高考英语语一轮复习教案——名词性从句

高考英语语一轮复习——名词性从句

一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。

     1) What he is going to do is not clear.  

2) Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.

宾语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。

1) Jack said that he had something important to do.

2) I want to know if/whether there is a train to Beijing.

表语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。

          The trouble is that I have lost his address.  

同位语从句：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词，如news，idea，fact，word（消息），question，thought，doubt，order，promise，hope，message，information等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。

1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

2) Where did you get the idea that I could not come?  

3) Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别

☆ 定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。

    换而言之：

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。  

区别：     Galileo collected facts __B___ the Earth goes round the sun.

Galileo collected facts __D___ proved the Earth goes round the sun.

           A. which      B. that       C. of which      D. A and B

【考点点拨】

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

☆  My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

☆ This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.

这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。

此类词有：

一“坚持” insist

二“命令” order, command

三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)

四“要求” require, request, desire, demand

二、名词性从句连接词的选用

名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：

1. 从属连词that，if和whether。that在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可以省略；if不可以用于句首。

   Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 

 He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 

2. 连接代词主要有who, whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever， whatever，whichever等。

    Whoever comes is welcome.  

What concerns me most is who will be my teacher next term.

3. 连接副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。

None of us knows where these new books can be bought.

The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting.

[注意] 不能使用if的情况

a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
d. 介词后的宾语从句
e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.
f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.

注意1：that / what的辨用

1.______ he wants is a book.

2. ______  he wants to go there is obvious.
3. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.

4. He told us ______ he felt ill.

5. The result is ______ we won the game.
6. This is _____ we want to know.
7. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.

8. The fact______ she works hard is well known to us all.

规则： 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用

2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。

注意2：whether与if的辨用

规则：1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用；

2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether；

3.在whether… or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if

练习：if / whether

1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.

2. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.

3.___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

4.It hasn't been decided____________ we shall attend the meeting.

5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.

6. The question is _________ he should do it.

7.The doctor can hardly answer the question__________ the old man will recover soon.

8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home.

附加练习

1.I doubt____________ he can speak English.

2.I don’t doubt ____________ he can speak English.

注意3：whatever与no matter what的辨用

Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。

No matter what只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句），其意为“无论什么”。

【注意】这样用的no matter what与引导状语从句的whatever用法相同，有时可互换。如：No matter what you say, I believe you. =Whatever you say, I believe you.  无论你说什么，我都相信你。