.
C
Befre yu were my teacher, I thught that teaching was the last thing I wanted t d. Why wuld smene want t cme in every day and attempt t instruct students, many f whm culdn't care less, r t get paid very little cmpared with the wrk he r she put in?
Yu may have thught that the nly thing I was learning frm yu was the curse, but that's nt all I learned. Frm reference bks t funny jkes, yu made each class exciting. Yu always tried t make class charming s that we culd be excited abut learning. Hwever, thse days have gne by.
Whenever I was cnfused and needed extra help, yu were the exact ne t turn t. I wuld walk int yur rm fr help and there wuld be several kids. Yu ran frm ne student t the next helping each ne thrugh their cnfusin. Yu culd have gne back hme after the bell rang. Instead, yu chse t stay and care abut what yur students did.
Yu didn't nly care abut my learning, but yu als cared abut ther things I was invlved in. At the beginning f the year, we wrte dwn ur hbbies and interests. Yu remembered what we wrte, t. I had missed class fr track meets (田径运动会) and when I came back the next day, yu wuld ask me hw it went. Many f the teachers never bthered t ask what I liked t d.
These things shwed me the value f teaching. They shwed me hw much f an influence a teacher can have n a student. I want t be the ne that influences students and pushes them twards success. I want students t leave my classrm thinking that their time was wrthwhile (值得的). I want t be the inspiratin fr them that yu were fr me. Whenever it gets hard fr me t cntinue n this path, I'll remember yu and what yu did fr me.
9．What did the authr think f teaching befre the teacher taught him?
A．Dull but wrthwhile.
B．Bring and lwpaid.
C．Hnurable but dangerus.
D．Challenging and easilyattacked.
10．Hw did the authr find the teacher's class in Paragraph 2?
A．Disappinting. B．Difficult.
C．Wnderful. D．Cmmn.
11．Why did the teacher ask his students t write dwn their hbbies and interests?
A．T understand them better.
B．T invlve them in mre activities.
C．T treat them differently.
D．T cntrl them in a better way.
12．What des the authr think the value f teaching lies in?
A．The care and passin that teachers have.
B．The prcess f students' frming a gd habit.
C．The successful students whm a teacher has taught.
D．The influence n students' develpment in the future.
Ⅱ.七选五
After Steve Jbs died, his friend Larry Ellisn said smething like this. “There will never be anther Steve Jbs.”__1__ Larry wrte this list f Steve's life lessns t remind us all.
1. Lve what yu d.
Sure Steve became a billinaire when he brught Apple back. Apple was his calling－even after he gt fired frm the cmpany. We all have bad jbs at ne pint in ur lives. But the questin is: Am I in the right jb? Have I fund the right cmpany? Life desn't g n frever. __2__
2. Dn't d it all by yurself.
Steve learned a great leader can't d it all by himself. He needs peple. They must be talented. __3__ They must be given the pprtunity t succeed and fail. In shrt, we have t learn t be a great leader if we want t see ur great ideas and hard wrk truly have an influence n the wrld.
3. __4__
Apple was always the best at creating a new prduct that meets the exact needs f users. It's empathy (同感) that helps Apple achieve this. Whenever the user has the first tuch with a new Apple prduct, he says “Ww, it's just what I need.” Remember: Yu're King in the business wrld if yu knw exactly what cnsumers desire.
4. Dn't mess arund with yur health.
__5__ That's the mst imprtant lessn frm Steve's life. It's great t learn frm him but, the fact is that he shuld still be here if he had treated his cancer prperly. Instead, Steve chse a naturpathic (自然疗法) slutin that wasn't effective. When he finally decided t take his dctr's riginal advice, it was t late.
A．They must be inspired.
B．Be the best in yur field.
C．Take yur health seriusly.
D．Get n ur right path nw.
E．Will this lead t a successful career?
F．Put yurself in the ther persn's shes.
G．What are the key things that we culd learn frm him?
Ⅲ.语法填空
The rati (比率) f verweight peple 1.________ participated in a survey increased frm 29% in 2012 t 31.5% in 2016, and 2.________ number f highly verweight peple 3.________ (rise) t 550,000, creating a serius headache fr 4.________ (medicine) services. The increase f highly verweight peple was 5.________ (particular) sharp amng thse in their 20s. The numbers came frm a study f physical examinatins 6.________ (publish) by the Health Insurance Service.
Accrding t the survey, the highly besity (肥胖) rate amng yung peple can be a result f their 7.________ (addict) t salt intake and sft drinks frm childhd. Eating t much salty fd is cnsidered as a main factr leading t health prblems. Besides, drinking sft drinks is als t blame because it makes peple mre likely 8.________ (gain) weight.
The result may affect the new lifestyle f thse peple. 9.________ (cut) dwn n salt can be hard, 10.________ repeated training t prefer less salty fd is necessary. Start by adding half as much salt t yur dinner as yu nrmally d.
Part 2 Lessn 1 The Underdg
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．inspiratin 2.sharply 3.extra 4.earn 5.crashed 6.gathered
7．defeated 8.energy 9.desire 10.packed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．energetic 2.sharp 3.package 4.crwded 5.t win
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．try ut fr 2.gathered arund 3.pay ff 4.crashed int
5．keep up with 6.let dwn 7.earn a place
8．desn't; anymre 9.packed up
Ⅳ.语法专练
1．(1)that/wh/whm (2)wh/that (3)whse
(4)that/which (5)that/which (6)that (7)that
(8)whse (9)wh (10)that
2．(1)(that/wh/whm) they are waiting fr
(2)(that) I stayed at
(3)whse huse was destryed
(4)wh/that have passed the exam
(5)(that) I've ever read
Ⅴ.语法填空
1．答案与解析：wh 考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，故填wh。
2．答案与解析：were watching 考查时态。根据When we weren't playing n the curt可知，此处用过去进行时，故填were watching。
3．答案与解析：actually 考查副词。此处修饰动词agree，做状语，应用副词形式，故填actually。
4．答案与解析：shrtest 考查形容词的最高级。根据ever in the NBA可知，此处应用最高级，故填shrtest。
5．答案与解析：being 考查动名词做主语。分析句子结构可知，此处做主语，表示抽象的、一般的行为，应用动名词，故填being。
6．答案与解析：inspiratin 考查名词。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词his可知，此处用名词形式，故填inspiratin。
7．答案与解析：ut 考查副词。try ut为固定短语，表示“尝试”，故填ut。
8．答案与解析：replacement 考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知，此处填名词replacement。
9．答案与解析：Althugh 考查连词。Althugh引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。
10．答案与解析：t play 考查动词不定式。此处用不定式做定语，故填t play。
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。大多数人都把注意力集中在挣钱、争取更高的社会地位和名誉上，但是研究表明这些并不足以提高我们的健康和幸福指数，本文就此进行了论述。
1．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。后文主要论述了健康快乐主要取决于什么，而这些问题的提出就是为了引出接下来的论述，故选D。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。后面一句提到他们可能觉得有必要为教育、医疗、住房和汽车赚很多钱，所以说美国人沉溺于挣钱和工作，故选A项be addicted t。be aware f意识到；be upset abut对……感到心烦意乱；be tired f对……感到厌烦。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的wealth, scial psitin and an imprtant jb title d nt necessarily lead t health and happiness可知，人的健康并不只是依赖于财富和地位而存在，故选D。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由最后一段的后两句可知，人与人之间的关系对我们的健康有巨大影响，所以我们应该注重这种关系的培养，也就是与朋友经常保持联系，故选C。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了健康的生活方式。研究发现对于工作日没有时间运动的人来说，周末运动也有利于身体健康。
5．答案与解析：D 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要谈论的是运动有利于健康，故可推知答案为D项。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It tk place ver a nineyear perid.”可知，B项正确，其余选项均与原文不符。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句、第二段的第一句和第三段可知，研究表明对于工作日没有时间运动的人来说，周末运动也是有利于身体健康的，那些即使锻炼不多的人也比根本不锻炼的人寿命长。这说明做一点儿运动总比一点儿都不做要好。
8．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Hwever, t be in the best health, Stamatakis says mre exercise is better.”可知，Stamatakis认为多锻炼对身体有益。故B项正确。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位老师对自己产生的深远影响，后来作者也决定从事教师这一职业。
9．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Why wuld smene want t cme in every day and attempt t instruct students, many f whm culdn't care less, r t get paid very little cmpared with the wrk he r she put in？可知，作者认为老师的教学工作很无聊，而且这份工作报酬也很少。故选B项。
10．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的Frm reference bks t funny jkes, yu made each class exciting. Yu always tried t make class charming s that we culd be excited abut learning.可知，这位老师让他的课堂非常生动有趣，使学生们爱上学习，因此作者认为他的课堂是令学生们感到愉快的。故选C项。
11．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句Yu didn't nly care abut my learning, but yu als cared abut ther things I was invlved in. At the beginning f the year, we wrte dwn ur hbbies and interests.可知，老师让孩子们写下兴趣和爱好是为了更多地了解他们。故选A项。
12．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句They shwed me hw much f an influence a teacher can have n a student. I want t be the ne that influences students and pushes them twards success.可知，从这位老师身上，作者看到了老师对学生的影响是巨大的，所以作者认为教育的价值在于对学生的未来发展产生的影响。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，乔布斯很伟大，他创造的苹果公司非常成功。那么我们可以从他身上学到什么呢？文章介绍了我们可以从乔布斯身上得到的启示。
1．答案与解析：G 空格前一句告诉我们不会再有另外一个乔布斯了，说明乔布斯是一个伟大且特别的人，我们可以从他的身上学到什么呢？G项“What are the key things that we culd learn frm him？”符合上下文语境，故选择G项。
2．答案与解析：D 根据上文可知乔布斯曾经被苹果公司开除过，每个人都有不好的工作经历，但是我们要确保自己走在正确的道路上，D项“Get n ur right path nw.”符合上下文语境，故选择D项。
3．答案与解析：A 本段第一句“Steve learned a great leader can't d it all by himself.”告诉我们伟大的领袖不可能自己做所有的事情，他们也需要别人的帮助和鼓励。A项“They must be inspired.”与第二句“He needs peple.”语意一致，故选择A项。
4．答案与解析：F 根据本段第三句“Whenever the user has the first tuch with a new Apple prduct, he says ‘Ww, it's just what I need.’”可知，用户认为苹果产品正是他们需要的，说明苹果公司站在用户的立场上考虑产品的设计。F项“Put yurself in the ther persn's shes.”与本段中心思想一致，故选择F项。
5．答案与解析：C 本段的主题是“Dn't mess arund with yur health. (不要毁坏你的健康)”。提醒我们一定要注意健康，C项“Take yur health seriusly.”与主旨一致。故选择C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了肥胖人群比例增加，肥胖的主要原因是摄入太多盐和饮用过量软饮料。
1．答案与解析：wh/that 考查关系词。句意：参与调查的超重人群比例从2012年的29%上升到2016年的31.5%。先行词为peple，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词wh/that。
2．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。the number f意为“……的数量”，故填冠词the。
3．答案与解析：rse 考查动词时态。根据上文increased可知，应用一般过去时，故填rse。
4．答案与解析：medical 考查形容词。services为名词，需用形容词修饰，故填medical。
5．答案与解析：particularly 考查副词。句意：在20多岁的人群中，严重超重人群的增长尤为明显。sharp为形容词，需用副词修饰，故填particularly。
6．答案与解析：published 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语动词came，且句中没有连词，故publish只能作非谓语，且与逻辑主语a study构成被动关系，故用过去分词published。
7．答案与解析：addictin 考查名词。句意：调查显示，年轻人的高肥胖率可能是因为他们从小就对盐摄入和软饮料上瘾。their为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故填addictin，表示“瘾”。
8．答案与解析：t gain 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，喝软饮料也是一个原因，因为它使人们更有可能增加体重。be likely t d sth.意为“有可能做某事”，故填t gain。
9．答案与解析：Cutting 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，应该用动名词短语作主语，陈述一个事实，且位于句首，故此处用Cutting。
10．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：减少盐的摄入量可能很困难，但是反复训练来喜欢低盐食物是必要的。前后文为转折关系，故用转折连词but。
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
关键能力综合练
进阶训练第二层
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