2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题12 选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Dear Alcohol，

You've been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me.

Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He's addicted to you and to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night.

Do you remember the night of my first high school party? My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you. “I'm so embarrassed，” they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up. “I'm sorry，” they said when I called taxis for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. “This won't happen again，” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15­year­old girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you.

Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17­year­old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car head­on and killed two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was among them at all. She never saw him again. And it was all your fault.

I wish you'd walk out of my life forever. I don't want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you've caused. Sure, you've made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable. Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me, please.

Sincerely，

Me

[语篇解读]　这篇文章是一封书信。作者用拟人化的手法，写信给酒，痛斥它给人们带来的伤害，以此劝诫人们远离酒。

1．What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night?

A．It made him drunken and took his life away.

B．It made him kill two other people when driving.

C．It got him into a car accident and badly injured.

D．It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知答案为C项。

答案：C

2．What does the underlined phrase “were intrigued by”probably mean in the letter?

A．Were interested in.　B．Were satisfied with.

C．Were familiar with. D．Were disappointed by.

解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句可以推断出作者的朋友对酒很感兴趣，故答案为A项。

答案：A

3．What is the author's purpose in writing this letter?

A．To warn people not to drive after drinking.

B．To persuade people to get away from alcohol.

C．To tell people three sad stories about alcohol.

D．To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol.

解析：作者意图题。从文章最后一段可知，作者写此信的目的是劝诫人们远离酒，故答案为B项。

答案：B

4．How was the author feeling while writing his letter?

A．Shocked.  B．Responsible.

C．Disappointed. D．Sorrowful.

解析：推理判断题。文中讲述了饮酒造成的两次车祸，一次朋友饮酒后就医的故事，字里行间含着悲伤的(sorrowful)情绪，故答案为D项。

答案：D

B

Two of the hardest things to accomplish in this world are to acquire wealth by honest effort and, having gained it, to learn how to use it properly. Recently I walked into the locker room of a rather well­known golf club after finishing a round. It was in the late afternoon and most of the members had left for their homes. But a half­dozen or so men past middle age were still seated at tables talking aimlessly and drinking more than was good for them. These same men can be found there day after day, and, strangely enough，each one of these men had been a man of affairs and wealth，successful in business and respected in the community. If material prosperity were the chief necessity for happiness, then each one should have been happy. Yet, it seemed to me,  something very important was missing,  or else there would not have been the constant effort to escape the realities of life through Scotch and soda.They knew, each one of them, that their productivity had ceased (停止). When a fruit tree ceases to bear its fruit, it is dying. And it is even so with man.

What is the answer to a long and happy existence in this world of ours? I think I found it long ago in a passage from the book of Genesis which caught my eye while I was looking through my Bible.The words were few, but they became memorably impressed in my mind：“In the sweat of the face shall you eat the bread.”

To me, that has been a challenge from my earliest recollections (memories).  In fact,  the  battle  of life,  of existence,  is  a challenge to everyone. The immortal words of St. Paul, too, have been and always will be a great inspiration to me. At the end of the road I want to be able to feel that I have fought a good fight, I have finished the course, I have kept the faith.

[语篇解读]　本文为一篇议论文，题材为人生哲理类。文章开头首先提出世上最难实现的两件事是通过诚实劳动获得财富和获得财富后学会如何合理地使用财富。然后论述了人生的意义在于一息尚存，奋斗不已。

5．Which of the following is indicated in the first paragraph?

A．Wealth results from honest effort.

B．The men seated at tables in the locker room are lost in the significance of life.

C．For some people，no way can be found to escape the realities of life other than Scotch and soda.

D．The men acquire wealth by planting fruit trees.

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yet，it seemed to me，...through Scotch and soda.”可知，很多人借助酒来逃避现实，虚度人生，故选C项。

答案：C

6．The underlined sentence “In the sweat of the face shall you eat the bread” means “        ”．

A．Bread tastes delicious when sweat pours off your face

B．No pain，no gain

C．Failure is the mother of success

D．Bread comes from the sweat on your face

解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者认为幸福而有意义的人生是通过奋斗获得成功，由此可猜测画线部分应突出努力付出和收获之间的关系，故选B项。

答案：B

7．We learn from the passage that the author         .

A．was a wealthy person in the community

B．held a positive attitude towards an active life

C．was fond of associating with celebrities (名人)

D．kept a secret of the reason why he was so impressed

解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知作者的生活态度是“一息尚存，奋斗不已”，故选B项。

答案：B

8．What is implied in the passage by the writer?

A．To use wealth properly, eat, drink and be merry.

B．Where there is a will，there is a way.

C．As life is but like a dream，a man is like a fruit tree.

 D．If you cease to struggle，you cease to live.

解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段结尾处的“When a fruit tree ceases...so with man.”可知，文中暗含了作者“一息尚存，奋斗不已”的生活态度，故选D项。

答案：D

Ⅱ.完形填空

I remember the first day when I saw Sally playing basketball.  I watched in wonder as she struggled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. She seemed so   1  ， but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her   2   nobody could.

I began to notice Sally at other times, basketball in hand，playing   3  . She practiced dribbling (运球) and   4   over and over.

One day I asked Sally why she   5   so much. Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a   6  . I'm going to play college basketball and I want to be the best one. I believe that if I am   7   enough, I will get one. My father has told me that if the dream is big enough, the facts don't   8  .”

I   9   her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her team to   10  .One day, in her senior year, I saw her sitting on the grass, her head   11   in her arms. Slowly and quietly, I   12   and sat down beside her.“What's wrong？” I asked.“Oh, nothing，” came a soft reply，“I am just too short.” The   13   told her that at 165cm she would probably never play for a top team—still less she would be   14   a scholarship—so she should stop dreaming about college.

I felt she was extremely   15  . I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were   16  .They didn't understand the   17   of a dream.

The next year, Sally was seen by a college basketball coach after a big game.She was   18   offered a scholarship and   19   to the college team.She was going to get the college education that she had   20   and worked toward for all those years.

It's true: if the dream is big enough, the facts don't count.

[语篇解读]　本文主要讲述了Sally在自身条件不好的情况下不懈努力，最终实现梦想的故事。

1．A.silent　　　　　　 B．small

C．strong D．huge

解析：根据but的转折意义并结合上文的“I watched in wonder as she struggled her way through the crowd of boys”可推知，Sally个子很小，与下文的“I am just too short”呼应。

答案：B

2．A.but  B．and

C．so D．for

解析：由空前的“The boys always tried to stop her”和空后的“nobody could”可知，前后表示逻辑上的转折关系。

答案：A

3．A.still  B．again

C．well D．alone

解析：根据语境可知，作者经常看到Sally独自打球。

答案：D

4．A.passing  B．running

C．shooting D．struggling

解析：由上文的“but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their   heads and into the net”和空前的“dribbling(运球)”可知，Sally反复练习运球和投球(shooting)。

答案：C

5．A.studied  B．practiced

C．expected D．improved

解析：由上文的“She practiced dribbling(运球)and   4    over and  over.”可知，作者问Sally为什么要大量地练习球技。

答案：B

6．A.title  B．prize

C．scholarship D．reward

解析：根据下文“she would probably never play for a top team—still less she would be    14    a scholarship—so she should stop dreaming about college”可知，Sally努力练球是想拿到奖学金去上大学。

答案：C

7．A.good  B．brave

C．careful D．active

解析：由上文的“I want to be the best one”可知，Sally认为只有当自己的球技足够好的时候，才可以拿到奖学金。

答案：A

8．A.lack  B．talk

C．appear D．count

解析：由下文的“It's true：if the dream is big enough，the facts don't count.”可知，当梦想足够强大的时候，事实并不那么重要。count意为“重要”。

答案：D

9．A.encouraged  B．respected

C．watched D．helped

解析：由上文的“I watched in wonder”和“I began to notice Sally at  other times”可知，作者一直关注着Sally。

答案：C

10．A.victory  B．confidence

C．responsibility D．profession

解析：根据上文Sally成功投篮和反复练习球技可推知，她带领自己的球队获得了胜利。

答案：A

11．A.dropped  B．buried

C．covered D．sunk

解析：结合下文的“‘What's wrong？’I asked.”及“I am just too short.”可推知，当时Sally情绪不高，把头埋在胳膊里。

答案：B

12．A.walked off  B．walked out

C．walked around D．walked up

解析：根据“Slowly and quietly”和“and sat down beside her”可知，作者当时静静地走过去，坐在了Sally旁边。walk up意为“走近”。

答案：D

13．A.coach  B．teacher

C．captain D．leader

解析：根据下文的“She told me that her father said those coaches were   16  .”可知，教练告诉她，她太矮了。

答案：A

14．A.suggested  B．sent

C．promised D．offered

解析：根据下文的“She was   18   offered a scholarship”可知，教练认为Sally不会获得奖学金。

答案：D

15．A.worried  B．excited

C．disappointed D．surprised

解析：根据上文教练的话可知，Sally感到很失望。

答案：C

16．A.great  B．wrong

C．strict D．cruel

解析：由上文的“My father has told me...the facts don't   8  .”可推知，Sally的父亲认为教练是错的。与下文的“They didn't  understand the   17   of a dream.”相呼应。

答案：B

17．A.pressure  B．value

C．cause D．power

解析：根据下文Sally拿到奖学金并接受大学教育可推知，此处表示“他们不明白梦想的力量”。

答案：D

18．A.exactly  B．naturally

C．really D．normally

解析：结合下文的“She was going to get the college education”可知，Sally确实获得了奖学金。

答案：C

19．A.taken  B．admitted

C．introduced D．appointed

解析：Sally获得了奖学金并且还加入了大学篮球队。be admitted to 意为“考入，进入”。

答案：B

20．A.dreamed of  B．picked up

C．benefited from D．carried out

解析：根据上文可知，Sally一直梦想上大学。

答案：A

Ⅲ.短文改错

Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In the fact, this happens in many place of interest. I had some suggestions to solve this problem.

First, make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鸦). Besides, punishments, such as a fine, is necessary to tourists with so bad behavior.  Also, I think it's helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages.

I'm sure with our efforts,  more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.

答案：

Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public  by writing on the Great Wall. In fact, this happens in many  of interest. I  some suggestions to solve this problem.

First, make more posters to inform the public  the damage of graffiti (涂鸦). Besides, punishments, such as a fine,  necessary to tourists with  bad behavior.  Also, I think it's  to put up some boards along the tourist attractions  tourists can leave messages.

I'm sure with our efforts,  more and more people will become  about protecting cultural relics.