2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：定语从句-做题技巧

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：定语从句-做题技巧，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了which，that，是否缺主语或宾语，as 的使用，定语从句，them，whom，him，定语从句与并列句，thatwhich等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点1：关系代词和关系副词的选用
The wman — she lives next dr — is a dctr.
The wman wh lives next dr is a dctr.
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代人用“wh”或”that”
We knw a lt f peple— they live in Lndn.
We knw a lt f peple wh live in Lndn.
The machine— it brke dwn — has nw been repaired.
The machine which brke dwn has nw been repaired.
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代物用“which”或”that”
Barbara wrks fr a cmpany_____________.The bk is abut a girl ________________.What was the name f the hrse __________?The plice have caught the men __________.
which makes washing machine
wh runs away frm hme
that wn the race
wh stle my car
The wman — I wanted t see her— was away n hliday.
The wman I wanted t see whm was away n hliday.
The wman whm I wanted t see was away n hliday.
关系代词作宾语代人用“whm， wh, that,或省略”。
Have yu fund the keys— Yu lst the keys ?
Have yu fund the keys Yu lst which ?
Have yu fund the keys whichYu lst ?
注：关系代词作宾语代物用“which，that, 或省略”。
Are these the keys_____________.They party_________________ was n fun.I like the peple_____________?Gerge is smebdy__________.
yu were lking fr
we went t last night
yu can rely n
I went back t the twn- I was brn in the twn.
I went back t the twn I was brn where/in which.
I went back t the twn where/in which I was brn.
注：关系副词where作地点状语，Where=介+which “where”不能省略。
I went back t the twn （which/that）I was brn in.
There were many days- we ate nly ne meal in thse days
There were many days- we ate nly ne meal when/in which.
There were many days when/in which we ate nly ne meal.
注：关系副词when作时间状语， “when”=介+which在非正式语体中：关系副词when 时常省略，也可用that替换
The reasn- I became a teacher fr this reasn - is that I like kids.
The reasn I became a teacher why/fr which is that I like kids.
The reasn (why/fr which) I became a teacher is that I like kids.
注：关系副词why作原因状语，用“why”=fr+which在非正式语体中：关系副词why时常省略,也可用that替换
The way- Yu answer the questins in this way– was admirable.
The way yu answer the questins in which/that was admirable.
The way (in which/that) yu answer the questins was admirable
注：关系词作方式状语，用“in which/that ”在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略
= Hw yu answer the questins was admirable
考点2：考查whse的用法
On the secnd flr is ur classrm whse dr　 is brken.
whse可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whse＋名词＝名词＋f which＝f which＋名词。
= On the secnd flr is ur classrm 　 the dr f_______is brken.
= On the secnd flr is ur classrm 　 f_______the dr is brken.
We saw sme peple— their car had brken dwn.
We saw sme peple whse car had brken dwn.
We saw sme peple. Their car had brken dwn
注：关系代词whse作定语，主要代人，也可代物。不可省略，whse后紧跟其限定的名词
The table whse leg gt brken is mine.
The table the leg f which leg gt brken is mine.
The table- its leg gt brken -is mine.
注：关系代词whse作定语代物时=N+f which/ f which+N。
The table f which the leg gt brken is mine.
考点3：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which / whm / whse In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help. Recently I bught an vase, the price f which was very reasnable. Mr Smith, in whse department she wrked,came t see her.
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词” 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用倒装语序 He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which ________________ (耸立一棵大树).
【3】介词+which / whm+不定式结构 The pr man has n huse in which t live.= The pr man has n huse t live in.= The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
a big tall tree
真题体验：(2017•江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
语法填空：He is the by with I ften play basketball. The teacher in frnt f 　　　　huse stands 　　　　　　a tall tree is very patient with his students.　　　　　
同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别
(1)He lves his parents deeply, bth f are very kind t him.(2)He lves his parents deeply and bth f are very kind t him.
当关系副词when作时间状语，先行项是：the day/week/year/mrning/evening/mment/instancethe first time/the last time, every time等,关系副词通常省略，也可用that替换D yu still remember the day (that) we first met.The last time (that) I saw her, she lked very well.I haven’t seen them since the year (that) they gt married.Every time (that) the phne rings, he gets nervus.
1.相同点：都可指代整个主句的内容。2.区别:(1)含义不同。 ____可译为“像… …那样的，正如… …那样的”通常用于一些固定搭配中，而_______通常译为“这一点，这件事”。(2)从位置上来看：______引导的定语从句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后,而_______引导的定语从句只能位于主句后.从句动词经常是:see, knw, mentin. imagine,mentin, expect, pint ut 等词.比如as we knw/as is well knwn t us 众所周知,as is said abve 如上所说as was expected正如所预料的那样 as is reprted 如报道所说；as has been pinted 如所指出的那样；                        (3)用于固定搭配，在定语从句中通常做主语或宾语，即可指人又可指物；such/s “像------那样的” the “和------同样的”（4）结构：被动语态通常跟在as的后面(5)as后面跟众所周知的事情②The by was away frm hme fr a week, _______ wrried his parents very much.③_______ is reprted， the number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
as与which引导的定语从句
3. ______ is knwn t all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybdy in the ffice.
as\that\which1. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift.2. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift it.
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, s, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, s…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。
★ as多用于一些习惯用语中：as anybdy can see 正如人人都能看到的那样as is well knwn = as is knwn t all 众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样as ften happens 正如经常发生的那样as has been said befre 如上所述as is mentined abve 正如上面提到的
当主句中出现such 或s 时,看后面从句
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as
(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that
当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物
This is such an interesting bk ____ we all like.This is s interesting a bk _____ we all like.This is such an interesting bk that we all like it.
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
This is the same bk _____ I lst.This is the same bk _____ I lst.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
考点5：the way为先行词
在正式文体中，通常以in which或 that 引导，　　The way in which yu answered the questins was admirable. 但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that The way (in which) he spke t us was suspicius. I dn’t like the way (that) yu laugh at her.
1. The way __ yu thught f t slve the prblem is wnderful.A which B in which C whm D whse2. I dn’t like ___ yu learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way f which
考点6：一些特殊词之后的where
1. I’ve cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.2. The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.We are trying t reach a pint ____ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. ---D yu have anything t say fr yurself? ---Yes, there’s ne pint ____ we must insist n . （06江西） A. why B. where C. hw D. /
考点7：定语从句中的主谓一致现象
填空：I, wh____ yur clse friend, will try my best t help yu whenever yu are in truble.
1. I, wh ___ yur husband, shuld be respnsible fr yu. (be)2.He is ne f the students wh ____ been t America. He is the (nly) ne f the students wh ____ been t America. (have)3. T wn a cmputer in families, which we thught____ impssible 20 years ag, nw becmes true. (be)
1). a. I saw sme trees, and the leaves f _______ were black with disease. b. I saw sme trees, the leaves f ______ were black with disease. 2). a. The prfessr is a little man, n the nse f ______there is a pair f glasses. b. The prfessr is a little man, and n the nse f ______there is a pair f glasses
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。　　　　
简单句+并列连词+简单句”
1). a. The news ________ur vlleyball team wn the match made us excited.　 b. The news __________he tld me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a prmise ______ if anyne set me free, I wuld make him very rich. b. The mther made a prmise ___________ pleased all her children.
(that/which)
２.定语从句与同位语从句
由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词;否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
(1) It is n the island _______ they spent 10 years.(2) It is the island _______ they spent 10 years.
Where did yu get t knw her?It was n the farm ______she wrked _______ I gt t knw her.
答题指导：在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。