2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：必修21Unit1　Culturalrelics



一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．cultural adj.　　　　　　　 文化的
2．relic n. 遗物；遗迹；纪念物
3．vase n. 花瓶；瓶
4．dynasty n. 朝代；王朝
5．dragon n. 龙
6．honey n．　　　 蜜；蜂蜜
7．jewel n. 珠宝；宝石
8．fancy adj. 奇特的；异样的
vt. 想象；设想；爱好
9．troop n. 群；组；军队
10．mystery n．　 神秘；神秘的事物
11．rebuild vt. 重建
12．castle n. 城堡
13．trial n. 审判；审讯；试验
14．maid n. 少女；女仆
15．eyewitness n. 目击者；证人
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．rare adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
2．style n. 风格；风度；类型
3．artist n. 艺术家
4．worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值
n. 价值；作用
adj. [古]值钱的
5．local adj. 本地的；当地的
6．entrance n. 入口
7．debate n．& vi. 争论；辩论
8．remove vt. 移动；搬开
9．sink vi. 下沉；沉下
10．explode vi. 爆炸
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．value n．& vt.价值；重视→valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的→invaluable adj.极有用的；极宝贵的
2．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
3．select vt.挑选；选择→selection n．选择
4．amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazement n．惊奇
5．decorate v．装饰；装修→decoration n．装饰；装饰品
6．wood n．木；木材→wooden adj.木制的
7．evidence n．根据；证据→evident adj.明显的
8．doubt n．怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的
9．design n．设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思→designer n．设计者
10．formal adj.正式的→informal adj.非正式的
11．receive vt.接待；接收→reception n．接待；招待会；接收→receptionist n．接待员；传达员

1.分词用作形容词
①amaze→amazing→amazed
②inspire→inspiring→inspired
③excite→exciting→excited
④interest→interesting→interested
⑤puzzle→puzzling→puzzled
2.“争论不休”相关词一览
①debate v．& n．　　　 争论；辩论
②argue v. 争论
③discuss v. 讨论
④quarrel v．& n. 争吵
⑤conflict v．& n. 矛盾；冲突
3.各种“选择”
①select vt.　　　 挑选；选择
②choose vt. 选择
③elect vt. 选举
④pick out 挑选出；认出
⑤make a choice 做出选择
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．in__search__of　　　　　　　 寻找
2．belong__to 属于
3．in__return 作为报答；回报
4．serve__as 充当；起作用
5．at__war 处于交战状态
6．less__than 少于
7．take__apart　　　　　　　　　　 拆开
8．think__highly__of 看重；器重
9．look__into 调查
10．rather__than 而不是
11．add...to... 把……加到……上
12．by__the__light__of 借助……的光线

1.“in＋n.＋of”结构大集合
①in search of　　　　　　　 寻找
②in memory of 为了纪念
③in favour of 支持；赞同
④in honour of 为了纪念
⑤in terms of 就……来说
⑥in place of 代替；取代
2.“at＋n.”短语荟萃
①at war　　　　　　　　　　　 处于交战状态
②at school 在求学
③at length 最后；详细地
④at sea 在大海上；在航行
⑤at work 在工作
⑥at peace 处于和平时期
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：can never/can’t have done...一定没做过……，表示对过去的否定推测
Frederick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, could__never__have__imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
句型2：There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There__is__no__doubt__that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.　毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
句型3：it can be proved that...可被证明……，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
For example, it__can__be__proved__that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
句型4：“疑问词＋to do”结构
In a trial, a judge must decide which__eyewitnesses__to__believe and which__not__to__believe．　在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed(吃惊的) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
2．As you know, China has a long history with a number of cultural(文化的) heritages.
3．He survived(幸存) the crash and landed on a deserted island.
4．(2019·江苏卷书面表达)From the design(设计) and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The style(风格) of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I have learned that the exhibition consists of dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists(艺术家), such as Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi and Zhang Daqian.
7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
8．There were so many people at the entrance(enter) to the park waiting to buy tickets.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷阅读C)At this year’s I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human­sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.接待员，传达员
2．(2019·北京卷阅读B)With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth­friendly.试验
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.宝石，珠宝
4．(天津卷)I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.城堡
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As far as I know, the designers who designed all our bank cards have made our life easier.(design)
2．There is no doubt that Catherine is doubtful of her future, for she doubts whether she can continue to work.(doubt)
3．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident)
4．All the experts valued your advice; in other words, they thought your advice was valuable．(value)
5．Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
less than; in return; belong to; at war; think highly of; rather than
As is known to all, cultural relics 1.belong__to human beings 2.rather__than individuals. However, some people try their best to search for them and take possession of them illegally. So we launched a campaign to raise people’s awareness of protecting our cultural relics.Therefore, every one of us should make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed. As far as I know, my grandpa got down to protecting cultural relics at 3.less__than 20 and that was a time when China was 4.at__war. He, together with his colleagues, spared no pains to protect the cultural relics. As a consequence, he 5.was__highly__thought__of and was awarded a medal 6.in__return for his hard work.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。
I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could__not__have__imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.
2．(2019·北京卷书面表达)毫无疑问，用自己的双手劳动而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
There__is__no__doubt__that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend on others.
3．(2018·北京卷书面表达)他们的兴趣被激发，于是我开始教他们如何泡茶。
With their interest greatly aroused, I then began to teach them how__to__make__tea．
4．事实证明，中国为世界和平与发展做出了巨大贡献。
It__can__be__proved__that China has been making great contributions in world peace and development.


survive　vt.幸存；比……活得长；经过……之后还存在　vi.活下来；幸存；残留
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive(survive)．
②As far as I know, the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)None of these seems to have much chance of survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.(浙江卷读后续写)
(高级表达)Having__survived__that__night,__she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语)

(1)survive from　　　　　 从……中幸存
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive...by... 比某人多活了多少岁
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物　
[佳句背诵] Human life is regarded as part of nature and, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.　人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。
[名师点津] survive表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词。
design　n．[C]设计样式；设计图样　v．设计；计划；企图；决意(做)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
②A lot of people often forget that oral exams are designed to__test(test) our communicative ability.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)For Western designers(design), China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)This project was designed to help the students in need.But it just didn’t work out as planned.
(高级表达)This project designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn’t work out as planned.(分词作定语)

(1)design sb. to do sth.　打算让某人做某事
be designed for/to do sth. 旨在；打算被用来做……
(2)by design 故意地；蓄意地
(3)designer n. 设计者　
[佳句背诵] This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice.　这门课程是专门为像你这样的初学者设计的，重点在于听说训练。
[联想发散] 表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结：
(1)故意地：①by__design；②on__purpose；③deliberately．
(2)偶然地：①by__chance；②by__accident；③accidentally．
remove　vt.& vi.移动；去除；拿走；开除；免职；脱去(衣物)；搬迁
[一词多义]——写出下列句中remove的含义
①Because of the serious air pollution, he decided to remove from the city to the countryside.搬家
②It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.摘掉；脱掉
③Of the three columns concerning health, entertainment and culture, my suggestion is that the column of entertainment (should) be removed.删除
[能力提升]——完成句子
④意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定累了，小女孩帮妈妈把包从肩上拿下来。
Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work, the little girl helps to remove__the__bag__from__her__shoulder．

remove...from...　　 把……从……移开/撤掉
remove sb. from one’s post
撤职；开除
remove sb. from school 开除某人；勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt 消除某人的疑虑　
[佳句背诵] As far as I know, the company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.
据我所知， 因为表现欠佳公司已开除了这位经理。
[联想发散] “脱下外套” 表达：
①take__off your coat；
②remove your coat.
worth　prep.值得的；相当于……的价值　n．价值；作用　adj.[古]值钱的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worth experiencing(experience).
②It is worthwhile making/to__make(make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我认为，Growing Together这部英文短片很值得观看。
③Personally speaking, the short English film—Growing Together is well worth watching．
④As far as I’m concerned, the short English film—Growing Together is well worthy to__be__watched．
⑤From my point of view, it is well worthwhile watching/to__watch the short English film—Growing Together.

(1)be (well) worth doing　 ……(非常)值得被做
be worth＋n. 值得……；值……
(2)be worthy
(3)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事。　
[佳句背诵] It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches.
值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学生排球比赛中两次获得冠军。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
in search of　寻找
[基础练习]——对比填空(search for; in search of; search)
①He is determined to go to the USA in__search__of a better life.
②I searched__the room for the lost key, but in vain.
③(浙江卷读后续写)Jane thought and decided to search__for some food.
[能力提升]——一句多译
每年都有许多受过良好教育的年轻人去海南岛找工作。
④Every year, many well­educated young people go to Hainan Island in__search__of__jobs．(search n．)
⑤Every year, many well­educated young people go to Hainan Island to__search__for__jobs．(search v．)

search sth./sb.　　　 搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for 寻找
search...for... 为找到……而搜查……　
[佳句背诵] Firstly, they spent more time in search of food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker.
首先，他们花了更多的时间寻找食物。其次，他们的肌肉变得越来越小，越来越弱。(2019·江苏卷)
[名师点津]
search sb.　　　　　　 搜身
search for sb. 寻找某人
belong to　属于；归属；为……的一员
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Nothing can change the fact that the Diaoyu Islands belong to China.
②As is known to us, China is a country belonging(belong) to the Third World.
③(浙江卷)We had to keep track of our belongings(belong), and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。
Paper­cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which__belongs__to__traditional__Chinese__art．(定语从句)

(1)belong to　　　　　　 表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物　
[佳句背诵] First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
首先，校服使学校看起来漂亮。学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。(2019·江苏卷书面表达)
[名师点津] belong to中to为介词，作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。
in return　作为报答；回报；作为交换
[基础练习]——用turn的相关短语填空
①He spends too much time on maths, and this in__turn affects the progress of his other subjects.
②It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother by__turns．
③We learn both how to love and how to be loved in__return．
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2017·天津卷)我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。
We offer an excellent education to our students. In__return,__we__expect__students__to__work__hard.

(1)in return for...　 作为……的交换；
作为……的报答
(2)return sth.to sb./return sb.sth.
归还给某人某物
(3)in turn 轮流，依次；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而……　
[佳句背诵] I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.
我希望我能做点儿什么事来报答他对我的好意。
[名师点津] “回到”某地 return 不能与back 重复使用！

There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(教材P2)There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
②There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果我是展览的志愿者，毫无疑问我可以用我的专业知识向参观者讲解更多的绘画细节。
If I am a volunteer of the exhibition, there__is__no__doubt__that I can explain more painting details to the visitors using my professional knowledge.

There is no doubt that...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that在句中引导同位语从句。
(1)There is no doubt of/about... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether... 有……疑问
(2)I don’t/never doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑……　
[佳句背诵] There is no doubt that a grand gathering to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC is a great success.
毫无疑问，庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大聚会是一个巨大的成功。
[名师点津] 当doubt用于肯定句时，从句用whether或if引导；当doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，从句用that引导。
“疑问词＋to do”结构
(教材P5)In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When and where to__hold(hold) the meeting remains to be discussed further.
②With the Teachers’ Day approaching, we’ve decided which classrooms to__decorate(decorate)．
[能力提升]——句型转换
③I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not.
→I really have no idea whether__to__accept her invitation or not.

“疑问词＋to do”结构：
(1)“疑问词＋to do”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，不定式必须用主动语态而不能用被动语态。
(2)whether后可接不定式，而if不能。　
[佳句背诵] From the teacher’s point of view, children should be left to decide what to read and how to read.　从老师的角度来看，应该让孩子们自己决定读什么和怎么读。


Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·北京卷)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural(culture) awareness.
2．There is clear evidence(evident) that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.
3．A team of medical workers were sent to tend to the survivors(survive) of the earthquake.
4．They have made amazing(amaze) achievements in the past few years, shocking many people.
5．As we all know, time is the most valuable(value) wealth that one can have.
6．He was sentenced to many years in prison because of stealing famous paintings(painting)．
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．There is no doubt that we will select the best players to take part in the coming Olympic Games.
2．It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the price we pay.
3．Henry told me that there was a time when he stayed up every night going over his lessons.
4．I am always thinking that studying well is the only thing that I can do in return.
5．Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage, he was too nervous to know what to__say(say)．
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Our friends, whom are always late for everything, missed the train again.whom→who
2．After the customers left the restaurant, the waitress removed the dishes for the table.for→from
3．You can complain, but I doubt that it will make any difference.that→if/whether
4．With the environment becoming better, many rarely birds are returning to this area.rarely→rare
5．The students, rather than their teacher, is going to have a picnic this weekend.is→are
6．Hopefully, he still remained actively after the public was founded.actively→active
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·江苏卷阅读D)Naomi put a small recorder near the piano.Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses, heart sinking.vi.使低落
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.vt.去掉
3．My father exploded over the news that I failed in the final exam.vi.勃然大怒
4．(天津卷)As he grows you also age...vi.变老，老化

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
1．Having__removed(remove) from his hometown to the city, Zhang Qiang didn’t know what 2.to__do(do) at first.Under the guidance of his friend Li Ping, he made 3.a fortune by doing business. He launched a campaign which 4.was__designed(design) to help those in need in return 5.for the society.He has done so much for the poor in his community that we can’t think 6.highly(high) of him enough.
(二)
A building with a large 1.collection(collect) of Chinese scripts and 2.paintings(paint) on the wall blew up yesterday. The 3.explosion(explode) killed two people and ruined most of the wall 4.decorations(decorate) dating back to the 19th century. It was evident 5.that those scripts and paintings were very 6.valuable(value). The police questioned all the 7.survivors(survive), but there were still 8.doubtful__(doubt) details remaining to be settled. They said that a formal conclusion would be released a few days later.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某中学生英文报以“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你阅读了相关要求后，准备给该报投稿，稿件内容包括：
①保护中国传统文化的重要性；
②谈谈你对文化保护的建议。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①很显然，中国曾经有很多传统文化，但只有少数流传至今。
It__is__evident__that there existed many traditional Chinese cultures, but few of them have__survived__into__the__present．
②中国在竭尽全力保护传统文化，这受到了高度评价。(定语从句)
China is sparing no efforts to protect traditional culture, which__is__highly__thought__of．
③毫无疑问，保护传统文化对中国文化的多样性至关重要。
There__is__no__doubt__that the protection of traditional culture is of__great__significance__to__Chinese__cultural__diversity．
④值得采取一些措施有效地保护传统文化。
Some__measures__are__worth__taking/It__is__worthwhile__taking/to__take__some__measures__to__protect__traditional__culture__efficiently.
⑤我们应该提高人们保护传统文化的意识。
We__should__raise__people’s__awareness__of__the__importance__of__culture__protection.
⑥珍惜并发展我们宝贵的文化是有意义的。
It__is__rewarding__to__treasure__and__develop__our__valuable__culture.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句①
It__is__evident__that__there__existed__many__traditional__Chinese__cultures,__few__of__which__have__survived__into__the__present.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result, in one’s opinion, in addition, in conclusion)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It is evident that there existed many traditional Chinese cultures, few of which have survived into the present. As a result, China is sparing no efforts to protect traditional culture, which is highly thought of. There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity.
In my opinion, some measures are worth taking/it is worthwhile taking/to take some measures to protect traditional culture efficiently. In addition, we should raise people’s awareness of the importance of culture protection.
In conclusion, it is rewarding to treasure and develop our valuable culture.

(建议用时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·沈阳高三质检)Bikes were invented when people felt the need for stable, fast and efficient vehicles. The idea of making a bike started in the 1790s. It was inspired by a toy.
In 1792, it started off as a two­wheeled part attached to a rigid wooden frame. People would use their feet to move the bike. However, it wasn’t really what people were looking for with a lot of faults. It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy, and the other problem was the poor stability. The front wheel could not turn so one had to get off the bike to turn it. Therefore, there was a need for it to be improved, but it was not the same person who created it that changed it.
In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist. Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured. But one still had to move it by pushing it by feet on the ground. If one wanted to ride this bike, which was called a “hobby horse” at that time, he should know how to keep his balance. The other impressive thing that had changed was the speed, which increased up to 15 kilometers per hour.
Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today. This was invented by a blacksmith who used the idea of a pivot(枢轴) to develop the bike. It did not stop there. People were never satisfied with it because times also did change. As other things were being improved, so were the bikes.
Now with everything in place, there is a need to improve on the speed of these bikes. And the idea of it being only human­powered is out of date. Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程及现状。
1．What was one of the problems with the first bicycle?
A．It was regarded as a toy.
B．It had too many wheels.
C．It had to be operated with efforts.
D．It was too stable to turn the wheel.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People would use their feet to move the bike.”和“It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy”可知，最初的自行车需要费很大的力气才能使它运转，故选C。
2．What can we know about the bike from the text?
A．The bike popular with us today appeared in about 1830.
B．The bike was invented and improved by the same person.
C．The bike made in 1820 had to be moved forward by hand.
D．The bike was called a “hobby horse” when it first appeared.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist.”和第四段第一句“Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today.”可知，至今仍受欢迎的自行车大约出现于1830年。
3．What remains similar in modern bikes compared with those in history?
A．The structure.　　　　　 B．The speed.
C．The safety. D．The weight.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.”可知，现在的自行车和历史上的自行车在结构上仍然相似。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．The Development of Bikes
B．The Invention of Bikes
C．The Impressions on Bikes
D．The Problems with Bikes
A　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是文中的“The idea of making a bike started in 1790s.” “In 1792” “In 1820” “Ten years later” “Today”等信息点可知，这篇文章主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程。
【难句分析】　Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured.
分析：本句含有“not only...but(also)．..”句型，意为“不但……而且……”，其中Not only置于句首，其所属的分句要部分倒装。
译文：不但前轮能转动，而且固定了后支架，使其更舒服。
B
(2020·合肥高三质检)Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee(WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale(规模) and visual effects in and around the property(地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all­round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
【解题导语】　本文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
5．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1?
A．To explain the goal of the organization.
B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
C．To show the positive effect of conservation.
D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是在证明这个观点，故选C。
6．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?
A．Because it took up too much public land of the city.
B．Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C．Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D．Because its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，WHC之所以对Wien Mitte项目担忧是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。
7．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development.
B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C．The international urban management and development.
D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述遗产保护和发展的方法。
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。A项错在是为了检验全球城市规划者所面临的挑战，这只是其中例子所体现的问题，而非作者所表达的关键所在；B项错在为了引进保护环境的其他方法，文中未提及；C项错在为了强调历史和记忆价值的重要性，与主题无关，故排除。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥高三质检)A movie about Mount Qomolangma I saw on a flight inspired me to climb mountains. When I saw the climbers got __1__ in a storm there, I immediately knew I had to start climbing. It was not the __2__ most people had to that film because none of them survived.
I __3__ to climb all the highest peaks in Europe in 2017. Growing up in Sweden, I was always __4__ to be outdoors by my father, but I wasn’t a __5__ adventurer—I just wanted to be a __6__ for girls and to tell a story that had never been told.
There is no __7__ definition(定义) of a mountain. In Holland, Belgium and Denmark, the highest peak is really just a small hill. You could park your car on the top. It felt a bit like __8__， but I decided I would climb them __9__．
Climbing mountains is an experience that is beyond __10__. You are in a beautiful environment and, when you reach the top, you feel __11__. But also you have to climb down, which is when most accidents happen. __12__， I don’t climb mountains that I am not totally __13__．
I wanted to __14__ the project at home, on Sweden’s Kebnekaise. I climbed it with my camera assistant. I was wearing a superhero suit. Once I was at the top we did a __15__—it was like a day on the job; it didn’t seem as __16__ as I’d hoped. But when I put it online and people started __17__ me, I felt __18__. Thanks to climbing, I become much __19__， physically and mentally.
My __20__ now is always to have a mountain in my calendar. I will climb Mount Qomolangma one day, when I’m ready.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者登山的故事及其感悟。
1．A.stuck B．excited
C．changed D．annoyed
A　解析：根据固定词组搭配get stuck in“陷入”，并结合下文“because none of them survived”可知，登山者陷入暴风雪的困境中。
2．A.access B．promise
C．solution D．reaction
D　解析：承接上文“When I saw the climbers got ______ in a storm there, I immediately knew I had to start climbing.”可知，作者当时看电影的反应就是要去爬山，而不是大多数人看到电影里没有登山者存活的反应。
3．A.declined B．happened
C．decided D．agreed
C　解析：根据下文“It felt a bit like ______， but I decided I would climb them ______．”可推知，作者在2017年决定去爬欧洲所有的最高峰。
4．A.troubled B．warned
C．encouraged D．forced
C　解析：根据语境可推知，作者的父亲鼓励作者做户外运动。
5．A.lucky B．serious
C．calm D．friendly
B　解析：根据下文“I just wanted to be a ______ for girls and to tell a story that had never been told.”可推知，作者虽然在父亲的鼓励下做户外运动，但并不是真正意义上的探险者。
6．A.role model B．nice surprise
C．funny joke D．childhood memory
A　解析：根据语境可推知，作者爬山只是想成为他人的楷模，做女孩子并不常做的事情。role model“楷模”。
7．A.alternative B．universal
C．broad D．vague
B　解析：根据下文“In Holland, Belgium and Denmark, the highest peak is really just a small hill.”可推知，作者认为山并没有一个广泛适用的定义，因地方不同而不同。
8．A.challenging B．frightening
C．attracting D．cheating
D　解析：根据语境可推知，事实上那些最高峰只是一些小丘陵而已，感觉像在骗人一样。
9．A.otherwise B．regardless
C．again D．indeed
D　解析：根据该句中的“I decided I would”，并与上文叙述的作者总是在父亲的鼓励下去做户外运动可推知，尽管那些山并不高，但是作者还是决定去爬。indeed“当然，确实”用于强调。
10．A.recognition B．reach
C．description D．control
C　解析：根据对本段的整体理解可推知，爬山是一种难以言表的体验。beyond description“难以言表”。
11．A.awkward B．unbelievable
C．scared D．anxious
B　解析：根据语境可知，你置身于美景中，登上山顶时，你会觉得不可思议，难以置信。
12．A.Instead B．However
C．Thus D．Lastly
C　解析：根据上下文可推知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，thus“因此”。
13．A.curious about B．afraid of
C．addicted to D．ready for
D　解析：根据下文“I will climb Mount Qomolangma one day, when I’m ready.”可推知，作者没有准备好是不会去登山的。
14．A.top off B．look into
C．give up D．work out
A　解析：根据下文“Once I was at the top”可推知，作者决定完成国内的爬山项目。top off“圆满地结束”；look into“调查”；give up “放弃”；work out“解决；锻炼身体；计算”。
15．A.puzzle B．shoot
C．course D．wash
B　解析：根据上文“I climbed it with my camera assistant.”可推知，作者登顶后，进行了拍摄。
16．A.strange B．normal
C．ridiculous D．special
D　解析：根据“it was like a day on the job; it didn’t seem as ______ as I’d hoped”可推知，作者登顶拍摄后又觉得这很平常，就像日常工作的一天一样，没有像作者期望的那样特别。
17．A.praising B．questioning
C．defending D．teasing
A　解析：根据该句中的“But”表转折可推知，作者觉得自己的拍摄没有什么特别的，但把自己爬山的拍摄放在网上后却得到了人们的赞扬，由此作者感到自豪和骄傲。
18．A.proud B．astonished
C．confused D．grateful
A　解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.smarter B．stronger
C．shyer D．kinder
B　解析：根据语境可推知，爬山让作者身心更加强健。
20．A.problem B．secret
C．goal D．regret
C　解析：根据下文“I will climb Mount Qomolangma one day, when I’m ready.”可推知，作者把爬山作为自己的一个目标。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·济南高三检测)I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of a old woman with a walking stick lie on the ground. Quick I ran over to help her up and asked her that was wrong with her. She told me she slipped and fell because heart trouble. I was worried and decide to take her to a hospital nearby. And then I contacted my family. Soon her son and daughter came to the hospital. I told them some informations about the incident. They thanked and praised me for my kindness. Although I was late for school today, but I felt very proud of what I have done.
答案：
I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of old woman with a walking stick on the ground. I ran over to help her up and asked her was wrong with her. She told me she slipped and fell because heart trouble. I was worried and to take her to a hospital nearby. And then I contacted family. Soon her son and daughter came to the hospital. I told them some about the incident. They thanked and praised me for my kindness. Although I was late for school today, I felt very proud of
⑨
what I done.
①a改为an。考查冠词。old的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
②lie改为lying。考查非谓语动词。lie和其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
③Quick改为Quickly。考查副词。修饰动词“ran”要用副词Quickly。
④that改为what。考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，故此处应用what。
⑤在because后加of。考查介词。此处应用because of，为介词短语，后接名词短语作宾语。
⑥decide改为decided。考查动词的时态。本文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故此处应用一般过去时。
⑦my改为her。考查代词。此处表示“我”联系了那位老妇人的家人，故要用her。
⑧informations改为information。考查名词。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
⑨删除but。考查连词。该句已经含有Although引导的让步状语从句。although和but不能同时使用，故应删除but。
⑩have改为had。考查动词的时态。此处表示“我”当时为之前所做的事情感到自豪，为过去的过去，故要用过去完成时。