高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题九定语从句课件 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题九定语从句课件 (含解析)，共24页。

考向分析定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中 考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中均有涉及,考查 的重点是that,which,wh,whse,when,where等关系词的用法。
考点清单一、关系代词引导的定语从句单句填空1.The little prblems 　 that/which    we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.答案　that/which　句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为 伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从句。题干中,The little prblems是先 行词,且指物,　　     we meet in ur daily lives是定语从句,从句中缺少 宾语,因此用that/which引导定语从句。
2.My eldest sn, 　 whse   wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.答案　whse　句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各 地。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词sn,设空处在句中作定语修饰 wrk,所以要用关系代词whse。3.The number f smkers,　 as   is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.答案　as　句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少 了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内 容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。as is reprted正如报道的那 样。
4.Please send us all the infrmatin　 that    yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.答案　that　句意:请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所 有信息发给我们。在本句中,先行词infrmatin被all修饰,所以只能填关 系代词that,而不填which。5.If the earth is pisned, the water, the fd and the animals will be pi- sned,　 which    means that we wh pisn the earth will be pisned t.答案　which　句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和动物就会被污染,这 意味着将土地污染了的我们也将被污染。先行词为设空处前的内容,先 行词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。
6.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)But Sarah, 　 wh    has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.答案　wh　两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,关系 词在从句中作主语,故填wh。单句改错7.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg- etables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse.   that→which   答案　that→which　逗号之后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为garden,关 系词在从句中作主语,故用which而不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。
1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析只用that的情况:(1)先行词是all, smething, everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few 等不定代词;(2)先行词被all, any, every, n, little(少), much, sme等词修饰;(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;(4)先行词被the nly, the very(正好、恰好), the last修饰;(5)先行词中既有人也有物;
(6)在which或wh的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;(7)先行词是the way， 并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。This is the very film that I want t see.这正是一部我想看的影片。The famus writer and his bk that yu referred t just nw are well knwn nw.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。先行词指物时,只用which的情况:(1)引导非限制性定语从句;(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;The president f the Wrld Bank says he has a passin fr China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhd.
世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的童年。The result was nt the same as they had expected, which was rather disap- pinting.结果与当初他们预料的不一样,这让人觉得很失望。2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
She married again, which was unexpected.她再婚了,这是始料不及的。She married again, as we expected.正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。3.其他关系代词的用法辨析
Each graduate standing in the playgrund, wh was accmpanied by a parent, wuld be awarded a diplma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,由校长给他们颁发文凭。My daughter, whse jb requires her t d a lt f travelling, is always away frm hme.我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句单句填空1.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, 　 when    I was the first Western TV re- prter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm star- vatin in the wild.答案　when　逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,且关系词 在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
2.(2015广东)When harvest came arund, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cttn in the market　 where peple frm the twns met regularly.答案　where　地点名词market为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导定语从句。 3.The reasn 　 why    any f us take any risks at all might have t d with early humans.答案　why　空前的reasn为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用 关系副词why引导定语从句。
4.I’ve gt t a pint in my life 　 where     I knw I am smart enugh t dive int an area that is ttally unknwn, hard, but interesting.答案　where　pint为先行词,关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导 定语从句。【知识拓展】　当先行词是activity,situatin,pint,case,stage,scene等抽 象名词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where作为定语从句的引导词。单句改错 5.In my pinin,Beijing is the mst beautiful city, which I spent my last summer hliday.   which→where   答案　which→where　先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故 which错误,应改为where。
三个关系副词引导的定语从句
It has set up a big stage fr yung peple with a talent fr music,where sme have std ut amng them.它为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中 脱颖而出。The reasn why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。
三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句单句填空1.Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f 　 which  has been prved. 答案　which　句意: 就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但 没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theries,将先行词代入定语从句 后可知关系词在定语从句中作介词f的宾语,故答案为which。
2.In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f 　 whse    pur- pses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.答案　whse　句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织 的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的 先行词是the Wrld Fd Prgramme,与定语从句中的purpses是所属关 系,即the Wrld Fd Prgramme’s purpses,故填whse。3.Many yung peple, mst f 　 whm   were well-educated, headed fr re- mte regins t chase their dreams. 答案　whm　句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们 中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为yung peple,指人,将先行词代 入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作介词f的宾语,故答案为 whm。
单句改错4.Alice asked the pliceman with she wrked t cntact her whenever there was an accident.   with后加whm   答案　with后加whm　先行词为pliceman,指人,关系词在定语从句中 作介词with的宾语,故应用whm作为定语从句的引导词。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的两个考查点1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whm,指物时常用 which。另外,whse也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whse+名词”结构, whse指人、物皆可。With the fast develpment f agriculture, the peple, in whse village she taught 10 years ag, have lived a happy life.随着农业的快速发展,在她10年前教书的村子里,人们一直过着幸福的生活。
2.考查该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的 意义;从句中动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时,介词常用f。常见结构:①在sme,any,few,little,nne,all,bth,neither,many,mst,each等代词或数 词后可以用f which/whm。②“the+比较级或最高级”后用f which/whm等。The children, all f whm had played the whle day lng, were wrn ut.孩子们玩了一整天,都累坏了。
四、分隔式定语从句单句填空1.(2015四川)The bks n the desk,　 whse    cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.答案　whse　句意:桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。本题 考查定语从句。先行词为The bks,与从句中的cvers为所属关系,故 答案为whse。2.We really lve Indian fd and such ccasins are very rare 　 when     we have s many fds available at such lw prices.答案　when　空格处之前的先行词ccasins指时间,且关系词在定语 从句中作时间状语,故填when。
单句改错3.I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, when my classmates recmmended t me.   when→which   答案　when→which　先行词为bk,且关系词在非限制性定语从句中 作recmmended的宾语,故应用which引导定语从句。
定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后,但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间 插入其他成分,使从句与先行词分隔开来,从而形成了分隔式定语从句 (也可称为“间隔式定语从句”)。如:Tm was the first student in his class wh had wn the schlarship. (先行 词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开) 汤姆是他的班里 第一个获得奖学金的学生。