【高考真题解密】高考英语真题题源——专题01《阅读理解（文学概论）》母题解密（新高考卷）
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专题01 阅读理解（文学概论）
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考Ⅰ卷）
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
一、母题分析
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
框架结构 | 文学概论评分政策：Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）；Late Work |
分析 | 主要看标题以及黑体小标题，大致可以得出下列几个结论： 1.文章主要讲述文学概论评分标准的相关政策 2. 政策包括以下几点：①得分大致分为ABCDE五个档次；②评分内容包括三个部分，Essays（占比60%）；Group Assignments（占比30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（占比10%） 3.延迟交作业会有相对应的措施。 |
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
主要内容及关键词 | 讲述论文以及小组任务的评分政策：main part of the grade for this course；four assignments；Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course；Blackboard, our online learning and course management system |
分析 | 注意其中的细节关键词，如“main part”“this course”“four assignments”以及三种任务提交方式“Blackboard, our online learning and course management system”。 |
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
主要内容及关键词 | 日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业的评分细则：short in-class writings or tests；take careful notes；group work；short assignments |
分析 | 需要注意其中的关键词，如学生在课堂上需要做小组任务（group work），而回家就需要做短期作业（short assignments）。 |
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
主要内容及关键词 | 延迟交作业的几个结果： If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero；will be accepted |
分析 | 注意延迟比较作业后两个的零分的情况以及一个可以接受的情况。 |
二、命题规律
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
命题规律及备考建议 | ||
命题规律 | 1. 考察文章出处。可以根据大标题以及黑体小标题大致判断出文章属于什么类型，也就是之前分析的文章的框架结构和关键词：Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）；Late Work | |
2. 正确选项C设置：文章结构的综合归纳。Grading Policies；the main part of the grade for this course；Late Work→A course plan | ||
3. 错误选项设置 | ①原文重点词汇的错误归纳。原文用“Essays（论文）”以及“Group Assignments（小组作业）”，选项用“textbook（课本）”，原文关键词跟textbook有一定的相关性，但textbook忽略了文章大标题“Grading Policies（打分政策）”。 | |
②原文关键词把控错误。原文用“In-Class Writings and Tests（课堂写作和测试）”，选项用“exam paper”，这个错误选项也有原文的干扰来源，但是原文说的课堂学做和测试都是作为文学课程打分的一个依据。文章除了考试这个依据以外，还有家庭作业、小组任务以及论文。 | ||
③信息的错误转换。原文用“major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course”，选项用“academic article（学术文章）”。原文用课程、论文来作为打分依据，而选项中学术文章是对原文的理解过于片面。 | ||
备考建议 | 文章出处的题型多关注文章结构、标题、数据等信息，牢牢抓住关键词以把握文章主要思想。 | |
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
命题规律及备考建议 | ||
命题规律 | 1. 考察文章细节。文学概论评分主要包含三个板块： Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%） | |
2. 正确选项B设置：对原文小标题的细节把控，学生总分等于论文的60%+小组作业的30%+以及日常作业的10% | ||
3. 错误选项设置 | ①设置可能的干扰信息。 | |
②设置可能的干扰信息。原文用“Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%”，学生可能会选出选项中的“Four”。 | ||
③设置干扰信息：学生可能会数五个小标题得知是5个或者是原文的“90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.”这五个等级。 | ||
备考建议 | 答题抓住题干关键词，如本题题干是“final grade made up of”，而不是“Grading scale”，学生审题时要格外小心陷阱干扰信息。 | |
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
命题规律及备考建议 | ||
命题规律 | 1. 考察段落细节。延迟交作业时的措施：If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero；will be accepted。主要还是之前分析的两个得零分的情况还有一种可接受的情况。 | |
2. 正确选项A设置：题干关键词与原文的信息同义转换。原文用“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero”，题干是“one week after the due date”，说明题干正好和原文关键句一致，超过截止日期四天以上将得0分 | ||
3. 错误选项设置 | ①原文信息的移花接木。原文用“An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade”，选项用“lose a letter grade”，选项和原文信息不一致。 | |
②对原文信息东拼西凑。原文用“complete short in-class writings or tests”表达日常作业的评分细则，和题干不匹配，选项用“given a test”，完全是东拼西凑。 | ||
③原文信息的错误挖掘。原文用并未提及重写这个相关信息，选项用“have to rewrite it”，此处错误选项进行了错误的推断。 | ||
备考建议 | 答题时注意抓住题干关键词，将题干关键词定位到原文相关信息。如本题，只要锁定题干关键词“one week after the due date”，就可以快速定位到原文“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”，科直接得出答案。 | |
总结
应用型说明文常见的解题方法：
1. 关键词定位法
高考试题中，应用文的题目设置常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，故考生准确快速的锁定信息非常关键。即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。
一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅读题干时，把题干中有标记意义的词或词组标出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后用这个词回原文当中定
- 积累该文体常见话题词汇和话题词汇的缩写形式
由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词，这就要求同学们平时要在老师的指导下，有意识地尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语。
例如：表时间，路程，数量：am=morning， pm=afternoon， Mon=Monday， Jan.=January，hr=hour， hrs =hours， P.W.=perweek，ml= mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum
表通信和影视设备：Te1.=telephone number， Ph.=phone
表媒体：VOA=Voice of America，BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation
表学历、职业：MA=Master of Arts，BS degree= bachelor’s degree(学士学位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=very important persons
表国家、组织、地点：the USA=the United States of America，the PRC=the People’s Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain
表方向：s=south， n=north， w=west，e=east
其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal computer 等等。
3. 熟悉各种省略句
省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted. 根据文意，可将该句补充为＂A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。) ＂。
4. 排除法
排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。
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