2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题七 定语从句
展开专题七 定语从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语法填空 | 1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health. 2．(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 3．(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. | 1.关系代词的基本用法； 2．关系副词的基本用法； 3．考查“介词＋关系代词”的用法。 |
短文改错 | 1.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ) In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that→which is on the rooftop of their house. 2．(2017年全国卷Ⅲ) Around me in the picture are the things they→that/which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. | 1.关系代词与关系副词的错用； 2．that与which的错用； 3．关系代词或关系副词的缺失。 |
(对应学生用书第259页)
关系代词引导的定语从句 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016年四川高考)“I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
2．(2015年江苏高考)The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017年天津高考)My eldest son，who work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.who→whose
[再解读要点]
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的作用 |
who | 人 | 主语、宾语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
which | 物 | 主语、宾语 |
that | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语、状语 |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
as | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
(2017年北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
(2016年北京高考)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况 | 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 |
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 | |
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 | |
先行词既有人又有物时 | |
只用which的情况 | 引导非限制性定语从句时 |
关系代词指物，且前有介词时 |
(2015年福建高考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别
as | as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 |
which | which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 |
(全国卷Ⅰ)“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
易错警示
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
关系副词引导的定语从句 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015年陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
2．(2015年天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017年鹰潭二模)The police must give the suspect the reasons that they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.
that→why
【导学号：65670187】
[再解读要点]
关系副词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的作用 |
when | 时间名词 | 时间状语 |
where | 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) | 地点状语 |
why | the reason | 原因状语 |
(2016年天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(浙江高考)The children，all of whom had played the whole day long，were worn out.
2．Nowadays，it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book，about which many experts are worried.
Ⅱ.单句改错
There were a lot of students in the reading room，most of them bent their heads down over their books.them→whom
[再解读要点]
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
(2015年安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
(全国大纲卷)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
(2016年浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
(2016年江苏高考)Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
(江苏高考)The newlybuilt café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
[技法点拨]
定语从句与语法填空 | 定语从句与短文改错 |
1.解答此类考题，关键是找准先行词，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。如果缺少主、宾、表或定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词或关系代词that。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最后确定答案。 2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。 3．牢记that与which, as与which的区别。 | 1.首先识别该句是否为定语从句，然后根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确或缺失，并予以改正或添加。 2．根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断关系词的使用是否正确。作主、宾、表语用which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语用when/where/why/that；作介词宾语用which/whom。 3．判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而判断句中关系词的使用是否正确。 |
