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高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4必修4Unit 2 Working the land同步测试题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4必修4Unit 2 Working the land同步测试题，共34页。
Unit 2 Working the land
Warming Up & Reading
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境选择正确的单词填空
struggle, hungry, disturbing, expand, battle, rid, freedom, therefore, equip, export
1. I couldn’t possibly get rid of this lovely old coat.
2. A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export.
3. They had to struggle against all kinds of difficulties.
4. She is too near-sighted, so we have to expand the size of the image.
5. He’s only 17 and therefore no power to vote or to be voted.
6. Disturbing news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.
7. We never defeated them on the field of battle.
8. The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
9. When a newborn is hungry, it learns to shout and cry.
10. He gave me his house, that’s to say, I was given the freedom of the whole house.
Ⅱ. 根据语境写出黑体部分的汉语意思
1. To rid oneself of bad habits and evil, and to pursue good thoughts and deeds. (戒掉; 摆脱)
2. Nowadays many teenagers would rather get advice from strangers online. (宁愿)
3. We’ve collected $50, 000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public. (幸亏)
4. They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals. (为……而斗争)
5. We all want to make a difference in this world. Whether it is big or small. (有影响)
6. I hope people I care about can have a wonderful life. (关心)
7. I did once dream of becoming the first woman to captain an ocean liner. (梦想)
8. He put a lot of money into the firm with the hope of profits in the future. (怀着……希望)
9. They searched for a spot where they could sit on the floor. (寻找)
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分
1. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
在1973年, 他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
2. He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
他从梦中醒来, 希望能培育一种能养活更多人的水稻。
3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 使用他的杂交水稻, 农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
-dom 构成名词的后缀, 表示“状态或领域”
free→freedom 自由
king→ kingdom 王国
wise →wisdom 智慧
newspaper →newspaperdom 新闻界
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Why has Yuan Longping struggled for many years?
A. He wants to become one of the top scientists.
B. He wants to prove farmers can also become scientists.
C. He wants to do something for farmers.
D. He wants other countries to know him.
(2)The sentence “Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. ” in the last paragraph means that _______.
A. one should have dreams
B. one shouldn’t have dreams
C. one’s wishes are easy to realize
D. one wishes for things that cost nothing
(3)From the text, we can conclude that _______.
A. 60% of the rice grown in the world is from super hybrid rice
B. Yuan Longping made a great contribution to the world in solving the hunger problem
C. Yuan Longping leads a very comfortable life with his high income
D. Yuan Longping has the habit of having dreams when sleeping
(4)What kind of person is Yuan Longping?
A. He likes to live with the poor and is ready to help them.
B. He thinks much of himself but little of others.
C. He is strict with other scientists and the farmers.
D. He has his own dreams to help the people.
答案: (1)～(4) CABD
(5)What does the whole passage mainly talk about?
Yuan Longping’s achievements in farming.
2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 的确, 他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂, 以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯, 就跟其他千百万中国农民一样, 过去50年来, 他一直在努力帮助他们。
译文: 虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一, 袁隆平仍认为自己是一个农民, 因为他在田间耕作、进行科学研究。
根据文章内容完成表格。
Name
Yuan Longping
Born
In (1)1930
Appearance
His face and arms are (2)sunburnt. His body is (3)slim but (4)strong. All these make him look like a (5)farmer.
Achievements
·He succeeded in growing (6)super hybrid rice.
·He became the first agricultural (7)pioneer in the world to grow rice whose output is high.
·He helped the government highly increase the (8)output/harvest of grain.
(9)Personality
He cares little about (10)money and being famous.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
What do you think would happen if there were suddenly no rice to eat tomorrow?
If that happened, people there would suffer from starvation. People would panic (惊慌) and the whole country would get into trouble.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)中国的农民过去一直受着饥饿的困扰。(be disturbed by)
(2)几十年来, 他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法, 但收效甚微。(decade, struggle, grain output)
(3)多亏了袁隆平的杂交水稻研究, 农民们的收成比以前多了一倍。这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。(thanks to, hybrid, twice as. . . as. . . , get rid of)
(4)大多数农民都说很满意现在的生活, 宁愿待在农村当农民。(be satisfied with, would rather)
Farmers in China used to be disturbed by hunger. For decades, they have been struggling to search for ways to increase the grain output, but without success. Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research on the hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before, which means 22% of the world’s population have got rid of hunger. Most of the farmers say they are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.
要点精研·探究学习
1. struggle vi. &n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力
*Yuan Longping has struggled for millions of Chinese farmers for the past five decades.
过去50年来, 袁隆平一直在努力帮助着数百万的中国农民。
*A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.
强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。
*She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.
她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。
*The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.
那位年轻人努力挣扎着站起来同抢劫犯作斗争。
struggle for 努力争取……; 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. 许多家庭都在努力维持生计。
Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
生命不息, 战斗不止。
(1)语法填空。
①Jennifer, having struggled (struggle) for weeks to find a job as a travel guide, finally turned out to be a salesgirl.
②In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard(hear).
(2)结合语境, 完成下面的小短文。
Farmers always have to struggle for a living. They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometowns and go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income.
农民一直都不得不为了生存而努力, 他们经常与恶劣的天气作斗争来争取有个好点的收成, 他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到大城市打工, 努力增加他们的收入。
2. expand vt. &vi. 使变大; 伸展*Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求一种增收稻谷的方法。
*The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.
那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇。
*The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.
村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。
*He did not expand greatly on his sunburnt skin.
他未就晒黑的皮肤多加解释。
*The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year. 这本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
expand. . . into. . . 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into. . . 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)某事
expansion n. 膨胀, 扩大
expand和extend的区别
前者指向四面八方的扩大, 扩张, 后者指向某一方向的延伸。
(1)语法填空。
①Could you expand on that point, please?
②Looking farther into the future, we plan to expand into Europe.
③He wants to expand his garden into the corner of the walls.
(2) A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion.
气体温度上升致使气体膨胀。
3. rid. . . of 使……摆脱或除去*Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究, 联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
*She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.
她在努力地摆脱对药品的依赖。
*You should get rid of the bad habits.
你应该改掉坏习惯。
*They work day and night in order to rid themselves of debt.
为了摆脱债务, 他们夜以继日地工作。
be rid of 摆脱
get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 去掉
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
在rid. . . of. . . 短语中, rid为动词, 后跟sb. 或some place作宾语, 指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。
【知识延伸】
accuse sb. of sth. 指责某人某事
cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的……病
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某物
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
(2020· 天津高考)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的静音机, 你可以在不打扰男孩或他父母的情况下消除声音。
(1)语法填空。
①The proposals are an attempt to rid the country of political corruption.
②The owner needs to get rid of the car for financial reasons.
(2)同义句改写。
Why couldn’t he rid himself of those thoughts and worries?
→Why couldn’t he get rid of those thoughts and worries?
4. would rather宁愿; 宁可
*He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的兴趣爱好上。
*I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.
我宁可考试不及格, 也不愿意作弊。
*I would rather have left a note on her desk.
我要是留张便条在她书桌上就好了。
(1)would rather not do 宁愿不做……
(3)would rather have done 本来想做……(而未实现)
would rather+从句
(1)语法填空。
①I’d rather (that) you hadn’t told (not tell) him about it that day.
②John wants to see me today. I would rather he came (come) tomorrow than today.
③I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.
(2)一句多译。
我宁可待在家里看书, 也不愿意和朋友们一起去游泳。
①I would rather stay at home reading than go swimming with my friends. (would rather do. . . than do. . . )
②I would stay at home reading rather than go swimming with my friends. (would do. . . rather than do. . . )
③I prefer to stay at home reading rather than go swimming with my friends. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. )
5. equip vt. & vi. 配备; 装备
*He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是, 他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。
*Most parents want to equip their children with a good education.
大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。
*Every classroom in this modern school is equipped with a new computer.
这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备一台新电脑。
*It’s a modern, well equipped hospital, and all its equipment is of high quality.
这是一个现代化的、装备精良的医院, 所有的设备都具有较高的质量。
(1)equip. . . with. . . 用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着……
be equipped for. . . 准备好……; 对……有准备
be well/poorly equipped 装备精良的/较差的
(2)equipment n. 装备; 设备(不可数名词)
equipment为不可数名词, 如: office equipment办公设备; sports equipment运动器材; a piece of equipment一件设备。
(1)语法填空。
①She was fully equipped for the climbing.
②Your education will equip you for your future life.
③They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
④A computer is the most important piece of equipment(equip) you will buy.
(2)句式升级。
They are equipped with new scientific farming methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
6. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?你种过植物吗?如果种过的话, 你是怎么培育它们的?如果没有种过的话, 你想要尝试种什么植物?
【句式解构】
(1)此处用了省略结构。If so 为省略句式, if为连词, so指代上文的内容。意为“如果是这样的话”。
(2)If not为If so的否定形式。
*Will you get a free evening next week? If so, let’s have a dinner.
下周你会有一个晚上的空吗?如果有, 让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
*Is everybody feeling cold? If not, let’s open the window.
大家感到冷吗?如果不, 让我们把窗户打开吧。
*If necessary, you can turn to me for help.
必要的话, 你可以向我求助。
if构成的其他省略结构
if necessary 如果有必要
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
用if构成的省略形式填空。
(1)I would prefer to go out for a picnic, if possible.
如果可能的话, 我更乐意外出野餐。
(2)I don’t have any ink. If any, I will lend you some.
我没有墨水了, 如果有的话, 我就借给你一些了。
(3)Students will learn two foreign languages, if necessary.
如果必要的话, 学生们要学习两门外语。
(4)We are told that he will come tonight, and if so, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If not, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow. 我们被告知他今晚会来。如果他来的话, 我们的会议将在明天举行; 如果他不来的话, 明天就不开会。
【要点拾遗】
1. disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的; 令人不安的
*At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
在那时, 饥饿在农村的许多地区是一个令人不安的问题。
*If you get up early, please don’t disturb your father.
如果你起床早, 请不要打扰你的父亲。
*He felt disturbed when he heard his mother was ill.
当他听说他母亲病了的时候, 他感到心神不安。
disturb v. 打扰; 干扰; 妨碍
disturbed adj. 精神紊乱的; 心神不安的
be disturbed about 对……感到心神不安
It disturbs sb. to do. . . 做……打扰某人/使某人不安
【巧学助记】
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news, that is, the news disturbed all of them.
他们都因这条令人不安的消息而都深感不安, 也就是说, 这条消息使他们都感到不安。
【易错辨析】
disturb
意为“干扰, 扰乱”, 侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序
interrupt
意为“打扰, 打断”, 侧重打断某个活动的进程, 使其不能进行下去
(1)用disturb的适当形式填空。
①Heavy traffic disturbed the neighborhood.
②It’s disturbing to see him coming when I am at my worst.
③TV Ears help you listen to TV without disturbing others.
(2)If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早, 尽量不要打扰别人。
(3)I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.
这消息使我深感不安和沮丧。
2. thanks to 幸亏; 由于; 因为
*Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.
多亏了及时的帮助, 很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。
*Thanks to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled.
因为糟糕的天气, 比赛被取消了。
表示“因为; 由于”的短语还有:
owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident.
因为一件小事, 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。
(1)语法填空。
①Thanks to the technology, our life is more comfortable in many respects.
②He had to retire because of ill health.
③Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.
(2)Thanks to his advice, I won the first prize in the competition. 多亏他的建议, 我在比赛中获得了一等奖。
3. be satisfied with对……感到满意
*Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.
袁隆平对他的生活很满足。
* The old couple are satisfied to live in the countryside.
这对老年夫妇乐意住在乡下。
*To her satisfaction, they dealt with the matter soon.
令她满意的是, 他们很快就处理了此事。
*It’s satisfying to play a game really well.
一种游戏玩得特别好是一桩惬意的事。
(1)be satisfied to do. . . 对做……感到满意
(2)satisfy vt. 使……满意
satisfy one’s needs 满足某人的需要
(3)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
【知识延伸】
(1)satisfaction n. 满意
with satisfaction 满意地
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
(2)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
(2019·北京高考)Success means getting personal desires satisfied. 成功意味着满足个人的欲望。
(1)语法填空。
①None of these is particularly satisfying(satisfy).
②We are not satisfied with these results.
③To our satisfaction(satisfy), he got the first prize in the competition.
④We just can’t find enough good second-hand cars to satisfy(satisfy) demands.
(2)The teacher was satisfied with his test results and praised him. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Satisfied with his test results, the teacher praised him.
4. therefore adv. 因此; 所以; 因而
*I know you have shown great talent in designing robots. Therefore, you are the most suitable person.
我知道你在设计机器人方面很有天赋。因此你是最合适的人选。
*I was ill, and therefore could not come.
我病了, 所以不能来。
*It happened that he was a doctor, so the sick man was saved. 碰巧他是个医生, 因此这个病人得救了。
体会therefore与so的区别
therefore与so都表示“因此”。therefore为副词, 常需用“逗号”与句子隔开, 或常和and搭配连接句子; 而so为连词, 直接连接句子。
(1)选词填空(so/therefore)。
①Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant to others.
②I don’t like fish, so I would not eat it unless I was extremely hungry.
(2)I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party(因此不能去参加你的聚会了).
(3)The old lady is very nosy, so nobody likes to talk to her(所以没人喜欢和她说话).
5. export vt. &vi. 输出; 出口
*Yuan Longping has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
袁隆平还有一个梦想, 那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。
* The export industry will aid the economic recovery.
出口产业将促进经济复苏。
* Chinese Peking Opera has been exported around the world.
中国京剧已传播到世界各地。
*The report calls for a ban on the import of dangerous waste.
这篇报道呼吁禁止危险废弃物的进口。
(1)export n. 输出, 出口
pl. 输出品, 输出额
export sth. to. . . 把某物出口到……
exporter n. 出口商; 出口公司; 出口国
(2)import vt. 输入; 进口
n. 输入; 进口; 进口产品
import sth. from. . . 从……进口某物
【巧学助记】 语境记词
The country is a big exporter to export tea to foreign countries, but imports a lot of wheat from other countries.
这个国家是一个大的出口茶叶的出口国, 但是要从其他国家进口很多小麦。
(1)语法填空。
①Every year, India exports a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.
②These famous watches shown in the counter have been imported from Switzerland recently.
(2)We import raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.
译: 我们进口原材料和能源, 主要出口工业产品。
6. occupation n. 工作; 职业; 占领
*Fill the form and write down your name, address and occupation. 填上表格, 写下你的姓名、地址和职业。
*How much memory does the programme occupy?
这个程序占了多少内存?
*You need to find something to occupy yourself with when you retire.
退休后你得找点事让自己忙碌起来。
*The workers are occupied in building new houses.
建筑工人们正忙于建造新房子。
*She occupied herself with housework all day.
她一整天忙于做家务。
occupy v. 使用, 占用; 使忙于; 忙着
be occupied 房间、座位、床位等被占用; 被占有; 没有空
be occupied (in) doing/with sth. 忙于做某事
occupy oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 忙于做某事
【知识延伸】表示“忙于或专心于做某事”的表达法还有:
①忙于做某事
be busy(in)doing sth. /with sth.
be engaged in(doing)sth.
engage oneself in(doing)sth.
②专心于某事
focus/concentrate on, be absorbed in, devote oneself(heart and soul)to, apply oneself to, keep one’s mind on, put one’s heart into, fix one’s thought/mind on等。
用occupy的适当形式填空。
(1)He is a teacher by occupation, and his time is fully occupied with his students. He always thinks about his work, and how to teach the students well occupies his mind.
(2)同义句改写。
She occupied herself with routine office tasks and had no time to attend to her children.
①Occupying herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. (用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Occupied with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
7. hunger n. 饥饿; 欲望 vt. &vi. (使)饥饿
*In some parts of Africa, there are still some children dying of hunger. 在非洲的某些地区, 仍有一些儿童死于饥饿。
*He hungered to get that post. 他渴望得到那个岗位。
*Most actors have a hunger for/after success.
绝大多数演员都渴望成功。
die of hunger 死于饥饿
hunger to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a hunger for/after sth. ; hunger for/after sth.
渴望得到某物
hungry adj. 饥饿的; 渴望的
表达“渴望……”之意的短语还有: have a desire/thirst for, have an appetite for, be thirsty/eager for, long for, be anxious for等。
(1)语法填空。
A great number of people are going hungry and hundreds of children have died of hunger. (hungry)
(2)The little boy has a hunger for/hungers for/after progress in math.
这个小男孩渴望数学取得进步。
8. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的粮食。
【句式解构】
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中谓语动词makes后跟复合宾语, it为形式宾语, 不定式作真正的宾语, 形容词possible为宾语补足语。
(2)“make+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”的基本结构: make+it+宾语补足语(for sb. )+to do. . . / that. . .
*Nowadays convenient transport makes it possible for us to travel around the world in a short time.
现在便利的交通使我们在短时间内环游世界成为可能。
*(2019·江苏高考)The big brains make it harder for the body to move around. 大脑越大, 身体越难活动。
*She made it clear that she was against the plan.
她明确表示她反对该计划。
【知识延伸】
“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”中的6123结构:
•6指常用的动词: think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;
•1指形式宾语it;
•2指宾语补足语的两种形式: 形容词和名词;
•3指真正的宾语的三种形式: 不定式、动名词、宾语从句。I find it no use advising him to give up smoking.
我发现建议他戒烟是没有用处的。
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
(1)语法填空。
①The Internet makes it easier for people to keep in touch with others.
②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go (go)for a walk before breakfast.
(2)一句多译。
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
① Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively. (不定式作宾语)
② Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively. (从句作宾语)
9. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子, 农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
【句式解构】
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中分词“Using his hybrid rice”为方式状语。
(2)“twice as large as”为倍数的表达方式。
*This building is five times as high as that one.
这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。
*People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。
*The newly-broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
*The number of the students in our school is three times larger than theirs.
我们学校学生的人数是他们学校学生人数的三倍。
(1)语法填空。
①The red ruler is twice longer (long) than the yellow one.
②It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
(2)一句多译。
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
①This room is three times as big as that one.
②This room is three times bigger than that one.
③This room is three times the size of that one.
【拓视野·观天下】
1. Beijing has signed agreements to export high-speed train technology to a number of countries.
北京已同多个国家签署协议, 向其出口高速列车技术。
2. The e-commerce company has expanded further into fields such as mobile payments and cloud computing.
这家电子商务公司进一步扩展到移动支付和云计算等领域。
3. It is a struggle for Milan and Cortina Danpezzo to win the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
米兰和科尔蒂纳丹佩佐赢得2026年冬季奥运会和冬季残奥会的主办权是件很费力的事。
4. Other countries have launched about 10 X-ray satellites, but they have different advantages and therefore different observation focuses.
其他国家已经发射了大约10颗X射线卫星, 不过它们有着不同的优势, 因而有不同的观测重点。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. He was equipped (装备)with detailed knowledge and therefore (因此) was chased by major companies.
2. He struggled(拼搏) hard to get rid(摆脱) of the defeat.
3. Our foreign trade has expanded (扩大) during the last decade (十年). Every year, we export (出口) a lot of products to many different countries.
4. Affected by the epidemic, the output(产量) of the factory has dropped a lot, which is really disturbing(令人不安的).
5. His occupation(职业) is related to air pollution; as a result, he always reminds people of the importance of ensuring the fresh air through air circulation(循环).
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. It’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
2. If you are not satisfied with the judgment, you have the right of appeal.
3. Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
4. All cars must be equipped(equip)with parts to reduce emission.
5. The poor girl has been struggling with/against cancer for two years.
6. His company has expanded into a big one after ten years of hard work.
7. He was disturbed to learn (learn) that his child was ill.
8. —What is your nationality (nation)?
—Chinese. But now I live with my son’s family in the US.
9. She is old enough to have the freedom (free) to do what she likes.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. This river is twice as long as that one.
这条河是那条河的两倍长。
2. Is everybody feeling tired? If not, let’s carry on our conversation.
大家都累了吗?如果没有, 我们继续谈吧。
3. I made it clear to you that you should behave yourself at the party.
我明确向你表示过, 在聚会上你应该举止得体。
4. I often make some cakes so that the children can eat them when they are hungry.
我经常做一些蛋糕, 为的是孩子们饿的时候可以吃。
5. Arriving home, she showed me her large bright clean sitting room. 到家后, 她让我看了她宽敞明亮洁净的起居室。
Ⅳ. 课文短文改错
Yuan Longping, one of China’s most famous scientist and the Father of Super Hybrid Rice, has made great achievements in agriculture both home and abroad. In 1953 which Yuan Longping graduated from college, hunger was a disturbing problem in much parts of the countryside. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping struggled to find a new way to improve harvests without expand the area of the fields. Through many years’ hard work, Yuan Longping developed that was called “super hybrid rice” in 1973. He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to growing rice that has a high output. He has also circulated his knowledge to some other countries. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world with hunger. Yuan Longping is satisfied with his life but he would like to have more freedom to do their research. Although he is famous, but he wants to lead a simple life and has a dream to export his rice so that it can be grown around the world.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句scientist改为scientists。考查名词单复数。one of后跟名词的复数形式。
2. 【解析】第一句home之前加介词at。考查固定搭配。at home and abroad国内外。
3. 【解析】第二句which改为when。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句, 先行词为时间, 且从句中缺少时间状语。
4. 【解析】第二句much改为many。考查形容词。修饰复数parts, 应该用many。
5. 【解析】第三句expand改为expanding。考查介词。without为介词, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
6. 【解析】第四句that改为what。考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语。
7. 【解析】第五句growing改为grow。考查固定搭配。the first. . . to do sth. , 为固定结构。
8. 【解析】第七句with改为of。考查介词。rid. . . of. . . 使……摆脱……, 为固定搭配。
9. 【解析】第八句their改为his。考查形容词性物主代词。此处强调主语的研究。
10. 【解析】第九句去掉but。although与but不能连用。
课时素养评价
四 Unit 2 Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Dina, having struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
2. The small store eventually expanded into a supermarket.
3. I’ve looked up a lot of information about smoking and I’ve found out some disturbing (disturb)things.
4. We should equip our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.
5. Further measures will be taken to rid (rid) our streets of crime.
6. Knocked down by a bike, he was badly hurt and had to struggle to his feet.
7. It’s been decades (decade)since I graduated from college.
8. Getting rid of hunger (hungry) is very important in African countries, because too many people have starved to death.
9. Having rid the company of the heavy debts, the manager smiled with satisfaction (satisfy).
10. If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburnt (sunburn).
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空
1. Thanks to your inspiration, I am successful.
2. You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.
3. I am not satisfied with your work; you must improve it.
4. They have spent a lot of money equipping all the rooms with video cameras.
5. When you care about other people, they tend to think a lot of you.
6. You have to let us struggle for ourselves, even if we must die in the process.
7. I’m 18 years old and will graduate from Xinxing Foreign Studies School this July.
8. We searched for hours, but we couldn’t find my bike.
9. He cares for the students who have difficulty studying.
10. He is going to the friends’ home with the hope of borrowing more money from it.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. As is known to us, we live in what is called the information age.
众所周知, 我们生活在所谓的信息时代。
【知识拓展】牢记what和that引导名词性从句的区别
(1)that没有词义, 也不作任何成分, 当从句意义完整, 不缺任何成分时用that;
Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家认为, 人们可以通过只有需要时才购物这一方法来减少更多食物的浪费。
(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译), 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语, 定语等成分。
Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.
振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕去做的事情。
2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.
当他明确表示他将很快离职时, 我们都很惊讶。
3. He is always the first teacher to get to the office and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到达办公室, 最后一个离开的老师。
4. Our school is twice as large as theirs.
我们学校是他们(学校)的两倍大。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2020·北京高一检测)
A few weeks ago, I sat with a California farmer named Dave Ribeiro. I asked him what he wished to know about farmers. He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you. ”
Take Dave for example: He’s a young man with a music degree. And if you walked past him on the street, you’d never think, “There goes a farmer. ”
Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服). I can tell you, that does not represent Dave or any of the many other farmers I have gotten to know.
Not only do we have to throw out our previous impression of farmers, but farming as a whole doesn’t look much like it used to either. We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like, and they found farmers to be completely different from our usual ideas about them and also came across them in some unexpected places.
In a parking lot in a neighborhood of Brooklyn, they met a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms. In a Florida field under the flight path of an airport, they discovered farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars. And in a modern farm in California, they observed how farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.
These farmers all spend their days in very different ways—none of them looks like the previous farmer we have in our mind—but they’re all working on new ways to feed our planet. Not only do we need to change our idea of what farming looks like, but we also need to change our view of where solutions can come from. Feeding all of us is going to take all of us working together.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了现代农民采用高科技从事农业活动, 农民的形象已经不再是人们过去认为的样子了。
1. How does Dave describe today’s farmers?
A. They often walk on the street.
B. They are leading a very busy life.
C. They are similar to ordinary people.
D. They have little time to make friends.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句“He smiled and said, ‘That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you. ’”可知, Dave认为今天的农民和普通人一样。故选C。
2. How does the author think most people see farmers?
A. They usually wear overalls.
B. They have interesting hobbies.
C. They are skilled at growing crops.
D. They know modern farming practices.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls. ”可知, 在作者看来大多数人会认为农民常穿工作服。故选A。
3. What was the purpose of the team?
A. To deepen connections among farmers.
B. To study different technologies in farming.
C. To find the new developments of modern farming.
D. To encourage farmers to use new farming methods.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like”可知, 他们派出了一个小组来考察现代农业的面貌。故选C。
4. What do the farmers mentioned in Paragraph 5 have in common?
A. They all work in the city.
B. They all use high technology.
C. They all do hard physical work.
D. They all work with universities.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中“. . . a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city . . . farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals. ”可知, 这些农民的共同点在于他们都使用了高科技来从事现代农业工作。故选B。
B
The past 70 years have been good for corn production in the Midwestern United States, with yields increasing fivefold since the 1940s. Much of this improvement has been credited to advances in farming technology but researchers at Harvard University are asking if changes in climate and local temperature may be playing a bigger role than previously thought.
In a newspaper, researchers find that a prolonged(延长的) growing season due to increased temperatures, combined with the natural cooling effects of large fields of plants, have had a major contribution to improved corn production in the U. S. “Our research shows that improvements in crop yields depend, in part, on improvements in climate, ” said Peter Huybers, professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences. “In this case, changing temperatures have had a beneficial impact on agricultural production, but there is no guarantee that benefit will last as the climate continues to change.
Understanding the detailed relationships between climate and crop yields is important as we move towards feeding a growing population on a changing planet. ” The researchers modeled the relationship between temperature and crop yields from 1981 to 2017 across the so-called Corn Belt. They found that as temperatures increased due to global climate change, planting days got earlier and earlier, shifting by about three days per decade. Early planting means the corn has more time to mature before the end of the growing season.
There is also a second, more surprising trend that has benefited corn yields. Whereas the vast majority of temperatures have warmed over the last century, the hottest days during the Midwestern growing season have actually cooled.
The researchers estimate that more than one quarter of the increase in crop yields since 1981 can be attributed to the twin effects of a longer growing season and less exposure to high temperatures, suggesting that the crop yield is more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought.
The researchers also show that the planting and harvest dates farmers currently use are significantly better adapted to the present climate than it would be to climates in earlier decades.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了一项研究结果。在这种情况下, 不断变化的气温对农业生产产生了有益的影响, 但不能保证这种影响将随着气候的持续变化而持续下去。
5. What is previously thought to be the reason for the increase of corn production?
A. Local temperature change.
B. Advanced farming technology.
C. Climate change.
D. Production efficiency.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Much of this improvement has been credited to advances in farming technology. . . playing a bigger role than previously thought. ”可知, 以前认为玉米产量增加的原因是“先进的农业技术。”故选B。
6. Why is it important to understand the relationships between climate and crop yield?
A. The climate has a beneficial impact on agriculture.
B. We can change the climate to improve crop yield.
C. We depend on the climate to get food.
D. Crop yield relies less on the climate.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“Our research shows that improvements in crop yields depend, in part, on improvements in climate, ”可知, 之所以理解气候和作物产量之间的关系很重要, 是因为我们依靠气候获取食物。故选C。
7. How many factors that benefit corn yields are mentioned in the text?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In this case, changing temperatures have had a beneficial impact on agricultural production, but there is no guarantee that benefit will last as the climate continues to change. ”结合第四段“There is also a second, more surprising trend that has benefited corn yields. . . . growing season have actually cooled. ”可知, 文中提到了2个有利于玉米产量的因素。故选C。
8. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain a mystery.
B. To question a common sense.
C. To show a new trend.
D. To introduce a research result.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In a newspaper, researchers find that a prolonged. . . have had a major contribution to improved corn production in the U. S. ”可知, 这篇文章介绍了一项研究结果。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·大庆高一检测)
Fifty years ago on a hot July 4th afternoon, an agent showed us a house in the South Farmingdale—North Massapequa area. My husband and I liked the house. The price was 1 our reach. So we made our decision to buy it.
But there was one issue. It was a corner property (房产). We both agreed there had to be a 2 . So after moving in, my husband put up a fence and I painted it 3 .
There have been many 4 in our lives since that fence went up. Our four children have grown up and 5 . Most of the old 6 have been replaced with new ones. 7 , the fence remains, and at the moment, so do I.
The fence has been 8 more often than I can remember. Most times a broken board or two was 9 repaired. During the past ten years, it has been repainted professionally.
But more 10 , the white fence had turned green with mildew (霉菌). The boards were too old to paint. So this spring I had it rebuilt and repainted. Within a week, however, I was 11 to discover that a part of it was destroyed.
A post (桩) was 12 and some boards were left lying on the ground. I don’t know who or what did this. The fence is 13 a thing, not a life, but for the first time in the years I had spent on my corner, I felt defeated (被打败). I felt as if possibly there was a(n) 14 : Time to move on, stop trying. Defeat is not usually part of my make-up. This time it was.
As I was taking a photo of the damage for a police report, a young man 15 me from across the street. He 16 himself as a relatively new neighbor, and offered sympathy (同情) for the 17 . I appreciated meeting him, and also his 18 .
The next evening as I ate my dinner, I heard a 19 outside. When I walked into the yard, I realized the sounds came from my property. As I walked closer, I saw the neighbor I had just 20 repairing my fence.
There were still warm-hearted people who loved our community and reached out to a stranger in my time of need.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者刚搬家时搭建的栅栏现在已经没法维修了, 她只好搭建新的栅栏, 可不到一星期, 新的栅栏被破坏了; 作者有种被打败的感觉, 然而第二天晚上新搬来的邻居帮作者修好了栅栏。
1. A. below B. beyond C. within D. between
【解析】选C。根据下句“So we made our decision to buy it”可知, 房子价格在作者承受范围之内。故选C。
2. A. fence B. garden C. wall D. farm
【解析】选A。根据下句内容可知, 提到了作者丈夫搭建了一个栅栏。fence栅栏; garden花园; wall墙壁; farm农场。故选A。
3. A. red B. yellow C. white D. green
【解析】选C。由第五段中的“the white fence had turned green”可知, 栅栏原本是白色的。red红色的; yellow黄色的; white白色的; green绿色的。故选C。
4. A. decisions B. changes C. stories D. chances
【解析】选B。由下句“作者孩子长大成人并搬了出去”以及“the fence remains”可知, 他们生活有很多变化。decisions决定; changes变化; stories故事; chances机会。故选B。
5. A. moved out B. came back
C. settled down D. turned around
【解析】选A。根据常识可知, 孩子长大成人之后, 会搬出父母家。move out搬出去: come back回来; settle down定居; turn around转身。故选A。
6. A. friends B. classmates
C. neighbors D. workmates
【解析】选C。由“the fence remains”和“so do I”可知, 栅栏还在, 作者还在, 与之形成对比的是孩子长大离开了, 之前的邻居也搬离了这里。friends朋友; classmates同学; neighbors邻居; workmates工友。故选C。
7. A. Thus B. Therefore
C. Besides D. However
【解析】选D。由上文内容可知, 作者的孩子离开了, 邻居离开了, 但是栅栏还在, however表语义的转折。thus那么; therefore因此; besides除……之外; however然而。故选D。
8. A. replaced B. repaired
C. removed D. cleaned
【解析】选B。由下句“Most times a broken board or two was_______repaired. ”可知, 栅栏已经修过很多次了。replace代替; repair修理; remove移除; clean打扫。故选B。
9. A. hurriedly B. gradually C. suddenly D. easily
【解析】选D。由“a broken board or two”可知, 栅栏的破坏程度很小, 很容易修。hurriedly匆忙地; gradually渐渐地; suddenly突然地; easily容易地。故选D项。
10. A. recently B. importantly
C. secretly D. seriously
【解析】选A。But表转折, 此空与第四段中“During the past ten years”形成对照。recently最近地; importantly重要地; secretly秘密地; seriously严重地。故选A。
11. A. worried B. nervous C. shocked D. excited
【解析】选C。由上文内容可知, 作者刚重建了栅栏, 结果不到一星期, 栅栏就被破坏了, 作者看到被破坏的栅栏时应该是很震惊的。worried担忧的; nervous紧张的; shocked震惊的; excited兴奋的。故选C。
12. A. fixed B. found C. dropped D. broken
【解析】选D。由上一段最后一句可知, 部分栅栏被破坏, 所以此空用broken。故选D。
13. A. just B. still C. also D. ever
【解析】选A。由“not a life”可知, 栅栏只是一件东西, 不是生命。故选A。
14. A. order B. message C. note D. reply
【解析】选B。由“Time to move on, stop trying. ”可知, 此处用message, 这种破坏行为貌似传递了一条信息。order秩序; message信息; note通知; reply回答。故选B。
15. A. greeted B. passed
C. approached D. called
【解析】选C。由“from across the street”和“offered sympathy for”可知, 这个年轻人走近了作者。greet问候; pass路过; approach走近; call叫。故选C。
16. A. introduced B. expressed
C. regarded D. described
【解析】选A。由“a young man”和“a relatively new neighbor”可知, 作者不认识年轻人, 因此年轻人向作者介绍自己。introduce介绍; express表达; regard当作; describe描述。故选A。
17. A. cause B. mistake C. difficulty D. damage
【解析】选D。由倒数第三段中的“As I was taking a photo of the damage for a police report”中的“damage”可知, 年轻人是对栅栏的损失表示同情。cause原因; mistake错误; difficulty困难; damage损失。故选D。
18. A. promise B. idea
C. help D. understanding
【解析】选D。由上句可知, 年轻人对作者栅栏的损失表示了同情, 可以推断出作者很感激他的理解。promise承诺; idea想法; help帮助; understanding理解。故选D。
19. A. conversation B. noise
C. voice D. laugh
【解析】选B。由下句“I realized the sounds came from my property”和“I saw the neighbor I had just_______repairing my fence”可知, 年轻人在帮作者修栅栏, 修理东西肯定有噪音。conversation对话; noise 噪音; voice嗓音; laugh笑声。故选B。
20. A. noticed B. met
C. caught D. recognized
【解析】选B。由上文和“I saw the neighbor I had just”可知, 修栅栏的邻居是刚遇见的年轻人。notice注意; meet遇见; catch抓住; recognize认出。故选B。
Ⅲ. 阅读填句
(2020·泰安高一检测)
Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits. Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores(家庭杂务), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become. It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. 1
Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self.
2 It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.
3 If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails. It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive. 4 Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.
Additionally, fanning teaches patience. 5 Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.
There may not be any instant reward, but in the long-term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.
A. At the same time, they learn to work with others.
B. Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.
C. Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.
D. Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.
E. There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.
F. However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.
G. Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了农场生活对孩子有很多好处, 例如: 通过照顾动物, 孩子可以学会生活中别人往往比自己重要; 通过农场工作, 孩子可以学会合作精神和努力工作的价值; 通过赶牲口可以知道很多时候事情不会像我们想象的那样发展。
1. 【解析】选F。根据上句“It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. ”可知, 可能我们孩子将来长大后不会以务农为生, 但是, 他们在农场上学习的东西对他们未来的生活也有帮助, 此处farm是关键词, 故选F。
2. 【解析】选G。根据下句“It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner. ”可知, 这和我们是否喜欢或者我们是否生病以及劳累无关。重要的是我们要及时照顾那些照顾我们的动物, 所以在我们坐下来休息前, 动物需要喂食、喝水和照顾。此处上下文都谈论了照顾动物, care for和take care of是关键词, 故选G。
3. 【解析】选A。根据下文“It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. ”可知, 需要纪律和承诺来开始每天的工作, 看到这些付诸行动会给孩子一个良好的工作态度, 所以, 下文提到的工作态度就是选项里所陈述的与他人合作。故选A。
4. 【解析】选B。根据下句“Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life. ”可知, 作为一个富有成效的团队的一部分, 迟早会在各行各业中扮演重要角色, 所以, 努力的工作的价值就是: 你的努力迟早会在各行各业中扮演重要的角色。故选B。
5. 【解析】选E。根据下文内容“Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. ”可知, 牛很难控制; 当你抓马时, 马会跑掉; 山羊会踢翻那桶来之不易的牛奶; 公鸡会认为你靠它的母鸡太近而追着你跑。然而, 会有很多事情不像你想象那样去发展的日子, 所以, 下文是对选项的举例说明。故选E。
Unit 2 Working the land
Warming Up & Reading
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境选择正确的单词填空
struggle, hungry, disturbing, expand, battle, rid, freedom, therefore, equip, export
1. I couldn’t possibly get rid of this lovely old coat.
2. A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export.
3. They had to struggle against all kinds of difficulties.
4. She is too near-sighted, so we have to expand the size of the image.
5. He’s only 17 and therefore no power to vote or to be voted.
6. Disturbing news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.
7. We never defeated them on the field of battle.
8. The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
9. When a newborn is hungry, it learns to shout and cry.
10. He gave me his house, that’s to say, I was given the freedom of the whole house.
Ⅱ. 根据语境写出黑体部分的汉语意思
1. To rid oneself of bad habits and evil, and to pursue good thoughts and deeds. (戒掉; 摆脱)
2. Nowadays many teenagers would rather get advice from strangers online. (宁愿)
3. We’ve collected $50, 000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public. (幸亏)
4. They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals. (为……而斗争)
5. We all want to make a difference in this world. Whether it is big or small. (有影响)
6. I hope people I care about can have a wonderful life. (关心)
7. I did once dream of becoming the first woman to captain an ocean liner. (梦想)
8. He put a lot of money into the firm with the hope of profits in the future. (怀着……希望)
9. They searched for a spot where they could sit on the floor. (寻找)
Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分
1. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
在1973年, 他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
2. He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
他从梦中醒来, 希望能培育一种能养活更多人的水稻。
3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 使用他的杂交水稻, 农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
-dom 构成名词的后缀, 表示“状态或领域”
free→freedom 自由
king→ kingdom 王国
wise →wisdom 智慧
newspaper →newspaperdom 新闻界
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Why has Yuan Longping struggled for many years?
A. He wants to become one of the top scientists.
B. He wants to prove farmers can also become scientists.
C. He wants to do something for farmers.
D. He wants other countries to know him.
(2)The sentence “Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. ” in the last paragraph means that _______.
A. one should have dreams
B. one shouldn’t have dreams
C. one’s wishes are easy to realize
D. one wishes for things that cost nothing
(3)From the text, we can conclude that _______.
A. 60% of the rice grown in the world is from super hybrid rice
B. Yuan Longping made a great contribution to the world in solving the hunger problem
C. Yuan Longping leads a very comfortable life with his high income
D. Yuan Longping has the habit of having dreams when sleeping
(4)What kind of person is Yuan Longping?
A. He likes to live with the poor and is ready to help them.
B. He thinks much of himself but little of others.
C. He is strict with other scientists and the farmers.
D. He has his own dreams to help the people.
答案: (1)～(4) CABD
(5)What does the whole passage mainly talk about?
Yuan Longping’s achievements in farming.
2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 的确, 他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂, 以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯, 就跟其他千百万中国农民一样, 过去50年来, 他一直在努力帮助他们。
译文: 虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一, 袁隆平仍认为自己是一个农民, 因为他在田间耕作、进行科学研究。
根据文章内容完成表格。
Name
Yuan Longping
Born
In (1)1930
Appearance
His face and arms are (2)sunburnt. His body is (3)slim but (4)strong. All these make him look like a (5)farmer.
Achievements
·He succeeded in growing (6)super hybrid rice.
·He became the first agricultural (7)pioneer in the world to grow rice whose output is high.
·He helped the government highly increase the (8)output/harvest of grain.
(9)Personality
He cares little about (10)money and being famous.
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
What do you think would happen if there were suddenly no rice to eat tomorrow?
If that happened, people there would suffer from starvation. People would panic (惊慌) and the whole country would get into trouble.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)中国的农民过去一直受着饥饿的困扰。(be disturbed by)
(2)几十年来, 他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法, 但收效甚微。(decade, struggle, grain output)
(3)多亏了袁隆平的杂交水稻研究, 农民们的收成比以前多了一倍。这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。(thanks to, hybrid, twice as. . . as. . . , get rid of)
(4)大多数农民都说很满意现在的生活, 宁愿待在农村当农民。(be satisfied with, would rather)
Farmers in China used to be disturbed by hunger. For decades, they have been struggling to search for ways to increase the grain output, but without success. Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research on the hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before, which means 22% of the world’s population have got rid of hunger. Most of the farmers say they are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.
要点精研·探究学习
1. struggle vi. &n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力
*Yuan Longping has struggled for millions of Chinese farmers for the past five decades.
过去50年来, 袁隆平一直在努力帮助着数百万的中国农民。
*A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.
强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。
*She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.
她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。
*The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.
那位年轻人努力挣扎着站起来同抢劫犯作斗争。
struggle for 努力争取……; 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. 许多家庭都在努力维持生计。
Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
生命不息, 战斗不止。
(1)语法填空。
①Jennifer, having struggled (struggle) for weeks to find a job as a travel guide, finally turned out to be a salesgirl.
②In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard(hear).
(2)结合语境, 完成下面的小短文。
Farmers always have to struggle for a living. They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometowns and go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income.
农民一直都不得不为了生存而努力, 他们经常与恶劣的天气作斗争来争取有个好点的收成, 他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到大城市打工, 努力增加他们的收入。
2. expand vt. &vi. 使变大; 伸展*Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求一种增收稻谷的方法。
*The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.
那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇。
*The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.
村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。
*He did not expand greatly on his sunburnt skin.
他未就晒黑的皮肤多加解释。
*The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year. 这本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
expand. . . into. . . 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into. . . 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)某事
expansion n. 膨胀, 扩大
expand和extend的区别
前者指向四面八方的扩大, 扩张, 后者指向某一方向的延伸。
(1)语法填空。
①Could you expand on that point, please?
②Looking farther into the future, we plan to expand into Europe.
③He wants to expand his garden into the corner of the walls.
(2) A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion.
气体温度上升致使气体膨胀。
3. rid. . . of 使……摆脱或除去*Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究, 联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
*She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.
她在努力地摆脱对药品的依赖。
*You should get rid of the bad habits.
你应该改掉坏习惯。
*They work day and night in order to rid themselves of debt.
为了摆脱债务, 他们夜以继日地工作。
be rid of 摆脱
get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 去掉
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
在rid. . . of. . . 短语中, rid为动词, 后跟sb. 或some place作宾语, 指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。
【知识延伸】
accuse sb. of sth. 指责某人某事
cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的……病
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某物
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
(2020· 天津高考)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的静音机, 你可以在不打扰男孩或他父母的情况下消除声音。
(1)语法填空。
①The proposals are an attempt to rid the country of political corruption.
②The owner needs to get rid of the car for financial reasons.
(2)同义句改写。
Why couldn’t he rid himself of those thoughts and worries?
→Why couldn’t he get rid of those thoughts and worries?
4. would rather宁愿; 宁可
*He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的兴趣爱好上。
*I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.
我宁可考试不及格, 也不愿意作弊。
*I would rather have left a note on her desk.
我要是留张便条在她书桌上就好了。
(1)would rather not do 宁愿不做……
(3)would rather have done 本来想做……(而未实现)
would rather+从句
(1)语法填空。
①I’d rather (that) you hadn’t told (not tell) him about it that day.
②John wants to see me today. I would rather he came (come) tomorrow than today.
③I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.
(2)一句多译。
我宁可待在家里看书, 也不愿意和朋友们一起去游泳。
①I would rather stay at home reading than go swimming with my friends. (would rather do. . . than do. . . )
②I would stay at home reading rather than go swimming with my friends. (would do. . . rather than do. . . )
③I prefer to stay at home reading rather than go swimming with my friends. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. )
5. equip vt. & vi. 配备; 装备
*He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是, 他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。
*Most parents want to equip their children with a good education.
大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。
*Every classroom in this modern school is equipped with a new computer.
这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备一台新电脑。
*It’s a modern, well equipped hospital, and all its equipment is of high quality.
这是一个现代化的、装备精良的医院, 所有的设备都具有较高的质量。
(1)equip. . . with. . . 用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着……
be equipped for. . . 准备好……; 对……有准备
be well/poorly equipped 装备精良的/较差的
(2)equipment n. 装备; 设备(不可数名词)
equipment为不可数名词, 如: office equipment办公设备; sports equipment运动器材; a piece of equipment一件设备。
(1)语法填空。
①She was fully equipped for the climbing.
②Your education will equip you for your future life.
③They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
④A computer is the most important piece of equipment(equip) you will buy.
(2)句式升级。
They are equipped with new scientific farming methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
6. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?你种过植物吗?如果种过的话, 你是怎么培育它们的?如果没有种过的话, 你想要尝试种什么植物?
【句式解构】
(1)此处用了省略结构。If so 为省略句式, if为连词, so指代上文的内容。意为“如果是这样的话”。
(2)If not为If so的否定形式。
*Will you get a free evening next week? If so, let’s have a dinner.
下周你会有一个晚上的空吗?如果有, 让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
*Is everybody feeling cold? If not, let’s open the window.
大家感到冷吗?如果不, 让我们把窗户打开吧。
*If necessary, you can turn to me for help.
必要的话, 你可以向我求助。
if构成的其他省略结构
if necessary 如果有必要
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
用if构成的省略形式填空。
(1)I would prefer to go out for a picnic, if possible.
如果可能的话, 我更乐意外出野餐。
(2)I don’t have any ink. If any, I will lend you some.
我没有墨水了, 如果有的话, 我就借给你一些了。
(3)Students will learn two foreign languages, if necessary.
如果必要的话, 学生们要学习两门外语。
(4)We are told that he will come tonight, and if so, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If not, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow. 我们被告知他今晚会来。如果他来的话, 我们的会议将在明天举行; 如果他不来的话, 明天就不开会。
【要点拾遗】
1. disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的; 令人不安的
*At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
在那时, 饥饿在农村的许多地区是一个令人不安的问题。
*If you get up early, please don’t disturb your father.
如果你起床早, 请不要打扰你的父亲。
*He felt disturbed when he heard his mother was ill.
当他听说他母亲病了的时候, 他感到心神不安。
disturb v. 打扰; 干扰; 妨碍
disturbed adj. 精神紊乱的; 心神不安的
be disturbed about 对……感到心神不安
It disturbs sb. to do. . . 做……打扰某人/使某人不安
【巧学助记】
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news, that is, the news disturbed all of them.
他们都因这条令人不安的消息而都深感不安, 也就是说, 这条消息使他们都感到不安。
【易错辨析】
disturb
意为“干扰, 扰乱”, 侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序
interrupt
意为“打扰, 打断”, 侧重打断某个活动的进程, 使其不能进行下去
(1)用disturb的适当形式填空。
①Heavy traffic disturbed the neighborhood.
②It’s disturbing to see him coming when I am at my worst.
③TV Ears help you listen to TV without disturbing others.
(2)If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早, 尽量不要打扰别人。
(3)I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.
这消息使我深感不安和沮丧。
2. thanks to 幸亏; 由于; 因为
*Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.
多亏了及时的帮助, 很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。
*Thanks to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled.
因为糟糕的天气, 比赛被取消了。
表示“因为; 由于”的短语还有:
owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident.
因为一件小事, 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。
(1)语法填空。
①Thanks to the technology, our life is more comfortable in many respects.
②He had to retire because of ill health.
③Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.
(2)Thanks to his advice, I won the first prize in the competition. 多亏他的建议, 我在比赛中获得了一等奖。
3. be satisfied with对……感到满意
*Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.
袁隆平对他的生活很满足。
* The old couple are satisfied to live in the countryside.
这对老年夫妇乐意住在乡下。
*To her satisfaction, they dealt with the matter soon.
令她满意的是, 他们很快就处理了此事。
*It’s satisfying to play a game really well.
一种游戏玩得特别好是一桩惬意的事。
(1)be satisfied to do. . . 对做……感到满意
(2)satisfy vt. 使……满意
satisfy one’s needs 满足某人的需要
(3)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
【知识延伸】
(1)satisfaction n. 满意
with satisfaction 满意地
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
(2)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
(2019·北京高考)Success means getting personal desires satisfied. 成功意味着满足个人的欲望。
(1)语法填空。
①None of these is particularly satisfying(satisfy).
②We are not satisfied with these results.
③To our satisfaction(satisfy), he got the first prize in the competition.
④We just can’t find enough good second-hand cars to satisfy(satisfy) demands.
(2)The teacher was satisfied with his test results and praised him. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Satisfied with his test results, the teacher praised him.
4. therefore adv. 因此; 所以; 因而
*I know you have shown great talent in designing robots. Therefore, you are the most suitable person.
我知道你在设计机器人方面很有天赋。因此你是最合适的人选。
*I was ill, and therefore could not come.
我病了, 所以不能来。
*It happened that he was a doctor, so the sick man was saved. 碰巧他是个医生, 因此这个病人得救了。
体会therefore与so的区别
therefore与so都表示“因此”。therefore为副词, 常需用“逗号”与句子隔开, 或常和and搭配连接句子; 而so为连词, 直接连接句子。
(1)选词填空(so/therefore)。
①Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant to others.
②I don’t like fish, so I would not eat it unless I was extremely hungry.
(2)I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party(因此不能去参加你的聚会了).
(3)The old lady is very nosy, so nobody likes to talk to her(所以没人喜欢和她说话).
5. export vt. &vi. 输出; 出口
*Yuan Longping has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
袁隆平还有一个梦想, 那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。
* The export industry will aid the economic recovery.
出口产业将促进经济复苏。
* Chinese Peking Opera has been exported around the world.
中国京剧已传播到世界各地。
*The report calls for a ban on the import of dangerous waste.
这篇报道呼吁禁止危险废弃物的进口。
(1)export n. 输出, 出口
pl. 输出品, 输出额
export sth. to. . . 把某物出口到……
exporter n. 出口商; 出口公司; 出口国
(2)import vt. 输入; 进口
n. 输入; 进口; 进口产品
import sth. from. . . 从……进口某物
【巧学助记】 语境记词
The country is a big exporter to export tea to foreign countries, but imports a lot of wheat from other countries.
这个国家是一个大的出口茶叶的出口国, 但是要从其他国家进口很多小麦。
(1)语法填空。
①Every year, India exports a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.
②These famous watches shown in the counter have been imported from Switzerland recently.
(2)We import raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.
译: 我们进口原材料和能源, 主要出口工业产品。
6. occupation n. 工作; 职业; 占领
*Fill the form and write down your name, address and occupation. 填上表格, 写下你的姓名、地址和职业。
*How much memory does the programme occupy?
这个程序占了多少内存?
*You need to find something to occupy yourself with when you retire.
退休后你得找点事让自己忙碌起来。
*The workers are occupied in building new houses.
建筑工人们正忙于建造新房子。
*She occupied herself with housework all day.
她一整天忙于做家务。
occupy v. 使用, 占用; 使忙于; 忙着
be occupied 房间、座位、床位等被占用; 被占有; 没有空
be occupied (in) doing/with sth. 忙于做某事
occupy oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 忙于做某事
【知识延伸】表示“忙于或专心于做某事”的表达法还有:
①忙于做某事
be busy(in)doing sth. /with sth.
be engaged in(doing)sth.
engage oneself in(doing)sth.
②专心于某事
focus/concentrate on, be absorbed in, devote oneself(heart and soul)to, apply oneself to, keep one’s mind on, put one’s heart into, fix one’s thought/mind on等。
用occupy的适当形式填空。
(1)He is a teacher by occupation, and his time is fully occupied with his students. He always thinks about his work, and how to teach the students well occupies his mind.
(2)同义句改写。
She occupied herself with routine office tasks and had no time to attend to her children.
①Occupying herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. (用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Occupied with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
7. hunger n. 饥饿; 欲望 vt. &vi. (使)饥饿
*In some parts of Africa, there are still some children dying of hunger. 在非洲的某些地区, 仍有一些儿童死于饥饿。
*He hungered to get that post. 他渴望得到那个岗位。
*Most actors have a hunger for/after success.
绝大多数演员都渴望成功。
die of hunger 死于饥饿
hunger to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a hunger for/after sth. ; hunger for/after sth.
渴望得到某物
hungry adj. 饥饿的; 渴望的
表达“渴望……”之意的短语还有: have a desire/thirst for, have an appetite for, be thirsty/eager for, long for, be anxious for等。
(1)语法填空。
A great number of people are going hungry and hundreds of children have died of hunger. (hungry)
(2)The little boy has a hunger for/hungers for/after progress in math.
这个小男孩渴望数学取得进步。
8. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的粮食。
【句式解构】
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中谓语动词makes后跟复合宾语, it为形式宾语, 不定式作真正的宾语, 形容词possible为宾语补足语。
(2)“make+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”的基本结构: make+it+宾语补足语(for sb. )+to do. . . / that. . .
*Nowadays convenient transport makes it possible for us to travel around the world in a short time.
现在便利的交通使我们在短时间内环游世界成为可能。
*(2019·江苏高考)The big brains make it harder for the body to move around. 大脑越大, 身体越难活动。
*She made it clear that she was against the plan.
她明确表示她反对该计划。
【知识延伸】
“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”中的6123结构:
•6指常用的动词: think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;
•1指形式宾语it;
•2指宾语补足语的两种形式: 形容词和名词;
•3指真正的宾语的三种形式: 不定式、动名词、宾语从句。I find it no use advising him to give up smoking.
我发现建议他戒烟是没有用处的。
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
(1)语法填空。
①The Internet makes it easier for people to keep in touch with others.
②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go (go)for a walk before breakfast.
(2)一句多译。
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
① Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively. (不定式作宾语)
② Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively. (从句作宾语)
9. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子, 农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
【句式解构】
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。句中分词“Using his hybrid rice”为方式状语。
(2)“twice as large as”为倍数的表达方式。
*This building is five times as high as that one.
这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。
*People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。
*The newly-broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
*The number of the students in our school is three times larger than theirs.
我们学校学生的人数是他们学校学生人数的三倍。
(1)语法填空。
①The red ruler is twice longer (long) than the yellow one.
②It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
(2)一句多译。
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
①This room is three times as big as that one.
②This room is three times bigger than that one.
③This room is three times the size of that one.
【拓视野·观天下】
1. Beijing has signed agreements to export high-speed train technology to a number of countries.
北京已同多个国家签署协议, 向其出口高速列车技术。
2. The e-commerce company has expanded further into fields such as mobile payments and cloud computing.
这家电子商务公司进一步扩展到移动支付和云计算等领域。
3. It is a struggle for Milan and Cortina Danpezzo to win the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
米兰和科尔蒂纳丹佩佐赢得2026年冬季奥运会和冬季残奥会的主办权是件很费力的事。
4. Other countries have launched about 10 X-ray satellites, but they have different advantages and therefore different observation focuses.
其他国家已经发射了大约10颗X射线卫星, 不过它们有着不同的优势, 因而有不同的观测重点。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. He was equipped (装备)with detailed knowledge and therefore (因此) was chased by major companies.
2. He struggled(拼搏) hard to get rid(摆脱) of the defeat.
3. Our foreign trade has expanded (扩大) during the last decade (十年). Every year, we export (出口) a lot of products to many different countries.
4. Affected by the epidemic, the output(产量) of the factory has dropped a lot, which is really disturbing(令人不安的).
5. His occupation(职业) is related to air pollution; as a result, he always reminds people of the importance of ensuring the fresh air through air circulation(循环).
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. It’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
2. If you are not satisfied with the judgment, you have the right of appeal.
3. Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
4. All cars must be equipped(equip)with parts to reduce emission.
5. The poor girl has been struggling with/against cancer for two years.
6. His company has expanded into a big one after ten years of hard work.
7. He was disturbed to learn (learn) that his child was ill.
8. —What is your nationality (nation)?
—Chinese. But now I live with my son’s family in the US.
9. She is old enough to have the freedom (free) to do what she likes.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. This river is twice as long as that one.
这条河是那条河的两倍长。
2. Is everybody feeling tired? If not, let’s carry on our conversation.
大家都累了吗?如果没有, 我们继续谈吧。
3. I made it clear to you that you should behave yourself at the party.
我明确向你表示过, 在聚会上你应该举止得体。
4. I often make some cakes so that the children can eat them when they are hungry.
我经常做一些蛋糕, 为的是孩子们饿的时候可以吃。
5. Arriving home, she showed me her large bright clean sitting room. 到家后, 她让我看了她宽敞明亮洁净的起居室。
Ⅳ. 课文短文改错
Yuan Longping, one of China’s most famous scientist and the Father of Super Hybrid Rice, has made great achievements in agriculture both home and abroad. In 1953 which Yuan Longping graduated from college, hunger was a disturbing problem in much parts of the countryside. To solve the problem, Yuan Longping struggled to find a new way to improve harvests without expand the area of the fields. Through many years’ hard work, Yuan Longping developed that was called “super hybrid rice” in 1973. He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to growing rice that has a high output. He has also circulated his knowledge to some other countries. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world with hunger. Yuan Longping is satisfied with his life but he would like to have more freedom to do their research. Although he is famous, but he wants to lead a simple life and has a dream to export his rice so that it can be grown around the world.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句scientist改为scientists。考查名词单复数。one of后跟名词的复数形式。
2. 【解析】第一句home之前加介词at。考查固定搭配。at home and abroad国内外。
3. 【解析】第二句which改为when。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句, 先行词为时间, 且从句中缺少时间状语。
4. 【解析】第二句much改为many。考查形容词。修饰复数parts, 应该用many。
5. 【解析】第三句expand改为expanding。考查介词。without为介词, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
6. 【解析】第四句that改为what。考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语。
7. 【解析】第五句growing改为grow。考查固定搭配。the first. . . to do sth. , 为固定结构。
8. 【解析】第七句with改为of。考查介词。rid. . . of. . . 使……摆脱……, 为固定搭配。
9. 【解析】第八句their改为his。考查形容词性物主代词。此处强调主语的研究。
10. 【解析】第九句去掉but。although与but不能连用。
课时素养评价
四 Unit 2 Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Dina, having struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
2. The small store eventually expanded into a supermarket.
3. I’ve looked up a lot of information about smoking and I’ve found out some disturbing (disturb)things.
4. We should equip our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.
5. Further measures will be taken to rid (rid) our streets of crime.
6. Knocked down by a bike, he was badly hurt and had to struggle to his feet.
7. It’s been decades (decade)since I graduated from college.
8. Getting rid of hunger (hungry) is very important in African countries, because too many people have starved to death.
9. Having rid the company of the heavy debts, the manager smiled with satisfaction (satisfy).
10. If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburnt (sunburn).
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空
1. Thanks to your inspiration, I am successful.
2. You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.
3. I am not satisfied with your work; you must improve it.
4. They have spent a lot of money equipping all the rooms with video cameras.
5. When you care about other people, they tend to think a lot of you.
6. You have to let us struggle for ourselves, even if we must die in the process.
7. I’m 18 years old and will graduate from Xinxing Foreign Studies School this July.
8. We searched for hours, but we couldn’t find my bike.
9. He cares for the students who have difficulty studying.
10. He is going to the friends’ home with the hope of borrowing more money from it.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. As is known to us, we live in what is called the information age.
众所周知, 我们生活在所谓的信息时代。
【知识拓展】牢记what和that引导名词性从句的区别
(1)that没有词义, 也不作任何成分, 当从句意义完整, 不缺任何成分时用that;
Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家认为, 人们可以通过只有需要时才购物这一方法来减少更多食物的浪费。
(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译), 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语, 定语等成分。
Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.
振作起来。勇气就是去做你害怕去做的事情。
2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.
当他明确表示他将很快离职时, 我们都很惊讶。
3. He is always the first teacher to get to the office and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到达办公室, 最后一个离开的老师。
4. Our school is twice as large as theirs.
我们学校是他们(学校)的两倍大。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2020·北京高一检测)
A few weeks ago, I sat with a California farmer named Dave Ribeiro. I asked him what he wished to know about farmers. He smiled and said, “That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you. ”
Take Dave for example: He’s a young man with a music degree. And if you walked past him on the street, you’d never think, “There goes a farmer. ”
Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls(工作服). I can tell you, that does not represent Dave or any of the many other farmers I have gotten to know.
Not only do we have to throw out our previous impression of farmers, but farming as a whole doesn’t look much like it used to either. We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like, and they found farmers to be completely different from our usual ideas about them and also came across them in some unexpected places.
In a parking lot in a neighborhood of Brooklyn, they met a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city by growing them in high-tech indoor vertical(垂直的) farms. In a Florida field under the flight path of an airport, they discovered farmers with university degrees growing plants that might someday fuel our cars. And in a modern farm in California, they observed how farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals.
These farmers all spend their days in very different ways—none of them looks like the previous farmer we have in our mind—but they’re all working on new ways to feed our planet. Not only do we need to change our idea of what farming looks like, but we also need to change our view of where solutions can come from. Feeding all of us is going to take all of us working together.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了现代农民采用高科技从事农业活动, 农民的形象已经不再是人们过去认为的样子了。
1. How does Dave describe today’s farmers?
A. They often walk on the street.
B. They are leading a very busy life.
C. They are similar to ordinary people.
D. They have little time to make friends.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句“He smiled and said, ‘That we walk among you. We look like you and talk like you. We have advanced degrees and hobbies, just like you. ’”可知, Dave认为今天的农民和普通人一样。故选C。
2. How does the author think most people see farmers?
A. They usually wear overalls.
B. They have interesting hobbies.
C. They are skilled at growing crops.
D. They know modern farming practices.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“Is someone like Dave who you picture when you think of a farmer? Probably not. I think that most people would picture a man in his overalls. ”可知, 在作者看来大多数人会认为农民常穿工作服。故选A。
3. What was the purpose of the team?
A. To deepen connections among farmers.
B. To study different technologies in farming.
C. To find the new developments of modern farming.
D. To encourage farmers to use new farming methods.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“We recently sent a team out to see what modern farming looks like”可知, 他们派出了一个小组来考察现代农业的面貌。故选C。
4. What do the farmers mentioned in Paragraph 5 have in common?
A. They all work in the city.
B. They all use high technology.
C. They all do hard physical work.
D. They all work with universities.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中“. . . a new crop of young farmers who were trying to bring fresh greens closer to eaters in the city . . . farmers were using technology to take the best possible care of their animals. ”可知, 这些农民的共同点在于他们都使用了高科技来从事现代农业工作。故选B。
B
The past 70 years have been good for corn production in the Midwestern United States, with yields increasing fivefold since the 1940s. Much of this improvement has been credited to advances in farming technology but researchers at Harvard University are asking if changes in climate and local temperature may be playing a bigger role than previously thought.
In a newspaper, researchers find that a prolonged(延长的) growing season due to increased temperatures, combined with the natural cooling effects of large fields of plants, have had a major contribution to improved corn production in the U. S. “Our research shows that improvements in crop yields depend, in part, on improvements in climate, ” said Peter Huybers, professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences. “In this case, changing temperatures have had a beneficial impact on agricultural production, but there is no guarantee that benefit will last as the climate continues to change.
Understanding the detailed relationships between climate and crop yields is important as we move towards feeding a growing population on a changing planet. ” The researchers modeled the relationship between temperature and crop yields from 1981 to 2017 across the so-called Corn Belt. They found that as temperatures increased due to global climate change, planting days got earlier and earlier, shifting by about three days per decade. Early planting means the corn has more time to mature before the end of the growing season.
There is also a second, more surprising trend that has benefited corn yields. Whereas the vast majority of temperatures have warmed over the last century, the hottest days during the Midwestern growing season have actually cooled.
The researchers estimate that more than one quarter of the increase in crop yields since 1981 can be attributed to the twin effects of a longer growing season and less exposure to high temperatures, suggesting that the crop yield is more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought.
The researchers also show that the planting and harvest dates farmers currently use are significantly better adapted to the present climate than it would be to climates in earlier decades.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了一项研究结果。在这种情况下, 不断变化的气温对农业生产产生了有益的影响, 但不能保证这种影响将随着气候的持续变化而持续下去。
5. What is previously thought to be the reason for the increase of corn production?
A. Local temperature change.
B. Advanced farming technology.
C. Climate change.
D. Production efficiency.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Much of this improvement has been credited to advances in farming technology. . . playing a bigger role than previously thought. ”可知, 以前认为玉米产量增加的原因是“先进的农业技术。”故选B。
6. Why is it important to understand the relationships between climate and crop yield?
A. The climate has a beneficial impact on agriculture.
B. We can change the climate to improve crop yield.
C. We depend on the climate to get food.
D. Crop yield relies less on the climate.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“Our research shows that improvements in crop yields depend, in part, on improvements in climate, ”可知, 之所以理解气候和作物产量之间的关系很重要, 是因为我们依靠气候获取食物。故选C。
7. How many factors that benefit corn yields are mentioned in the text?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In this case, changing temperatures have had a beneficial impact on agricultural production, but there is no guarantee that benefit will last as the climate continues to change. ”结合第四段“There is also a second, more surprising trend that has benefited corn yields. . . . growing season have actually cooled. ”可知, 文中提到了2个有利于玉米产量的因素。故选C。
8. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain a mystery.
B. To question a common sense.
C. To show a new trend.
D. To introduce a research result.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In a newspaper, researchers find that a prolonged. . . have had a major contribution to improved corn production in the U. S. ”可知, 这篇文章介绍了一项研究结果。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·大庆高一检测)
Fifty years ago on a hot July 4th afternoon, an agent showed us a house in the South Farmingdale—North Massapequa area. My husband and I liked the house. The price was 1 our reach. So we made our decision to buy it.
But there was one issue. It was a corner property (房产). We both agreed there had to be a 2 . So after moving in, my husband put up a fence and I painted it 3 .
There have been many 4 in our lives since that fence went up. Our four children have grown up and 5 . Most of the old 6 have been replaced with new ones. 7 , the fence remains, and at the moment, so do I.
The fence has been 8 more often than I can remember. Most times a broken board or two was 9 repaired. During the past ten years, it has been repainted professionally.
But more 10 , the white fence had turned green with mildew (霉菌). The boards were too old to paint. So this spring I had it rebuilt and repainted. Within a week, however, I was 11 to discover that a part of it was destroyed.
A post (桩) was 12 and some boards were left lying on the ground. I don’t know who or what did this. The fence is 13 a thing, not a life, but for the first time in the years I had spent on my corner, I felt defeated (被打败). I felt as if possibly there was a(n) 14 : Time to move on, stop trying. Defeat is not usually part of my make-up. This time it was.
As I was taking a photo of the damage for a police report, a young man 15 me from across the street. He 16 himself as a relatively new neighbor, and offered sympathy (同情) for the 17 . I appreciated meeting him, and also his 18 .
The next evening as I ate my dinner, I heard a 19 outside. When I walked into the yard, I realized the sounds came from my property. As I walked closer, I saw the neighbor I had just 20 repairing my fence.
There were still warm-hearted people who loved our community and reached out to a stranger in my time of need.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者刚搬家时搭建的栅栏现在已经没法维修了, 她只好搭建新的栅栏, 可不到一星期, 新的栅栏被破坏了; 作者有种被打败的感觉, 然而第二天晚上新搬来的邻居帮作者修好了栅栏。
1. A. below B. beyond C. within D. between
【解析】选C。根据下句“So we made our decision to buy it”可知, 房子价格在作者承受范围之内。故选C。
2. A. fence B. garden C. wall D. farm
【解析】选A。根据下句内容可知, 提到了作者丈夫搭建了一个栅栏。fence栅栏; garden花园; wall墙壁; farm农场。故选A。
3. A. red B. yellow C. white D. green
【解析】选C。由第五段中的“the white fence had turned green”可知, 栅栏原本是白色的。red红色的; yellow黄色的; white白色的; green绿色的。故选C。
4. A. decisions B. changes C. stories D. chances
【解析】选B。由下句“作者孩子长大成人并搬了出去”以及“the fence remains”可知, 他们生活有很多变化。decisions决定; changes变化; stories故事; chances机会。故选B。
5. A. moved out B. came back
C. settled down D. turned around
【解析】选A。根据常识可知, 孩子长大成人之后, 会搬出父母家。move out搬出去: come back回来; settle down定居; turn around转身。故选A。
6. A. friends B. classmates
C. neighbors D. workmates
【解析】选C。由“the fence remains”和“so do I”可知, 栅栏还在, 作者还在, 与之形成对比的是孩子长大离开了, 之前的邻居也搬离了这里。friends朋友; classmates同学; neighbors邻居; workmates工友。故选C。
7. A. Thus B. Therefore
C. Besides D. However
【解析】选D。由上文内容可知, 作者的孩子离开了, 邻居离开了, 但是栅栏还在, however表语义的转折。thus那么; therefore因此; besides除……之外; however然而。故选D。
8. A. replaced B. repaired
C. removed D. cleaned
【解析】选B。由下句“Most times a broken board or two was_______repaired. ”可知, 栅栏已经修过很多次了。replace代替; repair修理; remove移除; clean打扫。故选B。
9. A. hurriedly B. gradually C. suddenly D. easily
【解析】选D。由“a broken board or two”可知, 栅栏的破坏程度很小, 很容易修。hurriedly匆忙地; gradually渐渐地; suddenly突然地; easily容易地。故选D项。
10. A. recently B. importantly
C. secretly D. seriously
【解析】选A。But表转折, 此空与第四段中“During the past ten years”形成对照。recently最近地; importantly重要地; secretly秘密地; seriously严重地。故选A。
11. A. worried B. nervous C. shocked D. excited
【解析】选C。由上文内容可知, 作者刚重建了栅栏, 结果不到一星期, 栅栏就被破坏了, 作者看到被破坏的栅栏时应该是很震惊的。worried担忧的; nervous紧张的; shocked震惊的; excited兴奋的。故选C。
12. A. fixed B. found C. dropped D. broken
【解析】选D。由上一段最后一句可知, 部分栅栏被破坏, 所以此空用broken。故选D。
13. A. just B. still C. also D. ever
【解析】选A。由“not a life”可知, 栅栏只是一件东西, 不是生命。故选A。
14. A. order B. message C. note D. reply
【解析】选B。由“Time to move on, stop trying. ”可知, 此处用message, 这种破坏行为貌似传递了一条信息。order秩序; message信息; note通知; reply回答。故选B。
15. A. greeted B. passed
C. approached D. called
【解析】选C。由“from across the street”和“offered sympathy for”可知, 这个年轻人走近了作者。greet问候; pass路过; approach走近; call叫。故选C。
16. A. introduced B. expressed
C. regarded D. described
【解析】选A。由“a young man”和“a relatively new neighbor”可知, 作者不认识年轻人, 因此年轻人向作者介绍自己。introduce介绍; express表达; regard当作; describe描述。故选A。
17. A. cause B. mistake C. difficulty D. damage
【解析】选D。由倒数第三段中的“As I was taking a photo of the damage for a police report”中的“damage”可知, 年轻人是对栅栏的损失表示同情。cause原因; mistake错误; difficulty困难; damage损失。故选D。
18. A. promise B. idea
C. help D. understanding
【解析】选D。由上句可知, 年轻人对作者栅栏的损失表示了同情, 可以推断出作者很感激他的理解。promise承诺; idea想法; help帮助; understanding理解。故选D。
19. A. conversation B. noise
C. voice D. laugh
【解析】选B。由下句“I realized the sounds came from my property”和“I saw the neighbor I had just_______repairing my fence”可知, 年轻人在帮作者修栅栏, 修理东西肯定有噪音。conversation对话; noise 噪音; voice嗓音; laugh笑声。故选B。
20. A. noticed B. met
C. caught D. recognized
【解析】选B。由上文和“I saw the neighbor I had just”可知, 修栅栏的邻居是刚遇见的年轻人。notice注意; meet遇见; catch抓住; recognize认出。故选B。
Ⅲ. 阅读填句
(2020·泰安高一检测)
Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits. Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores(家庭杂务), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become. It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. 1
Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self.
2 It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.
3 If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails. It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive. 4 Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.
Additionally, fanning teaches patience. 5 Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.
There may not be any instant reward, but in the long-term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.
A. At the same time, they learn to work with others.
B. Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.
C. Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.
D. Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.
E. There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.
F. However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.
G. Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了农场生活对孩子有很多好处, 例如: 通过照顾动物, 孩子可以学会生活中别人往往比自己重要; 通过农场工作, 孩子可以学会合作精神和努力工作的价值; 通过赶牲口可以知道很多时候事情不会像我们想象的那样发展。
1. 【解析】选F。根据上句“It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. ”可知, 可能我们孩子将来长大后不会以务农为生, 但是, 他们在农场上学习的东西对他们未来的生活也有帮助, 此处farm是关键词, 故选F。
2. 【解析】选G。根据下句“It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner. ”可知, 这和我们是否喜欢或者我们是否生病以及劳累无关。重要的是我们要及时照顾那些照顾我们的动物, 所以在我们坐下来休息前, 动物需要喂食、喝水和照顾。此处上下文都谈论了照顾动物, care for和take care of是关键词, 故选G。
3. 【解析】选A。根据下文“It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. ”可知, 需要纪律和承诺来开始每天的工作, 看到这些付诸行动会给孩子一个良好的工作态度, 所以, 下文提到的工作态度就是选项里所陈述的与他人合作。故选A。
4. 【解析】选B。根据下句“Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life. ”可知, 作为一个富有成效的团队的一部分, 迟早会在各行各业中扮演重要角色, 所以, 努力的工作的价值就是: 你的努力迟早会在各行各业中扮演重要的角色。故选B。
5. 【解析】选E。根据下文内容“Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. ”可知, 牛很难控制; 当你抓马时, 马会跑掉; 山羊会踢翻那桶来之不易的牛奶; 公鸡会认为你靠它的母鸡太近而追着你跑。然而, 会有很多事情不像你想象那样去发展的日子, 所以, 下文是对选项的举例说明。故选E。
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