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2019届高考英语（浙江专版）一轮复习练习：必修1 4 Unit4知能演练轻松闯关 Word版含解析
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阅读理解
A
(2018·湖州模拟)As a child，I was generally happy，singing and dancing to my favorite songs，smiling and laughing with my friends and family.But as far back as second grade，I noticed a “darkness” about me.I didn’t enjoy participating in many things.
In middle school，things in my life began to get even worse.I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed(诊断)with clinical depression，and had to take medicine.It took months for me to feel the effects of the medicine.
When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.Aristotle said，“To live happily is an inward power of the soul，” and I believe that this quote describes what I had to do to achieve happiness.Happiness is a journey.Everyone seems to need different things to be happy.
“The essentials(要素) to happiness are something to love，something to do，and something to hope for，”a quote from William Blake sums up what I believe people need to realize to be truly happy in life.People need love.I feel they need their family and their friends more than anything else in the world.People need work to do，something to make them feel they are making a difference in the world.People need to know that more good is to come in the future，so they continue to live for “now” instead of constantly worrying about the bad that could come.Love and hope are happiness.
【解题导语】 作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历总结出了幸福生活的要素。
1．What do we know about the author in Paragraph 2?
A．He hated going to sleep because he couldn’t sleep well.
B．He spent months recovering from the clinical depression.
C．He was diagnosed with clinical depression in Grade Seven.
D．He suffered a great deal from clinical depression.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I began withdrawing from...take medicine.”可知，在中学时，作者受到临床抑郁症的折磨。故选D项。
2．Who helped the author to be happy again?
A．The author’s friends.
B．Aristotle.
C．The author himself.
D．William.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.”可知，作者并不是依赖药物而是靠自己克服病症，重新快乐起来。故选C项。
3．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The Essentials to Happiness
B．Ways to Overcome Shortcomings
C．Everyone Needs to Be Happy
D．Happiness Is Love
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读文章，作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历，总结出幸福生活的要素，文章最后一段具体阐述了要素的内容，由此可知A项契合文章主旨。
B
Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.
Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle’s Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.
“To do this，we trained each pig. In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.
Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets. On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.
The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets. Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.
The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern. Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。
4．What was the study trying to figure out?
A．How to make pigs happier.
B．The similarities between humans and pigs.
C．How living environment affected pigs’ mood.
D．How pigs’ mood and personality affected their judgment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。
5．What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Simple.
B．More comfortable.
C．Unpractical.
D．Less free.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft，deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。
6．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?
A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.
B．The bowl containing coffee beans.
C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.
D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。
7．What do the findings of the new research imply?
A．People should treat pigs equally.
B．People’s health relies on meat quality.
C．People should meet pigs’ various needs.
D．People’s attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。
七选五
(2018·嘉兴第一中学适应性考试)
How to Feel Beautiful on the Inside
Public opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside，but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. 1.________. Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.
Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义) inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or，is your definition of beauty more complex? 2.________. Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.
Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths，you can apply other ways to feel more confident. 3.________. This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds selfrespect.
Smile and laugh more. 4.________，just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside，but also improve your outer beauty.
5．________. A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you，there are amazing people，places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.
A．Notice the beauty around you
B．When you want to get the feeling of confidence
C．Even if you don’t quite feel up to it at the moment
D．Besides，you should try to laugh as much as possible
E．Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you
F．It has more to do with your character than your appearance
G．Frequently take part in activities in which you perform well
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了实现内在美的一些建议。
1．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，应选F项，F项中的“character”与空前一句中的“inner beauty”(内在美)呼应，“your appearance”与空前一句中的“‘beautiful’ on the outside”(外在美)呼应，所以选F。
2．E 解析：根据段首主题句可知，E项中的“what beauty means to you”与主题句呼应。另外，选项E中的“reflect on”(反思)与主题句中的“Ask”相照应并且空后的描述是“反思”的具体体现之一。故选E。
3．G 解析：首先，虽然B选项含有本段讲述的关键词“confidence”，但是它是一个从句，与空处不匹配。其次，G选项中的关键词“activities”与空后的“...from making music to playing sports. Doing things...”是内容上的总分关系，所以选G。
4．C 解析：由空后的逗号和“just arranging...your mood”可知，此空应是从句，所以选项B和C进入考虑的范围，选项C中的关键词“it”指代前一句的“Smile and laugh more.”，且C项与空后内容语意连贯，所以选C。
5．A 解析：根据本段内容尤其是本段中的“...seeing the beauty in everything. All around you...”可知，A项适合作本段的主题句。所以选A。
应用文写作
(2018·浙江名校联考)假设你是李明，你的堂弟李华今年上高一，对于新高考的选课有一些疑惑。请根据以下要点写一封信，给堂弟提几点选课建议。内容包括：
1．考虑大学招生要求和未来发展；
2．考虑自身兴趣和特长；
3．多了解相关信息。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Li Hua，
I heard you’ve had problems with the course selection. Here are some tips that may help. Some universities have different standards for prospective students, including which subjects they should learn during high school, so you are advised to take university requirements and your future development into consideration. Additionally, it is quite good if you can decide your own future path based on your interests and advantages. For more information, you’d better access some related websites.
I hope my advice can help you make a wise decision.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
阅读理解
A
(2018·湖州模拟)As a child，I was generally happy，singing and dancing to my favorite songs，smiling and laughing with my friends and family.But as far back as second grade，I noticed a “darkness” about me.I didn’t enjoy participating in many things.
In middle school，things in my life began to get even worse.I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed(诊断)with clinical depression，and had to take medicine.It took months for me to feel the effects of the medicine.
When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.Aristotle said，“To live happily is an inward power of the soul，” and I believe that this quote describes what I had to do to achieve happiness.Happiness is a journey.Everyone seems to need different things to be happy.
“The essentials(要素) to happiness are something to love，something to do，and something to hope for，”a quote from William Blake sums up what I believe people need to realize to be truly happy in life.People need love.I feel they need their family and their friends more than anything else in the world.People need work to do，something to make them feel they are making a difference in the world.People need to know that more good is to come in the future，so they continue to live for “now” instead of constantly worrying about the bad that could come.Love and hope are happiness.
【解题导语】 作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历总结出了幸福生活的要素。
1．What do we know about the author in Paragraph 2?
A．He hated going to sleep because he couldn’t sleep well.
B．He spent months recovering from the clinical depression.
C．He was diagnosed with clinical depression in Grade Seven.
D．He suffered a great deal from clinical depression.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I began withdrawing from...take medicine.”可知，在中学时，作者受到临床抑郁症的折磨。故选D项。
2．Who helped the author to be happy again?
A．The author’s friends.
B．Aristotle.
C．The author himself.
D．William.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.”可知，作者并不是依赖药物而是靠自己克服病症，重新快乐起来。故选C项。
3．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The Essentials to Happiness
B．Ways to Overcome Shortcomings
C．Everyone Needs to Be Happy
D．Happiness Is Love
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读文章，作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历，总结出幸福生活的要素，文章最后一段具体阐述了要素的内容，由此可知A项契合文章主旨。
B
Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.
Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle’s Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.
“To do this，we trained each pig. In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.
Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets. On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.
The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets. Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.
The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern. Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。
4．What was the study trying to figure out?
A．How to make pigs happier.
B．The similarities between humans and pigs.
C．How living environment affected pigs’ mood.
D．How pigs’ mood and personality affected their judgment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。
5．What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Simple.
B．More comfortable.
C．Unpractical.
D．Less free.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft，deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。
6．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?
A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.
B．The bowl containing coffee beans.
C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.
D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。
7．What do the findings of the new research imply?
A．People should treat pigs equally.
B．People’s health relies on meat quality.
C．People should meet pigs’ various needs.
D．People’s attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。
七选五
(2018·嘉兴第一中学适应性考试)
How to Feel Beautiful on the Inside
Public opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside，but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. 1.________. Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.
Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义) inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or，is your definition of beauty more complex? 2.________. Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.
Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths，you can apply other ways to feel more confident. 3.________. This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds selfrespect.
Smile and laugh more. 4.________，just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside，but also improve your outer beauty.
5．________. A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you，there are amazing people，places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.
A．Notice the beauty around you
B．When you want to get the feeling of confidence
C．Even if you don’t quite feel up to it at the moment
D．Besides，you should try to laugh as much as possible
E．Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you
F．It has more to do with your character than your appearance
G．Frequently take part in activities in which you perform well
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了实现内在美的一些建议。
1．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，应选F项，F项中的“character”与空前一句中的“inner beauty”(内在美)呼应，“your appearance”与空前一句中的“‘beautiful’ on the outside”(外在美)呼应，所以选F。
2．E 解析：根据段首主题句可知，E项中的“what beauty means to you”与主题句呼应。另外，选项E中的“reflect on”(反思)与主题句中的“Ask”相照应并且空后的描述是“反思”的具体体现之一。故选E。
3．G 解析：首先，虽然B选项含有本段讲述的关键词“confidence”，但是它是一个从句，与空处不匹配。其次，G选项中的关键词“activities”与空后的“...from making music to playing sports. Doing things...”是内容上的总分关系，所以选G。
4．C 解析：由空后的逗号和“just arranging...your mood”可知，此空应是从句，所以选项B和C进入考虑的范围，选项C中的关键词“it”指代前一句的“Smile and laugh more.”，且C项与空后内容语意连贯，所以选C。
5．A 解析：根据本段内容尤其是本段中的“...seeing the beauty in everything. All around you...”可知，A项适合作本段的主题句。所以选A。
应用文写作
(2018·浙江名校联考)假设你是李明，你的堂弟李华今年上高一，对于新高考的选课有一些疑惑。请根据以下要点写一封信，给堂弟提几点选课建议。内容包括：
1．考虑大学招生要求和未来发展；
2．考虑自身兴趣和特长；
3．多了解相关信息。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Li Hua，
I heard you’ve had problems with the course selection. Here are some tips that may help. Some universities have different standards for prospective students, including which subjects they should learn during high school, so you are advised to take university requirements and your future development into consideration. Additionally, it is quite good if you can decide your own future path based on your interests and advantages. For more information, you’d better access some related websites.
I hope my advice can help you make a wise decision.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
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