Unit 5 知识点归纳总结（期末复习） 最全面人教版八年级上册英语

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?一、词汇与短语● 重点单词● 重点短语● 重点句子● 重点单词变形二、语法知识点A部分1、动词不定式动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”构成的，这里的to没有词义，只是为了构成不定式的一种符号，是非谓语动词形式的一种，动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，除了不能作谓语以外，其他成分都可以作，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。❶ 动词不定式做主语：这种情况一般要改成it作形式主语的形式，后接不定式，为了避免头重脚轻。● “It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是…的”中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。eg To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。=It is very important for me to learn English.For you to make more friends is a good plan. 广交朋友是个好办法。= It's a good plan for you to make more friends.● “It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”意为"做某事对某人来说是…的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质, 如：kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。eg It was stupid of him to press the emergency button. 他按了紧急按钮，这真愚蠢。❷ 本单元我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语的用法：现就动词不定式作宾语的用法介绍如下：● 谓语动词＋动词不定式，此类动词很多，常见的有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer（主动提出）, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend（假装）, intend（打算）, begin, attempt（试图）, decide, learn, desire（渴望）, agree, care, choose, determine（查明）, undertake（承担，承诺）,expect 等eg Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。He likes to go to the movie. 他喜欢去看电影。She wants to help Mary. 她想要帮助玛丽。She pretended not to go. 她假装不去。● 另外tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, know, explain 等动词（短语），常跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。eg Please teach me how to play the piano. 请教我怎么弹钢琴。No one could tell me where to get the book. 没有人能告诉我去哪里得到这本书。● find, think, feel等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式为真正的宾语。eg I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the boring work.我认为对我们来说，在烦闷的工作之后好好休息是有必要的。She felt it her duty to help the old man. 她觉得帮助这个老人是她的责任。❸ 动词不定式做宾语补足语：可以分为两种情况，一种是带to的动词不定式做宾补，另一种是，主动语态里不带to，而变为被动语态时候要加上to。● 带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词主要有：请求允许与建议（ask，allow，advise）；期望邀请与鼓励（expect，invite，encourage）；教导告诉与想要（teach，tell，want）；希望等待与愿意（wish，wait for would like）eg I told him not to give up. 我叫他不要放弃。Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那儿去？The father allowed his son to travel abroad alone.父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。● 动词不定式做宾补，主动语态里不带to，而变为被动语态时候要加上to。多属于感官动词“一注意（notice）；一感觉（feel）；二听（hear；listen to）；三让（make, have, let）；四看（see，look at，watch，observe观察到）”例如：make/have sb. do sth.eg I made him do it. 我叫他做这事。I saw him play basketball. 我看见他在打篮球They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。❹ 动词不定式做目的状语，主要掌握，不定式作目的状语，原因状语和结果状语● 目的状语，位于句首或句末，位于句首时表示强调。eg I went to town to buy some books. 我去城里买了一些书To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。He came to China to learn Chinese twenty years ago. 他在20年前到中国学中文。● 原因状语，多用于：sb.+be+adj.+to do … 常用在 glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等与情绪有关的形容词后。eg I am glad to see him. 我很高兴看到他。Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere. 苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。Sara was excited to see the rock band. 莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。● 结果状语，多用于“too … to与enough to …”结构中。eg He lived to be 200. 他活到了200岁。I am too tired to study well. 我太累了而不能学习好❺ 动词不定式作表语, 动词不定式作表语，通常是说明主语的内容是什么，性质，特征等eg His wish is to be a teacher. 他的愿望是当一名老师.My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家.❻ 动词不定式作定语, 主要看不定式与所修饰词之间的关系。● 主谓关系：被修饰词的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。eg We need someone to help with the work. 我们需要有人帮忙做这项工作。=Someone help with the work.（主谓关系）● 动宾关系：被修饰词的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑动宾。eg I have many letters to write. 我有许多信要写。=to write many letters （动宾关系）● 同位关系：被修饰词的名词实际上是指的同一件事。eg I made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我指定了一个学习雷锋的计划.● 状语关系：被修饰词的名词实际上是动词不定式动作的方式，时间等，这些名词多是抽象名词eg That is the way to do it. 那样做才对。I don't have time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。❼ 带疑问词的动词不定式：动词不定式前可与疑问词（how／what／when／where／which／whose（＋名词））+动词不定式，意为“应该如何做／何时做／何地做／做哪些事…”。在句子里作主语，宾语，表语等，注意why后的不定式不带toeg I don't know what to do next. 我不知道接下来做什么. （作宾语）We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。（作宾语）where to go is not decide yet. 去哪儿还没有决定 （主语）● 可以单独使用，相当于一个特殊疑问句eg what to do next?= what will you to do next? 下一步怎么办？Why go there?=Why do you go there? 为什么去那里？❽ 动词不定式难点: 不定式与它所修饰的词构成动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词的时候，后面必须加上适当的介词。eg I'm looking for a house to live in. 我正在找一个房子住。I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张纸在上面写字。There's nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。● 不定式作定语且修饰的名词是：place time 或ways时，不定式后的介词要省去。eg He has no money and no place to live. 他没有钱也没有地方住❾ 动词不定式的否定形式：不定式的否定式不难理解，就是not/never to do…, 不带to的不定式是not/never do….eg He decided not to play football. 他决定不去踢足球。I told him never to play football in the street.我告诉他不要在街上踢球。固定用法：2、show的用法show此处用作可数名词，意为“（电视或广播的）节目”。❶ show用作名词，还可意为“表演；展览”；on show意为“在展出；在展览中”。eg There is a flower show in the park. 公园里有一个花展。My paintings are on show in Beijing this month.我的画作本月在北京展出。❷ show用作及物动词，意为“给…看；展示”，表示这一意思时，可用于两个结构。即show sb. sth.或 show sth. to sb.eg Please show me your English book. 请将你的英语书给我看看。=Please show your English book to me.3、mind的用法mind此处作及物动词，意为“介意;对（某事）烦恼”，通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，后面可接名词、代词、动名词或从句。eg Would you mind making some room for the patient?你介意给这位病人让点儿地方吗？Do you mind if I call you later? 你介意我晚点儿给你打电话吗？mind作动词，还可意为“当心;注意”。eg Mind the step! 小心台阶！Now mind! You must hurry home. 现在注意！你们必须赶快回家。mind作名词，意为“头脑;想法;记性”。eg An idea has just come into my mind. 我刚才想到一个主意。Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。● Would you mind（my）doing sth. 句型进行回答时，表示“不介意”常用Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not.等；表示 "介意”习惯用 I'm sorry,but…有关mind的常见搭配：4、watch, see, read 与 look的区别eg Look! The boy is watching the football game. His father is seeing a film and his mother is reading a newspaper. 看！这个男孩儿正在看足球赛。他的爸爸正在看电影，他的妈妈正在看报纸。Then let's watch a talk show. 那么让我们看访谈节目吧。5、news的用法news为不可数名词，意为“新闻节目；新闻;消息”，它虽然以s结尾，但不是名词复数形式。若要表达“一则消息/一条新闻”应用a piece of news在句中作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。eg The news makes the children excited. 这则消息令孩子们很兴奋。In the room we collect the latest news and prepare the weather report.在这个房间里，我们收集最新的新闻，准备天气预报。● 某些学科名词和以-s结尾的不可数名词，虽然形式上是复数形式，但实际上是单数.如:maths（数学），physics（物理学），politics（政 治）等。6、learn…from…的用法learn…from… 意为“从…获得…；从…学到…”learn from…意为“向…学习”eg She learned Chinese from a Chinese girl. 她跟着一个中国女孩儿学习中文。Lin Hui thinks she can learn some great jokes from sitcoms.林慧认为她能从情景喜剧中学到一些很棒的笑话.7、plan的用法plan此处用作及物动词,意为“打算;计划”,常用于plan to do sth.结构，意为“打算/计划做某事”。eg I plan to go to the dentist this afternoon. 今天下午我打算去看牙医。She plans to watch Days of Our Past tonight. 她打算今晚去看《我们过去的日子》。● plan作名词，意为“计划”。make a plan for...意为“为…制订计划”。eg They made a new plan for the use of time. 他们制订了利用时间的新计划。8、hope与wish的用法eg I hope to see your father as soon as possible. 我希望尽快见到你父亲。We hope that you have a good time. 我们希望你过得愉快。I hope to find out what's going on around the world.我希望弄清世界各地正在发生什么事情。I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周见到你。I wish I could fly like a bird. 我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。I hope/wish to play basketball. 我希望去打篮球。I wish Tom to play basketball. 我希望汤姆去打篮球。9、stand的用法stand此处意为“忍受,忍耐”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。can't stand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事。eg I can't stand smoking in the house. 我受不了房屋里(有人)抽烟。I can't stand that man，he talks too much. 我不能忍受那个男人，他说得太多。Oh, I can't stand them 噢，我不能忍受它们。● stand也可表示“站，站立”。eg The two men stood up and shook hands. 那两个男人站起来，握了握手。They are standing under the tree. 他们正站在树下。discussion的用法discuss 动词，意为“讨论；商量”→discussion名词，意为“讨论；商量”。 have a discussion about…意为“进行一次关于…的讨论”。eg We had a discussion about buying a house. 我们讨论买房的事情了。We had a discussion about TV shows. 我们进行了一次关于电视节目的讨论。11、happen 与 take place的用法happen不及物动词，意为“发生；出现”，一般指偶然发生，其主语常为事，而不能是人。happen常用于下列结构：❶ Sth. + happen (s)/happened + 地点/时间 “某地/某时发生了某事”。eg The moving story happened in 2013. 这个感人的故事发生在2013年。I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜欢跟随故事情节看接下来发生的事情。❷ Sth. + happen(s)/happened + to sb. 某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”。eg A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。❸ Sb. + happen(s)/happened + to do sth. “某人碰巧做某事”。eg I happened to meet a friend on the street yesterday.昨天我在街上碰巧遇到了一个朋友。❹ It happens/happened that+从句. 碰巧/恰巧发生某事”。eg It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家里。eg A traffic accident happened to him. 一场交通事故发生在他身上。The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。12、expect的用法expect动词，意为“预料；期待”。 expect to do sth. 意为“期待做某事”。eg I expect to have a good result. 我期待有一个好结果。you can expect to learn a lot from them. 你可以期望从它们中学到很多（知识）expect还可用于下別结构：❶ expect +名词/代词，意为"期待某事（物）或某人eg I'm expecting Li Lin's letter. 我正盼着李林的来信。❷expect sb. to do sth. 意为''期望某人做某事”。eg I expect my mother to come back early. 我盼望着我妈妈早点儿回来。❸expect +从句，意为"预计……"。eg I expect that I'll come back next Monday. 我预计我将在下周一回来。one day 与 some dayeg I'd like to visit China one day. 我想某一天去游览中国。I hope to be a TV reporter one day. 我希望有一 天成为一名电视台记者。One day I met my Chinese teacher on the street. 有一天我在街上遇到我的语文老师。He'll come to know it one/some day. 他总有一天会知道这一点。14、joke的用法joke可数名词，意为“笑话;玩笑”；常用短语:tell jokes/a joke 意为"讲笑话；play a joke on sb. 意为“开某人的玩笑”。eg He likes telling jokes. 他喜欢讲笑话。Tom played a joke on me just now. 汤姆刚才和我开了个玩笑。You can learn some great jokes. 你能学到一些很棒的笑话。B部分1、relaxing与relaxed的用法eg Have a relaxing weekend! （祝你）度过一个轻松的周末！Tom looks very relaxed after a relaxing vacation.在过了一个轻松的假期之后，汤姆看上去很放松。2、meaningless的用法mean意味，意思→meaning意思→meaningful有意义的→meaningless无意义的meaningless形容词，意为“毫无意义的；意思不明确的”，其反义词是meaningful “意味深长的;有意义的”。eg Lots of people think scary movies are meaningless. 许多人认为恐怖影片毫无意义。类似的+less的形容词还有：3、famous的用法famous形容词，意为“著名的；出名的”。eg France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其美食和葡萄酒而出名。eg This place is famous for its sheep. 这个地方因其绵羊而出名。He is famous as a great actor. 他作为一名伟大的演员而出名。This singer is famous to lots of young people. 这位歌手为许多年轻人所熟知。4、介词with的用法❶ 意为“带有，具有”。eg He's a tall boy with short hair. 他是一个留着短发的高个子男孩儿。We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears—Mickey Mouse.我们都知道并喜爱那只长着两个大圆耳朵的黑色老鼠。❷ “用；以；借”，表示使用工具、手段等。eg Cut it with a knife. 用刀把它切开。❸ “和……在一起”,表示伴随。eg Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电彩吗？❹ “与……对立；反对”。eg I had an argument with my boss. 我跟我的老板吵了一架。❺ “关于.对于”,表示某种关系或适用范围。eg Are you pleased with the result? 你对结果满意吗？❻ “随着，与……同时”。eg With these words,he left the room. 说完这些话，他离开了房间5、appear的用法appear意为“出现;露面”时，为不及物动词，常用副词或介词短语修饰；appear意为"显得；看来；好像”时，为系动词，后跟名词、形容词、动词不定式或that从句作表语。eg Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.80多年前，他首次在卡通片《威利号汽船》中出现。Does the sun appear on the horizon at six? 太阳在六点專出地平线吗？My friends didn't appear until seven o'clock. 我的朋友直到七点钟才出现。6、come out的用法❶ come out 意为“发行;出版”。eg When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18,1928 , it was the first cartoon with sound and music.当这部卡通片于1928年11 月18日在纽约发行时，它是第一部带有配音和音乐的卡通片。My first book came out in 2013. 我的第一本书于2Q13年出版了❷ come out 意为“出来，出现”。eg The sun is coming out.太阳要出来了。❸ come out意为“开花;发芽”。eg Some flowers begin to come out. 一些花开始开了。❹ come out意为“透露；为人所知”。eg The truth has come out at last. 事情终于真相大白了。7、五个含义为“变”的系动词的用法eg Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。He became very rich and successful. 他变得非常富有和成功。It is getting colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷。The skies grew dark and it began to rain. 天渐渐黑了，又下起雨来The milk has gone sour. 这牛奶变酸了。He decided to turn professional. 他决定转为职业人员。8、rich的用法rich形容词，意为“富有的”，其反义词为poor,意为“贫穷的”。eg She is one of the richest women in the city. 她是这个城市里最富有的女性之一。❶ the rich 相当于 the rich people,意为“富人；有钱人”,表示一类人。作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式。这一类型还有：the young（年轻人）；the poor （穷人）；the old（老人）eg The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是幸福的。❷ be rich in...意为“盛产……”eg This country is rich in oil. 这个国家盛产石油。9、“ in + the +整十年份-s/'s ”的用法“ in + the +整十年份-s/'s ”表示“在……世纪……年代”。eg In the 1930s 在20世纪30年代in the 1970s/1970's 在20世纪70年代10、main reason的用法main形容词，意为“主要的；最重要的”，无比较等级，常在名词前作定语。reason用作可数名词，意为“原因；理由”。the/a reason for （doing） sth 意为 "（做）某事的理由”, “the reason why......” 意为 “......的原因”。eg One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man.主要原因之一是米奇像一个普通人。Center Street is a main street in town. 中心街是镇里的一条主街道。Why didn't you give any reasons? 你为什么没给出任何理由？You have no reason for doing that. 你没有理由做那件事。We don't know the reason why he was late. 我们不知道他迟到的原因。11、face的用法face用作名词“脸;面孔” face用作及物动词，意为“面对，面向”。后接名词和代词。eg Everyone must face the fact. 每个人都必须面对现实。he always tried to face any danger 他总是全力以赴去面对任何危险。12、unlucky的用法lucky形容词“幸运的”，加前缀“un-”变为unlucky，意为“不幸的；不吉利的”，常在句中作表语或定语。其反义词为lucky（幸运的）；其副词形式为unluckily（不幸地）。eg Mickey was unlucky and had many problems. 米奇是不幸的，并且遇到许多问。He was unlucky enough to miss the last train. 他很不幸，没赶上最后一趟火车。The crow is an unlucky animal in Chinese culture.在中国文化中，乌鸦是不吉祥的动物。13、lose的用法lose动词，意为"失去；丢失”,其过去式为lost。指因事故或过失失去原有的东西，也可指人专心于某事。lose还可意为“输”，其反义词是win。还有一些固定短语：lose one's way 迷路；lose weight 减肥；lose interest in对......失去兴趣。eg His grandmother lost her eyesight. 他的奶奶失明了。Tom lost himself in reading. 汤姆完全沉浸在阅读之中。They lost the game because of carelessness. 由于粗心，他们输掉了比赛。14、be ready to do sth. 的用法be ready to do sth.意为“准备好做某事；愿意做某事”。eg Tom is always ready to help other people. 汤姆总是乐于帮助他人。Right,we're ready to go. 对，我们准备好了，可以走了However,he was always ready to try his best. 然而，他总是准备好去尽其所能。15、Try one's best的用法try one's best意为“尽力;竭尽全力”, 与 do one's best 同义。try/do one's best to do sth.意为“某人尽力做某事”。eg Children are trying/doing their best to learn English.孩子们正尽他们最大努力学习英语。However,he was always ready to try his best. 然而，他总是准备好去尽其所能。16、表示“穿”的词dress up意为“装扮；乔装打扮”。 dress动词，意为“给……穿衣服”。eg The boys were all dressed up as pirates. 这些男孩儿都装扮成了海盗。She dresses up like a boy and takes her father's place to fight in the army.她装扮成一个男孩子替父从军打仗。eg My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在会自己穿衣服了。Put on your heavy coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚大衣。You'd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes.你最好穿蓝色或黑色裤子配棕色鞋子。This is a picture of a young man in a black coat. 这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。I will have on black pants and a gray shirt tomorrow.明天我会穿黑色的长裤和一件灰色的衬衫。17、take one's place的用法take one's place意为“代替;替换”, 与 take the place of sb.同义。eg I took your place to see the film. 我代替你去看电影。She dresses up like a boy and takes her father's place to fight in the army.她装扮成一个男孩子替父从军打仗。18、Do a good job的用法do a good job意为“干得好”,相当于 do well , 用于夸奖某人的工作或表现。eg She did a good job in the talent show. 在才艺表演中她表现得很好。they did a good job in the movie. 他们在影片中表现得很好。A部分sitcom n. 情景喜剧news n. 新闻节目；新闻mind v.介意;对（某事）烦恼stand v. 忍受；站立educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的plan v. & n. 几打算；计划hope v. & n. 希望discussion n. 讨论；商量happen v. 发生；出现expect v. 预料；期待joke n. 笑话；玩笑comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧片B部分meaningless adj.毫无意义的；意思不明确的action n. 行动cartoon n. 动画片；卡通片culture n. 文化；文明famous adj. 著名的；出名的appear v. 出现become v. 开始变得;变成rich adj. 富有的successful adj. 获得成功的；有成就的might modal v. 可能；可以main adj. 主要的；最重要的reason n. 原因；理由common adj. 普通的；常见的film n. 电影unlucky adj. 不幸的；不吉利的lose v. 失去；丢失ready adj. 愿意的；准备好的character n. 人物；角色simple adj. 简单的；易做的army n. 陆军；陆军部队A部分talk show 谈话类节目game show 游戏类节目soap opera 肥皂剧sports show 运动类节目think of 想起；认为plan to do sth. 计划做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事my favorite TV shows 我最喜欢的电视节目go on 发生have a discussion about 就…进行讨论expect to do sth. 期望做某事learn from 向…学习B部分action movie 动作影片over 80 years ago 八十多年前come out 出版；发行in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代try one's best 尽某人最大努力one of the main reasons 主要原因之一dress up 装扮;乔装打扮be ready to 准备好（做某事）；愿意（做某事）do a good job 干得好take sb.'s place代替某人；替换某人A部分--What do you think of talk shows? “你认为访谈类节目怎么样？”--I don't mind them. /I can't stand them. /I love watching them.“我不介意它们。/我受不了它们。/我喜欢看它们。”Do you plan to watch the news tonight? 今天晚上你打算看新闻吗？--What can you expect to learn from sitcoms? “你期望从情景喜剧中学到什么?”--You can learn some great jokes. “你能学到一些很好的笑话。”--Why do you like watching the news? “你为什么喜欢看新闻？”--Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world.“因为我希望弄清世界各地正在发生什么事情。”Well, they may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them.哦，它们可能不那么让人兴奋，但是你可以期待从中学到很多东西。B部分He became very rich and successful. 他变得非常富有和成功。One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. 主要原因之一是米老鼠像一个普通人，但他总是尽力面对任何危险。However, he was always ready to try his best. 然而,他总是准备好去尽其所能。Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey's? 谁的耳朵会比米老鼠的更有名呢？She dresses up like a boy and takes her father's place to fight in the army.她装扮成一个男孩并替父从军。A部分situation comedy=sitcom（缩写）stand—stood （过去式）education—educational（形容词）hope—hoped （过去式）discuss—discussion（名词）happen—happened（过去式）comedy—comedies（复数）plan—planned （过去式）—planning （现在分词）B部分act—action（名词）行动appear—disappear（反义词）become—became（过去式）common—uncommon（反义词）mean—meaning（名词）—meaningful （形容词）—meaningless（形容词的反义词）succeed—success（名词）—successful （形容词）—successfully（ 副词）luck—lucky（形容词）—unlucky（形容词的反义词）luckily（副词）— unluckily（副词的反义词）let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事expect to do sth.期待做某事How about doing...? 做...怎么样？be ready to do sth.准备好做某事；愿意做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事talk show意为“访谈节目”。game show意为“游戏节目”。sports show意为“运动节目”。talent show意为“才艺节目”。change one's mind 改变主意make up one's mind 下决心，做决定keep…in mind 记住never mind 不要紧，没关系watch“观看；注视”，常用于看电视、看戏、看比赛及各种表演等see"看见；看到”，强调"看"的结果，为及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语read"阅读;读”，常用于读书、看报、看杂志等look"看；瞧"，强调“看"的动作，为不及物动词，后接宾语必须与介词at连用hope"希望”，表示可以实现或能达成的"希望”。常用于两种结构：hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”；hope+ that从句；意为“希望…”。wish“希望；愿望"，常指难以实现或不能实现的愿望，从句常用虚拟语气。wish to do sth.意为“希望做某事”；wish+ that从句；意为“希望…”。hope后不能用动词不定式作宾补，而wish可以：hope sb. to do sth.（错误） wish sb. to do sth.（正确）happen意为"发生；碰巧"，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。take place意为"发生；举行，举办"，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生"，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先安排好的。one day表示过去或将来的某一天，表示将来某一天时可与some day互换some daysome day表示将来的某一天relaxingrelaxing形容词，意为“轻松的，令人轻松的”，常用于描述事物。relaxedrelaxed形容词，意为"感到放松的"，常用于描述人。homeless无家可归的hopeless无望的helpless 无助的useless 无用的careless 粗心的endless无止境的jobless 无工作的lifeless 无生命的be famous for"因为…而出名"，后接出名的原因，与be known for同义。be famous as"作为……而闻名”，后接表示职位等的词，与be known as同义。be famous to"为……所熟知”，后接表示人的词。appear 动词 “出现;露面”+dis（否定前缀）= disappear动词“消失”appear 动词 “出现;露面”+ance=appearance 名词 “出现;露面”+ance=disappearance 名词 “消失”become多用于书面语，意为"开始变得；变成”，表示由一种状态向另一种状态的转变，强调状态的变化，其后可接名词或形容词。过去式为becameget用作连系动词时，意为"变得；变成"，相当于become, 后接形容词作表语, 表示"逐渐变得”的结果。过去式为got。grow表示渐渐成为新的状态，即"渐渐地变为”，此时相当于get, 后接形容词或动词不定式。过去式为grew。go表示"变化”时，一般指变为不好的状态。过去式为went。turn意为"（使）变成，成为；转变"，表示和从前完全不同。过去式为turned。名词形容词副词luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地无unlucky不幸的unluckily不幸地dress宾语通常是人，dress sb. 意思是“给……穿衣服";get dressed “穿衣服”dress oneself“某人自己穿衣服”put on“穿上，戴上"，强调穿、戴的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。wear"穿着；戴着”，强调状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰品、奖章等in介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色，它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。have onhave on 意思是"穿着，戴着”