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2020届新高考英语二轮教师用书：第三板块第二部分题型应对策略
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第二部分 题型应对策略
句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，I'd hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”
60．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
解析：D [考查形容词。此处表示如果这是“我”的狗的话，“我”也会希望有人会愿意多走那段路给“我”送来。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。]
利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，____41____ number！” and move on.
41．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
解析：D [利用生活常识和文化背景解题，根据生活常识，接到来自陌生人的短信，我们常说，“对不起，你错人了”。]
利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so ____59____and kind to do this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
解析：C [本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。]
利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lostdog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove ____46____.
48．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
解析：C [Ehlers很担心那只丢失的(lost)狗。根据空处所在句可知，四天后，他叫上朋友Greg，两人一起开车回去(back)。]
利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance.__55__，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56._leave and later the family met up for dinner.
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
解析：A [本题可利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文提到本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了，这是幸运的事(fortunately)。 frankly坦率地；sadly悲伤地；suddenly突然地。]
句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义同、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town's central____51____， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 53.sitting there and standing there and taking 54.picture of each other，”Ro says，“The town square was totally 59.full.I think...”
A．library B．hall
C．square D．street
解析：C [本题可以利用语义复现解题。由下段中的“The town square was totally...”可知此空填square。]
[典例2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this__41__process and found something that has changed my__42._experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
解析：A [本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A项。]
利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“It's not very 59.big，”she says，“but it is enough when we are __60__.”
60．A.trying B．waiting
C．watching D．sharing
解析：D [本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。此处表示“它(新光线)不是很大(big)，但当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了。”由语境及作者的感情色彩可知，此处填“sharing”恰当。]
利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
解析：B [本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为B.Yet。thus“因此”，then“随后”，indeed“的确，确实”。]
利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例](2018·浙江卷6月)I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43.habit.Once that happened，I just kept 44.pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was __45__really late at night to get my work done.
45．A.hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
解析：B [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。上文中提到我一再往后推迟做作业和学习的时间，然后我到达我要熬夜才能把作业做完的地步。stay up“熬夜”。]
语篇层次题
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，每篇完形填空中总有2～3道这样的较难题目来担负着区分考生的功能。这类题目的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择，我们通常称这类题目为语篇层次题。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完文章最后一个词后综合思维再做判定。
“语篇层次题”解题口诀
句内句组不能解，暂把题目放一放。
此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇细思量。
语义复现和结构，逻辑关系能用上。
文章脉络与首尾，五大方法来帮忙。
利用语义复现解题
在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。
[典例](2018·浙江卷6月)When I got into college，things 40.changed.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this 41.extra time，there was no sense of 42.urgency to do my school work immediately...
One day I46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring，I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job，he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in __50__.
50．A.childhood B．college
C．town D．business
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。根据第三段内容，尤其是“When I got into college...noon time.”可知，就会像我在大学(college)期间那样(感觉时间多，从而经常拖延)。]
利用总分结构对照分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[典例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Powerful，yes，but not always __46__.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met 47.in_person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really 48.annoyed me.I sometimes wished to 49.find another agent.
One morning，I had to 50.book an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Rani's office 51.for_the_first_time.The woman sitting at the desk,52.seeing my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 53.comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.
Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，what's your name？” “I'm Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 58.nice.
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Rani's 59.friendliness—her warm smile，her nods，her ‘I'm here for you’ 60.attitude—were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires.
46．A.direct B．useful
C．easy D．accurate
解析：D [本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。此题在一个总述句“Powerful，yes，but not always __46__.(电话是强大的，但不总是准确的)”中。这是为什么呢？下文叙述的事件给了我们本空的答案。因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不够的，还要看后文的相关信息，这个关键信息就在下文的分述部分。只要抓住分述部分作者态度的转变过程，本题就迎刃而解了。]
总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第46题答案就是D项accurate。因为下面分述部分讲的是作者在电话里觉得Rani是冷漠的，但见面后印象完全转变，由此可知，电话的威力虽然强大，但并不总是准确的。
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。
[典例](北京卷)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night, the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning, __38__， their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Dario's mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.
38．A.therefore B．however
C．otherwise D．instead
解析：B [本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B。]
利用文章发展脉络解题
我们主张在做完形填空的时候要合理想象，其实就是合理思考和推理，不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段发展脉络，调整预测偏差。
[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
...
52．A.exercise B．explore
C．express D．explain
解析：B [本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为B项。]
利用首尾呼应关系解题
记叙文类的完形填空在很多情况下不仅仅是在讲一个故事，而是要通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是要看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点是首段)。不要因我们过早地放松，忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。
[典例](2017·北京卷)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada.One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 36.eating out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very 37.upset.She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.
...
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world.You can, too!
55．A.choice B．profit
C．judgement D．difference
解析：D [本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段讲到汉娜在五岁时看到无家可归的人在垃圾箱里捡东西吃，她很难过。通过首段尾句“Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.”可知她很想帮助这些人。而末段“Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world.You can，too！”这句话与首段呼应。根据文章可知，汉娜的做法是众多年轻人中的一个例子，通过她的努力对这个世界有不小的影响。make a difference为固定短语，意思是“有影响，起作用”。故选D项。]
[小题夯基练]
一、句内层次题
1．Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer.Last summer, she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally __19__ it.
19．A.increased B．found
C．created D．made
解析：D [此题属固定搭配。根据空前“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配。]
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)
51．Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay __52__ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53.but she thought the car was going to 54.explode.
52．A.quiet B．still
C．away D．calm
解析：B [本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，当时处境危险，救护人员来之前不能动(stay still)，以免伤势加重。quiet“静静的”，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still“静止的，不动的”；away“离开”；calm“平静的，镇静的”。]
3．To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record
C．decrease D．measure
解析：C [本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
52．environment，more governments...
从上述分析可以看出，第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为后面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。]
4．Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__ she injured her neck.
55．A.as if B．unless
C．in case D．after
解析：C [本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。拉里告诉她他已经把火扑灭，她不应该动，以免(in case)伤了脖子。]
5．Several years ago I __37__ a letter from seventeenyearold Kerry, who described herself as a worldclass faultfinder, almost always 38.bothered by things.
37．A.received B．answered
C．expected D．rejected
解析：A [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文语境“who described herself as...”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一个十七岁的女孩凯里描述自己是一个世界级的吹毛求疵的人。]
二、句组层次题
1．While we were 36.eating,_Kurt asked me, “John, what is your __37__ for personal growth？”
...
Kurt 41.listened patiently, but then he 42.finally smiled and said, “You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？”
37．A.suggestion B．demand
C．plan D．request
解析：C [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。由42空后的“You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知选plan，表示个人成长计划。]
2．For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met 47.in_person,_got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really __48__ me.I sometimes wishes to 49.find another agent.
48．A.annoyed B．interested
C．discouraged D．confused
解析：A [本题可以利用态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到多年来，作者与他的旅行代理人仅以电话来沟通，从未见过面，这个旅行代理人总能给自己最低价格(rockbottom prices)，但是她的声音却是冷冰冰的，后文又提到作者有时希望另外找个代理人，可知代理人冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心，很生气。]
3．All around the world, we can see the 50.consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 51.decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__53__， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
53．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：A [本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项A。]
4．When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41.beating_out Miller King, who was the best __42__ at our school.
42．A.coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
解析：D [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”可知，此空与“球员，选手”(player)有关，而不是教练(coach)、学生(student)或老师(teacher)。]
三、语篇层次题
1．Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41.above grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 42.niece.But Lainey took one look at it, 43.rolled her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”
Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.44.Even the youngest children in the class were 45.attracted by the story.They 46.listened with great interest, and then 47.enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures.
“How can you say it's __48__？Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.
48．A.amazing B．boring
C．ridiculous D．humorous
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。上文“and said，‘Borrrring！’”中的Borrrring是第48空的原词复现，故选B项。]
2．Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the __45__ is.
Powerful, yes, but not always 46.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.
45．A.telephone B．voice
C．connection D．impression
解析：A [本题为语篇层次题。本题很容易因为前文中的“the sound of your voice”而错选B项“voice”，但是文章开头说到“that little device”，因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”，下文也提到“only by phone”，因此本题选A项“电话”。]
3．Two years later, Dad started his own __31__， which wasn't doing so well...
After my graduation, Dad's business was getting back on track.
31．A.family B．business
C．task D．journey
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。下文“Dad's business was getting back on track”中的business是31空的原词复现，故选B项。]
[大题提能练]
A(记叙文)
I had been standing perfectly still for a few minutes when a large black snake was moving past me.The long body __1__ moving so slowly by that it __2__ appeared to move.I stood shaking with __3__，not daring to make the slightest __4__.
At last it __5__，and I ran away，thinking that __6__ again would I venture into or near that __7__ spot.
However，I did venture.The picture of that black mysterious thing was always in my __8__ from the moment of __9__ in the morning until I fell asleep at night.Yet I never said a word about the __10__ to anyone：it was my __11__，and I knew it was a dangerous one，__12__ I did not want to be told not to __13__ that spot again.And I simply could not __14__ it；the desire to look again at that strange thing was too __15__.I began to visit the place again，day after day.And I had decided I would take to my heels if it did __16__.Once again that slight sound，like that a few days before，reached my __17__.And there appeared the black head and neck，followed by the long，endless body.I dared not __18__，since attempting to escape might be dangerous.About a yard from me there was a __19__ in the ground，and into it the snake put his head and slowly，slowly __20__ itself in，while I stood waiting until the head to the tip of the tail disappeared and all danger was over.
解析：[语篇解读] 每个人都会有自己历险的经历。本文作者以生动的笔触讲述了自己冒险探秘、观看蛇入洞的经历。
1．A.continued B．started
C．enjoyed D．stopped
解析：A [考查动词。此处的“The long body”指前文出现的“a large black snake”，前面已经提到这条蛇正在从作者旁边爬过去，所以不能说蛇开始移动；又由“moving so slowly by”可知，蛇并没有停止移动。故选A。]
2．A.naturally B．hardly
C．finally D．clearly
解析：B [考查副词。结合前面的slowly一词可知，此处表示蛇移动得如此缓慢以至于几乎看不出它在动。hardly几乎不。]
3．A.surprise B．joy
C．terror D．cold
解析：C [考查名词。根据前面的shaking可知，此处表示作者在蛇经过时吓得浑身发抖。]
4．A.mistake B．movement
C．difference D．change
解析：B [考查名词。此处表示“丝毫不敢动”，与第一句中的“standing perfectly still”相呼应。]
5．A.disappeared B．died
C．rested D．paused
解析：A [考查动词。此处表示蛇从作者身边经过后消失了。]
6．A.ever B．once
C．never D．still
解析：C [考查副词。从上文蛇经过时的描述可知，蛇吓得作者发抖，作者应该再也不敢冒险到这个蛇出没的地方了。]
7．A.attractive B．dangerous
C．boring D．quiet
解析：B [考查形容词。通过venture及terror等词的提示可知，此处表示作者认为有蛇出没的这个地方很危险，下文也出现过dangerous一词。]
8．A.eye B．opinion
C．mind D．dream
解析：C [考查名词。此处表示那个黑色的神秘东西的图像总是浮现在作者的脑海里。]
9．A.waking B．sleeping
C．planning D．exercising
解析：A [考查动词。此处与空后的“fell asleep at night”相呼应，表示从作者清晨醒来的那一刻。]
10．A.picture B．plan
C．snake D．trouble
解析：C [考查名词。前文只是提到蛇的图像总是浮现在作者的脑海里，并没有提到过计划，作者也没有说这是麻烦、烦恼之事，因此不能选B和D。又由下文的“it was a dangerous one”可知，空处指的是蛇而不是图像。]
11．A.excuse B．secret
C．shortcoming D．duty
解析：B [考查名词。根据“Yet I never said a word about the 10(snake) to anyone”可知，作者没有和任何人讲起关于这条蛇的事，这当然是一个秘密了。]
12．A.but B．and
C．or D．for
解析：A [考查连词。空前的意思与空后的意思存在转折意味，因此应选but。 ]
13．A.imagine B．visit
C．recognize D．search
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者知道这条蛇很危险，但是却不想被(别人)告诉不要去那个地方，且下文出现过visit，故选B。]
14．A.look down upon B．put up with
C．get along with D．keep away from
解析：D [考查动词短语。空后的it是指总是想到蛇这件事，所以选D。此处表示这种想法总是挥之不去。look down upon瞧不起，put up with忍受，get along with 与……和睦相处。]
15．A.harmful B．horrible
C．strong D．important
解析：C [考查形容词。此处表示作者总是在想这件事，那是因为想要去看看那个有蛇出没的地方的愿望太强烈了。]
16．A.wake up B．turn up
C．hide away D．die away
解析：B [考查动词短语。此处补全后意为“如果蛇真的出现了，我会跑开”。take to one's heels＝run away，意为“逃走”。]
17．A.sense B．feeling
C．imagination D．heart
解析：A [考查名词。此处表示作者听到了那个和几天前一样的声音。]
18．A.shout B．move
C．look D．leave
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者不敢动。下文的“attempting to escape might be dangerous”也是提示。]
19．A.box B．shelter
C．hole D．tree
解析：C [考查名词。由空后的“in the ground”与下文的“and into it”可知，这里是指地上的洞，蛇最后爬进了这个洞里面。]
20．A.cut B．found
C．drew D．lost
解析：C [考查名词。draw意为“拖(动)，拉(动)”，与后面的in一起，表示这条蛇慢慢地爬进了洞里面。]
B(夹叙夹议文)
At the very young age of six，my life was thrown into a downward spiral(旋涡) of constant pain，surgeries，sadness and depression.I was in a car __1__ on my way home，being hit by a truck.My left leg got __2__ between the wheels.I was left with an exposed bone，lots of pain and the __3__ memories of those few moments，which were forever __4__ in my mind.
At first I spent a year and half in the __5__.I had dressings every day，surgeries every Friday and __6__ nights and days.I'm sure most of you don't know this because I've probably never __7__ this with anyone.People have questioned so many times and I eventually got __8__；I just wore clothes that could __9__ my leg.I couldn't do this in school because we had a __10__ and of course I was bullied(欺侮) by some and called names，__11__ in primary school.
Scars shouldn't define(定义)a person.My scars are my proof(证明)of my __12__.Many years later I have changed —I began to love and accept myself.I__13__ what I want and I am happy with myself.I have always risen above my circumstances and my __14__ has never stopped me from pursuing(追求)my dreams.It may have __15__ me down but it never took my __16__ away.
You don't know what I've __17__ but I have been and continue to be __18__ for being myself，so when you see me __19__，don't be quick to judge.Just be glad for me because I'm definitely __20__.I am more than my leg and I am more than what people choose to see.
[语篇解读] 作者因为车祸，腿部留下严重的残疾，但是最难能可贵的是他学会了笑对人生。其乐观向上的人生态度是值得人们学习的。
1．A.exhibition B．accident
C．trip D．company
解析：B [考查名词。空后提到自己被一辆卡车撞了，由此可知作者在坐车回家的路上出了车祸。]
2．A.operated B．examined
C．trapped D．lost
解析：C [考查动词。空后的“between the wheels”是解题关键，由此可推断应该选择C项，表示作者的左腿被卡在两个轮之间了。]
3．A.absurd B．terrifying
C．constant D．brief
解析：B [考查形容词。根据语境及常识可知，此处表示极其可怕的(terrifying)记忆。absurd荒谬的，愚蠢的；constant不变的，恒定的，经常发生的；brief简短的，短暂的。]
4．A.planted B．forgotten
C．destroyed D．changed
解析：A [考查动词。空处所在句为非限制性定语从句，其关系词which在从句中作主语，指代的是memories。此处表示，这些记忆永远根植在了作者的大脑中，是作者永远也忘不了的。]
5．A.waiting room B．hospital
C．school D．bedroom
解析：B [考查名词。作者车祸之后应当住院接受治疗，因此应该选择B项，即作者先在医院度过了一年半的时间。]
6．A.strange B．cold
C．lonely D．painful
解析：D [考查形容词。作者住院治疗的那些日日夜夜对他来说都是很痛苦的。选项中能够与当时作者的心情和实际状况相吻合的是D项。]
7．A.experienced B．enjoyed
C．tasted D．shared
解析：D [考查动词。空处所在句子含有一个原因状语从句，空前说作者确信大多数人不知道这一点，那是因为他没有告诉任何人。]
8．A.fed up B．worn out
C．cheered up D．knocked out
解析：A [考查动词短语。结合前面的“人们已经询问了太多次”这一细节可知，此处应该选 A项，表示作者终于受够了。be/get fet up厌烦，无法再忍受；be/get worn out疲惫不堪；be/get cheered up振作起来；be/get knocked out被打昏。]
9．A.protect B．cover
C．decorate D．warm
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者为了避免被询问，只穿能遮住有残疾的那条腿的衣服。]
10．A.lesson B．class
C．uniform D．teacher
解析：C [考查名词。结合上一句穿衣服的细节可知，此处 do this指的是“穿衣服盖住腿”。在学校不能这样做，因为要穿统一的校服。故选C项。]
11．A.personally B．formally
C．especially D．luckily
解析：C [考查副词。此处应该选C项，表示有人欺负他、骂他，尤其是在小学的时候。]
12．A.knowledge B．strength
C．shortcoming D．illness
解析：B [考查名词。与前一句结合起来分析可知，此处是作者励志的话语。此处表示伤疤不能定义一个人，这伤疤恰好是作者坚强的证据。]
13．A.drink B．watch
C．wear D．buy
解析：C [考查动词。根据上文中穿衣服遮盖伤疤那一细节的提示和此处作者开始变得自爱了，并且接受了自我可推断，此处表示作者现在想怎么穿就怎么穿，不用去刻意遮盖了。]
14．A.hand B．eye
C．mouse D．leg
解析：D [考查名词。四个选项中D项是全文的一条主线，全文都是从leg这一线索展开的。此处表示伤残的腿并没有阻挡作者追求自己的梦想。]
15．A.wrote B．pushed
C．slowed D．cut
解析：C [考查动词。本句主语It指代leg，腿脚不好与走路的速度相关，所以选择C项。此处表示那条腿减慢了作者走路的速度。]
16．A.life B．hope
C．health D．money
解析：B [考查名词。空前的转折连词but是解题的关键所在，此处表示那条受伤的腿虽然减慢了作者走路的速度，但从未带走他的希望。B项的hope与前文的my dreams也相吻合。]
17．A.gone through B．talked about
C．cared for D．handed in
解析：A [考查动词短语。此空所在的句子含有一个what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语，再结合文意可知，作者是说人们不知道他经历了什么。go through“遭受，经历”。]
18．A.cheated B．followed
C．questioned D．loved
解析：D [考查动词。根据上文可知，作者发生了改变，开始自爱，也因为做回了自我、自信自爱而继续得到别人的爱。]
19．A.smile B．sleep
C．die D．drive
解析：A [考查动词。根据下文“Just be glad for me because I'm definitely __20__”中的be glad可知，此处应表示看到作者露出笑容要为他感到高兴。此题也可以用排除法来做，选项中与作者身残志坚、乐观向上的人生观相符的只有A项。]
20．A.sorry B．disappointed
C．proud D．happy
解析：D [考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示要为作者感到高兴，因为他自己很开心。故选D。]
C(说明文)
(2019·黄山质检二) Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.
A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in __1__.He knows what he wants, and his __2__ is to find it and buy it.All men __3__ walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock (库存), the deal can be done and __4__ is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat to everyone's __5__.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that __6__， the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he __7__ the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute (替代品) __8__；he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size？It __9__ to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have __10__ with this treatment, and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size, but I shouldn't be __11__ my time and yours by trying it on.”
For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the __12__ way.Her shopping is not often __13__ on need.She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”．She is always __14__ to persuasion, willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that __15__ thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected __16__.Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another __17__ selecting the dress she wants to __18__.It is a tiresome process, but clearly a(n) __19__ one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting __20__.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。
1．A.detail B．hurry
C．advance D．mind
解析：C [根据下句“He knows what he wants...”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。]
2．A.advice B．goal
C．demand D．question
解析：B [既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。]
3．A.quickly B．immediately
C．soon D．simply
解析：D [所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。]
4．A.often B．constantly
C．normally D．finally
解析：A [如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyone's satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。]
5．A.confidence B．amusement
C．satisfaction D．surprise
解析：C [解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。]
6．A.time B．event
C．situation D．case
解析：D [如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西——售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。]
7．A.gives B．offers
C．presents D．delivers
解析：B [解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。]
8．A.skillfully B．attentively
C．actively D．carefully
解析：A [好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。]
9．A.occurs B．happens
C．comes D．takes
解析：B [先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。]
10．A.patience B．interest
C．expectation D．experience
解析：A [根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。]
11．A.losing B．spending
C．giving D．wasting
解析：D [这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。]
12．A.same B．clever
C．opposite D．similar
解析：C [对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。]
13．A.relied B．based
C．done D．related
解析：B [女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于……；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。]
14．A.open B．ready
C．close D．happy
解析：A [根据后半句中的“...willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth.和be happy to sth.句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。]
15．A.nobody B．somebody
C．everybody D．anybody
解析：C [在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everybody)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。]
16．A.deal B．surprise
C．luck D．bargain
解析：D [根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。]
17．A.after B．as
C．before D．by
解析：C [面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。]
18．A.try on B．try out
C．try up D．try for
解析：A [参考上题解析。]
19．A.tiring B．enjoyable
C．boring D．graceful
解析：B [这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。]
20．A.customers B．assistants
C．wives D．husbands
解析：D [男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。]
D(议论文)
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we __3__ a throwaway society？First of all, it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__.
Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people, we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文，主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响，造成这种现象的原因及解决问题的办法。
1．A.key B．reason
C．project D．problem
解析：D [联系下文的“countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__”可知，堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。]
2．A.gifts B．rubbish
C．debt D．products
解析：B [根据下文中的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知，因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积如山。故选B。文章倒数第二段中“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”也是提示。]
3．A.face B．become
C．observe D．change
解析：B [由空后的a throwaway society及下文中的几个原因可知，此句意为：我们是如何成为(become)一个一次性社会的？face面对；observe观察；change变化。]
4．A.hide B．control
C．replace D．withdraw
解析：C [结合空前的easier to和下文的“than to spend time and money to repair it”可知，替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。hide藏；control控制；withdraw撤回，退出。]
5．A.Thanks to B．As to
C．Except for D．Regardless of
解析：A [“modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology”是“companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks to“多亏，由于”。as to至于；except for除了；regardless of不管，不考虑。]
6．A.safe B．funny
C．cheap D．powerful
解析：C [结合前文的quickly and inexpensively可知此处是指“产品充足，价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的；funny有趣的；powerful强有力的。]
7．A.love B．lack
C．prevention D．division
解析：A [从下文“we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier”可知，我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division分开，分割。]
8．A.sensitive B．kind
C．brave D．busy
解析：D [从下文的“to save time and make our lives easier”可知，我们是一些忙碌(busy)的人。sensitive敏感的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的。]
9．A.ways B．places
C．jobs D．friends
解析：A [上文讲到一次性产品的使用，因此我们总是寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(ways)。place地方；job工作；friend朋友。]
10．A.donate B．receive
C．produce D．preserve
解析：C [由主语Companies可知，工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠；receive收到；preserve保存。]
11．A.adapts B．returns
C．responds D．contributes
解析：D [联系空前的“Our appetite for new products also”可知，我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“是……的原因，促成，导致”符合语境。adapt适应；return返回；respond回答，回应。]
12．A.tired of B．addicted to
C．worried about D．ashamed for
解析：B [结合“Our appetite for new products”可知，我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(be addicted to)了。be tired of厌倦；be worried about担心；be ashamed for羞愧于。]
13．A.newer B．stronger
C．higher D．larger
解析：A [上句中的new things及空后的“With the latest products”都暗示该空填newer。广告说服我们，越新的越好……。strong强壮的；high高的；large大的。]
14．A.pick up B．pay for
C．hold onto D．throw away
解析：D [联系后文的“to make room for new ones”及下一段首句中的“this throwaway lifestyle”可知，我们常常是扔掉(throw away)还有用的物品，去给新的东西腾出地方。pick up捡起，收听，学会；pay for支付；hold onto抓住不放。]
15．A.advantages B．purposes
C．functions D．consequences
解析：D [从下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果(consequences)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。]
16．A.show B．record
C．decrease D．measure
解析：C [结合下文的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”可知，这样做是为了减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量。]
17．A.technology B．environment
C．consumers D．brands
解析：B [减少垃圾，回收利用的目的就是保护环境(environment)。]
18．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：A [上一句为减少垃圾，保护环境的措施，空后为“this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem”，由此可知，空前后为转折关系，故用however。otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。]
19．A.by B．in favour of
C．after D．instead of
解析：D [从空前的“We need to repair our possessions”可知，我们需要修理我们的物品再用，而不是(instead of)扔掉它们。by通过；in favour of支持；after在……之后。]
20．A.spending B．collecting
C．repairing D．advertising
解析：A [结合上文“Our appetite for new products”及下文“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits...”可知，我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spending)态度了。collect收集；repair修理；advertise做广告。]
第二部分 题型应对策略
句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，I'd hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”
60．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
解析：D [考查形容词。此处表示如果这是“我”的狗的话，“我”也会希望有人会愿意多走那段路给“我”送来。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。]
利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，____41____ number！” and move on.
41．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
解析：D [利用生活常识和文化背景解题，根据生活常识，接到来自陌生人的短信，我们常说，“对不起，你错人了”。]
利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so ____59____and kind to do this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
解析：C [本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。]
利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lostdog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove ____46____.
48．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
解析：C [Ehlers很担心那只丢失的(lost)狗。根据空处所在句可知，四天后，他叫上朋友Greg，两人一起开车回去(back)。]
利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance.__55__，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56._leave and later the family met up for dinner.
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
解析：A [本题可利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文提到本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了，这是幸运的事(fortunately)。 frankly坦率地；sadly悲伤地；suddenly突然地。]
句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义同、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town's central____51____， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 53.sitting there and standing there and taking 54.picture of each other，”Ro says，“The town square was totally 59.full.I think...”
A．library B．hall
C．square D．street
解析：C [本题可以利用语义复现解题。由下段中的“The town square was totally...”可知此空填square。]
[典例2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this__41__process and found something that has changed my__42._experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
解析：A [本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A项。]
利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“It's not very 59.big，”she says，“but it is enough when we are __60__.”
60．A.trying B．waiting
C．watching D．sharing
解析：D [本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。此处表示“它(新光线)不是很大(big)，但当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了。”由语境及作者的感情色彩可知，此处填“sharing”恰当。]
利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
解析：B [本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为B.Yet。thus“因此”，then“随后”，indeed“的确，确实”。]
利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例](2018·浙江卷6月)I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43.habit.Once that happened，I just kept 44.pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was __45__really late at night to get my work done.
45．A.hanging out B．staying up
C．jogging round D．showing off
解析：B [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。上文中提到我一再往后推迟做作业和学习的时间，然后我到达我要熬夜才能把作业做完的地步。stay up“熬夜”。]
语篇层次题
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，每篇完形填空中总有2～3道这样的较难题目来担负着区分考生的功能。这类题目的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择，我们通常称这类题目为语篇层次题。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完文章最后一个词后综合思维再做判定。
“语篇层次题”解题口诀
句内句组不能解，暂把题目放一放。
此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇细思量。
语义复现和结构，逻辑关系能用上。
文章脉络与首尾，五大方法来帮忙。
利用语义复现解题
在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。
[典例](2018·浙江卷6月)When I got into college，things 40.changed.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this 41.extra time，there was no sense of 42.urgency to do my school work immediately...
One day I46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring，I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job，he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in __50__.
50．A.childhood B．college
C．town D．business
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。根据第三段内容，尤其是“When I got into college...noon time.”可知，就会像我在大学(college)期间那样(感觉时间多，从而经常拖延)。]
利用总分结构对照分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[典例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Powerful，yes，but not always __46__.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met 47.in_person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really 48.annoyed me.I sometimes wished to 49.find another agent.
One morning，I had to 50.book an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Rani's office 51.for_the_first_time.The woman sitting at the desk,52.seeing my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 53.comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.
Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，what's your name？” “I'm Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 58.nice.
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Rani's 59.friendliness—her warm smile，her nods，her ‘I'm here for you’ 60.attitude—were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires.
46．A.direct B．useful
C．easy D．accurate
解析：D [本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。此题在一个总述句“Powerful，yes，but not always __46__.(电话是强大的，但不总是准确的)”中。这是为什么呢？下文叙述的事件给了我们本空的答案。因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不够的，还要看后文的相关信息，这个关键信息就在下文的分述部分。只要抓住分述部分作者态度的转变过程，本题就迎刃而解了。]
总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第46题答案就是D项accurate。因为下面分述部分讲的是作者在电话里觉得Rani是冷漠的，但见面后印象完全转变，由此可知，电话的威力虽然强大，但并不总是准确的。
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。
[典例](北京卷)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night, the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning, __38__， their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Dario's mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.
38．A.therefore B．however
C．otherwise D．instead
解析：B [本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B。]
利用文章发展脉络解题
我们主张在做完形填空的时候要合理想象，其实就是合理思考和推理，不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段发展脉络，调整预测偏差。
[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
...
52．A.exercise B．explore
C．express D．explain
解析：B [本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为B项。]
利用首尾呼应关系解题
记叙文类的完形填空在很多情况下不仅仅是在讲一个故事，而是要通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是要看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点是首段)。不要因我们过早地放松，忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。
[典例](2017·北京卷)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada.One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 36.eating out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very 37.upset.She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.
...
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world.You can, too!
55．A.choice B．profit
C．judgement D．difference
解析：D [本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段讲到汉娜在五岁时看到无家可归的人在垃圾箱里捡东西吃，她很难过。通过首段尾句“Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.”可知她很想帮助这些人。而末段“Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a __55__ in the world.You can，too！”这句话与首段呼应。根据文章可知，汉娜的做法是众多年轻人中的一个例子，通过她的努力对这个世界有不小的影响。make a difference为固定短语，意思是“有影响，起作用”。故选D项。]
[小题夯基练]
一、句内层次题
1．Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer.Last summer, she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally __19__ it.
19．A.increased B．found
C．created D．made
解析：D [此题属固定搭配。根据空前“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配。]
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)
51．Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay __52__ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53.but she thought the car was going to 54.explode.
52．A.quiet B．still
C．away D．calm
解析：B [本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，当时处境危险，救护人员来之前不能动(stay still)，以免伤势加重。quiet“静静的”，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still“静止的，不动的”；away“离开”；calm“平静的，镇静的”。]
3．To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record
C．decrease D．measure
解析：C [本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
52．environment，more governments...
从上述分析可以看出，第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为后面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。]
4．Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__ she injured her neck.
55．A.as if B．unless
C．in case D．after
解析：C [本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。拉里告诉她他已经把火扑灭，她不应该动，以免(in case)伤了脖子。]
5．Several years ago I __37__ a letter from seventeenyearold Kerry, who described herself as a worldclass faultfinder, almost always 38.bothered by things.
37．A.received B．answered
C．expected D．rejected
解析：A [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文语境“who described herself as...”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一个十七岁的女孩凯里描述自己是一个世界级的吹毛求疵的人。]
二、句组层次题
1．While we were 36.eating,_Kurt asked me, “John, what is your __37__ for personal growth？”
...
Kurt 41.listened patiently, but then he 42.finally smiled and said, “You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？”
37．A.suggestion B．demand
C．plan D．request
解析：C [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。由42空后的“You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知选plan，表示个人成长计划。]
2．For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met 47.in_person,_got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really __48__ me.I sometimes wishes to 49.find another agent.
48．A.annoyed B．interested
C．discouraged D．confused
解析：A [本题可以利用态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到多年来，作者与他的旅行代理人仅以电话来沟通，从未见过面，这个旅行代理人总能给自己最低价格(rockbottom prices)，但是她的声音却是冷冰冰的，后文又提到作者有时希望另外找个代理人，可知代理人冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心，很生气。]
3．All around the world, we can see the 50.consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 51.decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__53__， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
53．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：A [本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项A。]
4．When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41.beating_out Miller King, who was the best __42__ at our school.
42．A.coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
解析：D [本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”可知，此空与“球员，选手”(player)有关，而不是教练(coach)、学生(student)或老师(teacher)。]
三、语篇层次题
1．Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41.above grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 42.niece.But Lainey took one look at it, 43.rolled her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”
Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.44.Even the youngest children in the class were 45.attracted by the story.They 46.listened with great interest, and then 47.enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures.
“How can you say it's __48__？Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.
48．A.amazing B．boring
C．ridiculous D．humorous
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。上文“and said，‘Borrrring！’”中的Borrrring是第48空的原词复现，故选B项。]
2．Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the __45__ is.
Powerful, yes, but not always 46.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.
45．A.telephone B．voice
C．connection D．impression
解析：A [本题为语篇层次题。本题很容易因为前文中的“the sound of your voice”而错选B项“voice”，但是文章开头说到“that little device”，因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”，下文也提到“only by phone”，因此本题选A项“电话”。]
3．Two years later, Dad started his own __31__， which wasn't doing so well...
After my graduation, Dad's business was getting back on track.
31．A.family B．business
C．task D．journey
解析：B [本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。下文“Dad's business was getting back on track”中的business是31空的原词复现，故选B项。]
[大题提能练]
A(记叙文)
I had been standing perfectly still for a few minutes when a large black snake was moving past me.The long body __1__ moving so slowly by that it __2__ appeared to move.I stood shaking with __3__，not daring to make the slightest __4__.
At last it __5__，and I ran away，thinking that __6__ again would I venture into or near that __7__ spot.
However，I did venture.The picture of that black mysterious thing was always in my __8__ from the moment of __9__ in the morning until I fell asleep at night.Yet I never said a word about the __10__ to anyone：it was my __11__，and I knew it was a dangerous one，__12__ I did not want to be told not to __13__ that spot again.And I simply could not __14__ it；the desire to look again at that strange thing was too __15__.I began to visit the place again，day after day.And I had decided I would take to my heels if it did __16__.Once again that slight sound，like that a few days before，reached my __17__.And there appeared the black head and neck，followed by the long，endless body.I dared not __18__，since attempting to escape might be dangerous.About a yard from me there was a __19__ in the ground，and into it the snake put his head and slowly，slowly __20__ itself in，while I stood waiting until the head to the tip of the tail disappeared and all danger was over.
解析：[语篇解读] 每个人都会有自己历险的经历。本文作者以生动的笔触讲述了自己冒险探秘、观看蛇入洞的经历。
1．A.continued B．started
C．enjoyed D．stopped
解析：A [考查动词。此处的“The long body”指前文出现的“a large black snake”，前面已经提到这条蛇正在从作者旁边爬过去，所以不能说蛇开始移动；又由“moving so slowly by”可知，蛇并没有停止移动。故选A。]
2．A.naturally B．hardly
C．finally D．clearly
解析：B [考查副词。结合前面的slowly一词可知，此处表示蛇移动得如此缓慢以至于几乎看不出它在动。hardly几乎不。]
3．A.surprise B．joy
C．terror D．cold
解析：C [考查名词。根据前面的shaking可知，此处表示作者在蛇经过时吓得浑身发抖。]
4．A.mistake B．movement
C．difference D．change
解析：B [考查名词。此处表示“丝毫不敢动”，与第一句中的“standing perfectly still”相呼应。]
5．A.disappeared B．died
C．rested D．paused
解析：A [考查动词。此处表示蛇从作者身边经过后消失了。]
6．A.ever B．once
C．never D．still
解析：C [考查副词。从上文蛇经过时的描述可知，蛇吓得作者发抖，作者应该再也不敢冒险到这个蛇出没的地方了。]
7．A.attractive B．dangerous
C．boring D．quiet
解析：B [考查形容词。通过venture及terror等词的提示可知，此处表示作者认为有蛇出没的这个地方很危险，下文也出现过dangerous一词。]
8．A.eye B．opinion
C．mind D．dream
解析：C [考查名词。此处表示那个黑色的神秘东西的图像总是浮现在作者的脑海里。]
9．A.waking B．sleeping
C．planning D．exercising
解析：A [考查动词。此处与空后的“fell asleep at night”相呼应，表示从作者清晨醒来的那一刻。]
10．A.picture B．plan
C．snake D．trouble
解析：C [考查名词。前文只是提到蛇的图像总是浮现在作者的脑海里，并没有提到过计划，作者也没有说这是麻烦、烦恼之事，因此不能选B和D。又由下文的“it was a dangerous one”可知，空处指的是蛇而不是图像。]
11．A.excuse B．secret
C．shortcoming D．duty
解析：B [考查名词。根据“Yet I never said a word about the 10(snake) to anyone”可知，作者没有和任何人讲起关于这条蛇的事，这当然是一个秘密了。]
12．A.but B．and
C．or D．for
解析：A [考查连词。空前的意思与空后的意思存在转折意味，因此应选but。 ]
13．A.imagine B．visit
C．recognize D．search
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者知道这条蛇很危险，但是却不想被(别人)告诉不要去那个地方，且下文出现过visit，故选B。]
14．A.look down upon B．put up with
C．get along with D．keep away from
解析：D [考查动词短语。空后的it是指总是想到蛇这件事，所以选D。此处表示这种想法总是挥之不去。look down upon瞧不起，put up with忍受，get along with 与……和睦相处。]
15．A.harmful B．horrible
C．strong D．important
解析：C [考查形容词。此处表示作者总是在想这件事，那是因为想要去看看那个有蛇出没的地方的愿望太强烈了。]
16．A.wake up B．turn up
C．hide away D．die away
解析：B [考查动词短语。此处补全后意为“如果蛇真的出现了，我会跑开”。take to one's heels＝run away，意为“逃走”。]
17．A.sense B．feeling
C．imagination D．heart
解析：A [考查名词。此处表示作者听到了那个和几天前一样的声音。]
18．A.shout B．move
C．look D．leave
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者不敢动。下文的“attempting to escape might be dangerous”也是提示。]
19．A.box B．shelter
C．hole D．tree
解析：C [考查名词。由空后的“in the ground”与下文的“and into it”可知，这里是指地上的洞，蛇最后爬进了这个洞里面。]
20．A.cut B．found
C．drew D．lost
解析：C [考查名词。draw意为“拖(动)，拉(动)”，与后面的in一起，表示这条蛇慢慢地爬进了洞里面。]
B(夹叙夹议文)
At the very young age of six，my life was thrown into a downward spiral(旋涡) of constant pain，surgeries，sadness and depression.I was in a car __1__ on my way home，being hit by a truck.My left leg got __2__ between the wheels.I was left with an exposed bone，lots of pain and the __3__ memories of those few moments，which were forever __4__ in my mind.
At first I spent a year and half in the __5__.I had dressings every day，surgeries every Friday and __6__ nights and days.I'm sure most of you don't know this because I've probably never __7__ this with anyone.People have questioned so many times and I eventually got __8__；I just wore clothes that could __9__ my leg.I couldn't do this in school because we had a __10__ and of course I was bullied(欺侮) by some and called names，__11__ in primary school.
Scars shouldn't define(定义)a person.My scars are my proof(证明)of my __12__.Many years later I have changed —I began to love and accept myself.I__13__ what I want and I am happy with myself.I have always risen above my circumstances and my __14__ has never stopped me from pursuing(追求)my dreams.It may have __15__ me down but it never took my __16__ away.
You don't know what I've __17__ but I have been and continue to be __18__ for being myself，so when you see me __19__，don't be quick to judge.Just be glad for me because I'm definitely __20__.I am more than my leg and I am more than what people choose to see.
[语篇解读] 作者因为车祸，腿部留下严重的残疾，但是最难能可贵的是他学会了笑对人生。其乐观向上的人生态度是值得人们学习的。
1．A.exhibition B．accident
C．trip D．company
解析：B [考查名词。空后提到自己被一辆卡车撞了，由此可知作者在坐车回家的路上出了车祸。]
2．A.operated B．examined
C．trapped D．lost
解析：C [考查动词。空后的“between the wheels”是解题关键，由此可推断应该选择C项，表示作者的左腿被卡在两个轮之间了。]
3．A.absurd B．terrifying
C．constant D．brief
解析：B [考查形容词。根据语境及常识可知，此处表示极其可怕的(terrifying)记忆。absurd荒谬的，愚蠢的；constant不变的，恒定的，经常发生的；brief简短的，短暂的。]
4．A.planted B．forgotten
C．destroyed D．changed
解析：A [考查动词。空处所在句为非限制性定语从句，其关系词which在从句中作主语，指代的是memories。此处表示，这些记忆永远根植在了作者的大脑中，是作者永远也忘不了的。]
5．A.waiting room B．hospital
C．school D．bedroom
解析：B [考查名词。作者车祸之后应当住院接受治疗，因此应该选择B项，即作者先在医院度过了一年半的时间。]
6．A.strange B．cold
C．lonely D．painful
解析：D [考查形容词。作者住院治疗的那些日日夜夜对他来说都是很痛苦的。选项中能够与当时作者的心情和实际状况相吻合的是D项。]
7．A.experienced B．enjoyed
C．tasted D．shared
解析：D [考查动词。空处所在句子含有一个原因状语从句，空前说作者确信大多数人不知道这一点，那是因为他没有告诉任何人。]
8．A.fed up B．worn out
C．cheered up D．knocked out
解析：A [考查动词短语。结合前面的“人们已经询问了太多次”这一细节可知，此处应该选 A项，表示作者终于受够了。be/get fet up厌烦，无法再忍受；be/get worn out疲惫不堪；be/get cheered up振作起来；be/get knocked out被打昏。]
9．A.protect B．cover
C．decorate D．warm
解析：B [考查动词。此处表示作者为了避免被询问，只穿能遮住有残疾的那条腿的衣服。]
10．A.lesson B．class
C．uniform D．teacher
解析：C [考查名词。结合上一句穿衣服的细节可知，此处 do this指的是“穿衣服盖住腿”。在学校不能这样做，因为要穿统一的校服。故选C项。]
11．A.personally B．formally
C．especially D．luckily
解析：C [考查副词。此处应该选C项，表示有人欺负他、骂他，尤其是在小学的时候。]
12．A.knowledge B．strength
C．shortcoming D．illness
解析：B [考查名词。与前一句结合起来分析可知，此处是作者励志的话语。此处表示伤疤不能定义一个人，这伤疤恰好是作者坚强的证据。]
13．A.drink B．watch
C．wear D．buy
解析：C [考查动词。根据上文中穿衣服遮盖伤疤那一细节的提示和此处作者开始变得自爱了，并且接受了自我可推断，此处表示作者现在想怎么穿就怎么穿，不用去刻意遮盖了。]
14．A.hand B．eye
C．mouse D．leg
解析：D [考查名词。四个选项中D项是全文的一条主线，全文都是从leg这一线索展开的。此处表示伤残的腿并没有阻挡作者追求自己的梦想。]
15．A.wrote B．pushed
C．slowed D．cut
解析：C [考查动词。本句主语It指代leg，腿脚不好与走路的速度相关，所以选择C项。此处表示那条腿减慢了作者走路的速度。]
16．A.life B．hope
C．health D．money
解析：B [考查名词。空前的转折连词but是解题的关键所在，此处表示那条受伤的腿虽然减慢了作者走路的速度，但从未带走他的希望。B项的hope与前文的my dreams也相吻合。]
17．A.gone through B．talked about
C．cared for D．handed in
解析：A [考查动词短语。此空所在的句子含有一个what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语，再结合文意可知，作者是说人们不知道他经历了什么。go through“遭受，经历”。]
18．A.cheated B．followed
C．questioned D．loved
解析：D [考查动词。根据上文可知，作者发生了改变，开始自爱，也因为做回了自我、自信自爱而继续得到别人的爱。]
19．A.smile B．sleep
C．die D．drive
解析：A [考查动词。根据下文“Just be glad for me because I'm definitely __20__”中的be glad可知，此处应表示看到作者露出笑容要为他感到高兴。此题也可以用排除法来做，选项中与作者身残志坚、乐观向上的人生观相符的只有A项。]
20．A.sorry B．disappointed
C．proud D．happy
解析：D [考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示要为作者感到高兴，因为他自己很开心。故选D。]
C(说明文)
(2019·黄山质检二) Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.
A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in __1__.He knows what he wants, and his __2__ is to find it and buy it.All men __3__ walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock (库存), the deal can be done and __4__ is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat to everyone's __5__.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that __6__， the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he __7__ the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute (替代品) __8__；he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size？It __9__ to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have __10__ with this treatment, and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size, but I shouldn't be __11__ my time and yours by trying it on.”
For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the __12__ way.Her shopping is not often __13__ on need.She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”．She is always __14__ to persuasion, willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that __15__ thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected __16__.Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another __17__ selecting the dress she wants to __18__.It is a tiresome process, but clearly a(n) __19__ one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting __20__.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。
1．A.detail B．hurry
C．advance D．mind
解析：C [根据下句“He knows what he wants...”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。]
2．A.advice B．goal
C．demand D．question
解析：B [既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。]
3．A.quickly B．immediately
C．soon D．simply
解析：D [所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。]
4．A.often B．constantly
C．normally D．finally
解析：A [如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyone's satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。]
5．A.confidence B．amusement
C．satisfaction D．surprise
解析：C [解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。]
6．A.time B．event
C．situation D．case
解析：D [如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西——售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。]
7．A.gives B．offers
C．presents D．delivers
解析：B [解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。]
8．A.skillfully B．attentively
C．actively D．carefully
解析：A [好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。]
9．A.occurs B．happens
C．comes D．takes
解析：B [先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。]
10．A.patience B．interest
C．expectation D．experience
解析：A [根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。]
11．A.losing B．spending
C．giving D．wasting
解析：D [这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。]
12．A.same B．clever
C．opposite D．similar
解析：C [对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。]
13．A.relied B．based
C．done D．related
解析：B [女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于……；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。]
14．A.open B．ready
C．close D．happy
解析：A [根据后半句中的“...willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth.和be happy to sth.句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。]
15．A.nobody B．somebody
C．everybody D．anybody
解析：C [在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everybody)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。]
16．A.deal B．surprise
C．luck D．bargain
解析：D [根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。]
17．A.after B．as
C．before D．by
解析：C [面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。]
18．A.try on B．try out
C．try up D．try for
解析：A [参考上题解析。]
19．A.tiring B．enjoyable
C．boring D．graceful
解析：B [这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。]
20．A.customers B．assistants
C．wives D．husbands
解析：D [男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。]
D(议论文)
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we __3__ a throwaway society？First of all, it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__.
Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people, we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文，主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响，造成这种现象的原因及解决问题的办法。
1．A.key B．reason
C．project D．problem
解析：D [联系下文的“countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__”可知，堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。]
2．A.gifts B．rubbish
C．debt D．products
解析：B [根据下文中的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知，因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积如山。故选B。文章倒数第二段中“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”也是提示。]
3．A.face B．become
C．observe D．change
解析：B [由空后的a throwaway society及下文中的几个原因可知，此句意为：我们是如何成为(become)一个一次性社会的？face面对；observe观察；change变化。]
4．A.hide B．control
C．replace D．withdraw
解析：C [结合空前的easier to和下文的“than to spend time and money to repair it”可知，替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。hide藏；control控制；withdraw撤回，退出。]
5．A.Thanks to B．As to
C．Except for D．Regardless of
解析：A [“modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology”是“companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks to“多亏，由于”。as to至于；except for除了；regardless of不管，不考虑。]
6．A.safe B．funny
C．cheap D．powerful
解析：C [结合前文的quickly and inexpensively可知此处是指“产品充足，价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的；funny有趣的；powerful强有力的。]
7．A.love B．lack
C．prevention D．division
解析：A [从下文“we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier”可知，我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division分开，分割。]
8．A.sensitive B．kind
C．brave D．busy
解析：D [从下文的“to save time and make our lives easier”可知，我们是一些忙碌(busy)的人。sensitive敏感的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的。]
9．A.ways B．places
C．jobs D．friends
解析：A [上文讲到一次性产品的使用，因此我们总是寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(ways)。place地方；job工作；friend朋友。]
10．A.donate B．receive
C．produce D．preserve
解析：C [由主语Companies可知，工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠；receive收到；preserve保存。]
11．A.adapts B．returns
C．responds D．contributes
解析：D [联系空前的“Our appetite for new products also”可知，我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“是……的原因，促成，导致”符合语境。adapt适应；return返回；respond回答，回应。]
12．A.tired of B．addicted to
C．worried about D．ashamed for
解析：B [结合“Our appetite for new products”可知，我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(be addicted to)了。be tired of厌倦；be worried about担心；be ashamed for羞愧于。]
13．A.newer B．stronger
C．higher D．larger
解析：A [上句中的new things及空后的“With the latest products”都暗示该空填newer。广告说服我们，越新的越好……。strong强壮的；high高的；large大的。]
14．A.pick up B．pay for
C．hold onto D．throw away
解析：D [联系后文的“to make room for new ones”及下一段首句中的“this throwaway lifestyle”可知，我们常常是扔掉(throw away)还有用的物品，去给新的东西腾出地方。pick up捡起，收听，学会；pay for支付；hold onto抓住不放。]
15．A.advantages B．purposes
C．functions D．consequences
解析：D [从下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果(consequences)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。]
16．A.show B．record
C．decrease D．measure
解析：C [结合下文的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”可知，这样做是为了减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量。]
17．A.technology B．environment
C．consumers D．brands
解析：B [减少垃圾，回收利用的目的就是保护环境(environment)。]
18．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：A [上一句为减少垃圾，保护环境的措施，空后为“this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem”，由此可知，空前后为转折关系，故用however。otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。]
19．A.by B．in favour of
C．after D．instead of
解析：D [从空前的“We need to repair our possessions”可知，我们需要修理我们的物品再用，而不是(instead of)扔掉它们。by通过；in favour of支持；after在……之后。]
20．A.spending B．collecting
C．repairing D．advertising
解析：A [结合上文“Our appetite for new products”及下文“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits...”可知，我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spending)态度了。collect收集；repair修理；advertise做广告。]
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