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所属成套资源：2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）
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专题15 阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）
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这是一份专题15 阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用），文件包含专题15阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练江苏专用解析版docx、专题15阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练江苏专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共57页， 欢迎下载使用。
The fllwing sustainable agriculture technlgies are necessary.
Smart irrigatin
Crps need water—that’s needless t say. Hwever, hw they get water is anther stry.
With smart irrigatin technlgy, water can be put t gd use. New irrigatin systems with smart technlgy can reprt sil misture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technlgies help farmers prperly take care f crps in a mre efficient way. Fr example, mst crps have specific requirements fr temperature and misture. The new irrigatin systems can shw farmers whether they need t make changes fr their crps’ grwing envirnments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste f water.
Drnes
Drnes’ abilities get them a place n this list. They can d a lt and mst imprtantly, they can make the bring and tiring farm wrk much easier.
These devices have high-definitin cameras that take pictures and vides. Thrugh wireless cntrl, just at hme farmers can fly the drnes ver the fields and check n crps. If ne area f crps isn’t ding well, farmers can quickly recrd the details and then spray chemicals with the help f the drnes.
Data and sftware
Data is rich in this tech-driven wrld. Farming and data wrking tgether can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As cmputers gather infrmatin, they reprt it all back t a central system. S when farmers learn in which area crp health needs t imprve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) mre efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technlgies are helpful fr farmers t save csts, labr and energy. And they can cntribute t the final gal f agricultural sustainability—that is t imprve the envirnment. As these new technlgies cntinue t develp, we are sure t have a cleaner envirnment.
Sustainable agricultural technlgy is the future—and it will change the game.
1．Accrding t the passage, smart irrigatin can ________.
A．make full use f every drp f rain
B．decide crps’ grwing envirnment
C．help farmers water the crps when necessary
D．supprt the grwth and harvest f crps efficiently
2．Frm “Drnes” part, we can learn that ________.
A．drnes can help prvide water and fertilizer
B．drnes help farm wrk in a mre efficient way
C．farmers can fly in their drnes t check n crps
D．farmers can recrd the details abut their drnes
3．What is the final gal f agricultural sustainability?
A．T help us have a better envirnment.B．T make farmers wrk mre efficiently.
C．T raise the prductin f crps quickly.D．T reduce farmers’ bring and tiring wrk.
4．The passage is mainly t ________.
A．think highly f the agriculture department
B．make sustainable agriculture technlgies better
C．change farmers’ misunderstanding f agriculture technlgies
D．stress the imprtance f sustainable technlgies in agriculture
例2（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Being sad r in a lw md is a nrmal (正常的) part f life. Many peple feel dwn frm time t time. Fr example, when peple face challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty r majr changes, it’s cmmn t feel dwn. But in mst cases the bad feelings slwly disappear.
As fr depressin(抑郁症), hwever, the bad md lasts fr weeks, mnths, r even lnger because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO) nted, depressin is a md disrder. It shws in different ways, including lss f interest in nrmal activities and feelings f lw self-wrth. It ften lasts fr a lng time and greatly harms a persn’s ability at wrk r schl r in the daily life. Peple with depressin usually dn’t like t talk abut their prblems with thers. Mre seriusly, depressin may even lead t the act f killing neself.
“Depressin is nt just a but(一阵) f sadness r a sign f weakness, and yu can’t just simply stp feeling depressed.” said the health news website
But depressin is nt a persn’s prblem. It’s als mre cmmn than mst peple think. It is hurting abut 280 millin peple arund the wrld, accrding t WHO.
Thugh depressin is wrrying, we dn’t have t be afraid f it. Depressin can be treated by getting prfessinal(专业的) help, taking medicine r a mixed treatment f bth. In fact, when yu begin t feel the danger f depressin, yu can try t deal with it early by yurself. Listening t music, ding sme sprts and drawing sme pictures might help yu feel better. Anther useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a lw md, having a cnversatin with thers is f great help. Being hnest abut hw we feel des nt make us weak, it makes us human.
5．Wh is mst prbably experiencing depressin?
A．Lily, wh is ging t have an imprtant exam and hasn’t slept well fr 3 days.
B．May, wh dislikes her new schl and has cmplained t her parents 3 times.
C．Ben, wh thinks life wrthless and has cried alne ver 3 times a week in the past mnth.
D．Tm, wh finds subjects hard and has talked t his teacher abut it 3 times this week.
6．What des the writer think f depressin?
A．Nrmal and nthing serius.B．Uncmmn althugh harmful.
C．Unavidable and untreatable.D．Treatable althugh wrrying.
7．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．Knwledge f depressin.B．Ways f treating depressin.
C．Reasns fr depressin.D．Results f depressin.
例3（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）Ancient art desn’t have t be bring. Technlgy in the 21st century can help t bring it t life by cmbining(融合) the best f the ld and the new.
Alng the River During the Qingming Festival
Walking int the China Pavilin at Exp 2010 in Shanghai, peple were amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码的) painting. Scientists digitized(数码化) the famus painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festisal by Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.
The riginal(原先的) painting shws life during the Nrthern Sng perid and it includes many details f ancient Chinese custms, lifestyles and technlgy.
Farmers wrk in the fields, sailrs mve arund their bats and peple eat and d business in restaurants. Parts f the backgrund are als animated(做成动画). Yu can see the wind blwing thrugh the trees and acrss the water. These animatins perfectly cmbine mdern technlgy and ancient art.
Digital technlgy allws tday’s artists t express their ideas in ways that ancient artists wuld nt believe pssible. Techniques such as animatin and 3D digital prjectin(投影) make art cme alive.
Dunhuang Cave Paintings
Dunhuang Caves, which are prtected ancient treasures in the Gbi desert in Nrthwest China, are filled with paintings and sculptures with lasting value. This artwrk was created ver a perid f arund 1,000 years.
The gd news is fr art lvers wh cannt travel and fr the caves. Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital prjectin f the caves, which makes the artwrk cme alive. There is als a functin(功能) that lets viewers zm in and enjy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.
Digitising ancient art allws us t explre the ancient practices. It als makes the whle wrld understand the art while prtecting the riginal artwrks fr the future.
8．Frm the passage, we can knw that ________.
A．bth f the tw artwrks use 3D digital prjectin
B．ancient art allws peple t explre the mdern technlgy
C．peple can’t g t Dunhuang t enjy paintings and sculptures nw
D．the digital painting, Alng the River During the Qingming Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan
9．Which sentence may be the best t fill in the “________”?
A．In the digital painting, a lt f these details are animated.
B．In the digital painting, a lt f these scenes are well knwn.
C．In the digital painting, mre details f the art can be enjyed.
D．In the digital painting, many different styles f art can be seen.
10．The underlined phrase “zm in” means ________ in Chinese.
A．使(镜头)抬高B．使(镜头)拉近C．使(镜头)俯视D．使(镜头)远离
11．Frm the passage, we can infer(推断) that _________.
A．studying ancient art as much as pssible is very necessary
B．gd art must cmbine mdern technlgy and ancient art
C．prtecting the ancient artwrks is mre imprtant than develping technlgy
D．mre valuable ancient artwrks will be prtected better with technlgy in the future
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Enjying Ancient ArtB．Prtecting Mdern Technlgy
C．Digitising Ancient ArtD．Understanding Mdern Technlgy
例4（2022·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）All abard! Let’s take a ride n the wrld’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjy the jurney. Get ready fr the trip f a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Statin. The scenery alng the way is sme f the wildest in all f China. Keep yur eyes pen as we race thrugh this beautiful land. Yu might see a rare Tibetan antelpe（藏羚羊）frm yur windw.
Befre we begin ur jurney, let’s learn abut this amazing railway. It’s truly ne f the great engineering wnders f the 21st century. When it was cmpleted n July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine wrld recrds, including the wrld’s highest railway at 5,072 metres abve sea level, the wrld’s highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905 metres, and the lngest tunnel ever built n permafrst（冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Sn there will nly be 50 t 60 percent f the xygen which we are used t breathing. But dn’t be afraid. Each rail car has tw separate xygen systems. One system spreads xygen thrughut the train at all times. And each passenger can als get a persnal xygen mask just like thse used in planes.
Here are a few mre things t think abut as ur train leaves the statin. The designers slved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was n enugh xygen. Secnd, much f the railway runs acrss permafrst, a type f grund that keeps changing as the weather warms and cls. Finally, the railway ges thrugh sme f the mst sensitive eclgy（敏感的生态环境）in China. Great care was necessary t make sure f the smallest pssible influence n nature.
All three challenges were met, making ur trip pssible. All abard! The train t Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes.
13．Where are the passengers?
A．On a bus.B．On a train.C．On a ship.D．On a plane.
14．Hw des the text shw the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?
A．By telling a stry.B．By using a designer’s wrds.
C．By intrducing its wrld recrds.D．By cmparing the present with the past.
15．Hw many xygen systems are there in each rail car?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
16．Which f the fllwing increased the difficulty f building the railway?
A．The changing grund.B．The plluted air.
C．The dangerus animals.D．The ht weather.
例5（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
The Hrsetail Fall (瀑布) is ne f Ysemite Natinal Park’s mst amazing views. Arund the secnd week f February, the setting sun hits the Hrsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) t light the upper parts f the waterfall. And when cnditins are right, the Hrsetail Fall becmes range and red at sunset. It is like red-ht lava (熔岩) puring dwn frm the tp f the El Capitan. S, it gt the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match f the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears n dry, warm and cludless days. There must be enugh flwing water t make a firefall t. S there must be enugh snw n the muntain tp, and it turns int water n warm afternns.
The sun ges t the best place befre the fall in late February. And the best time t watch the fall is 5 t 15 minutes befre the sunset. Only at this time can visitrs see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place t watch, because it is clse t the fall and is perfect t set up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thusands f phtgraphers cme t watch the firefall. Althugh the view may appear just minutes befre sunset, many f them have t cme hurs earlier t get a right place t set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Ysemite Firefall is smething yu dn’t want t miss during the winter,” says Kate Mre, a traveller and the lead cntent creatr fr ParkedInParadise.cm.
17．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us ________.
A．hw the firefall gt its nameB．why it’s easy t see the firefall
C．wh was the first t find the firefallD．n which day we can visit the frefall
18．What can we knw abut the firefall?
A．It lasts fr half an hur befre the sunset.
B．It usually appears n wet, warm and cludy days.
C．Rivers prvide enugh flwing water t make a fall.
D．Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
19．Frm the wrds f Kate Mre, we can infer that ________.
A．the firefall is wrth seeingB．it’s dangerus t watch the firefall
C．the firefall brings little surpriseD．it’s a waste f time t visit the firefall
20．What’s the theme f the passage?
A．Art.B．Nature.C．Technlgy.D．Histry.
例6（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）
Can yu imagine a wrld withut insects? Withut ants r flies in yur huse, it might sund great. Hwever, the results may be ut f imaginatin.
The number f insects has drpped by half in the past few years, accrding t a British bilgist Dave Culsn. Yu may think small insects are nt imprtant. But in fact they are the main part f the species(物种)n Earth.
Insects are indeed n the way t extinctin, accrding t the first review f insect ppulatin. The researchers say the main reasn fr this is the use f pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destry insects’ living areas. Als, weather change is anther imprtant cause.
“Unless we change ur ways f prducing fd, insects will g dwn the way t extinctin in a few years,” the researchers wrte in the review. “This will have huge influences n the planet’s ecsystem(生态系统).”
We need insects t pllinate(授粉)crps. They als break dwn(分解)dead plants and animals, which can keep the sil healthy. Withut insects, many animals wuld have nthing t eat and die f hunger. Then, the ecsystem wuld be ff balance.
“If the number f insect species keep drpping, this will have bad influences n bth Earth’s ecsystem and the survival f us humans,” said ne f the writers f the review.
“The first step t stp this is t let mre peple understand the values f the natural wrld,” he suggests. “The best place t start is frm ur children, wh shuld realize envirnmental prtectin frm an early age.”
21．The underlined wrd “extinctin” means “________”.
A．pllutinB．deathC．harmD．prtectin
22．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ________.
A．the reasn fr prducing fdB．the prblem f animals and plants
C．the way t keep sil healthyD．the imprtance f insects
23．Frm the passage, we can knw ________.
A．insects may destry the balance f the ecsystem
B．ants and flies are the main part f the species n Earth
C．humans’ actins influence the number f insects
D．weather change has little influence n insects
例7（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）
As Xing Chuanfa, 34, blew a lifelike puppy ut f mlten maltse(溶化的麦芽糖) in just minutes, kids lked carefully at him with great surprise, thinking he was a magician.
Xing Chuanfa has been wrking n blwing sugar figurines, a Chinese traditinal flk art with a histry f ver 600 years, fr mre than twenty years.
In this special art frm, the artist heats the syrup(糖浆) t a certain temperature, pulls ff a small amunt, makes it int a ball with an pen center, presses the pen area tgether and stretches it t frm a tube. Then he blws air int the tube and makes it int different shapes. The traditinal flk art has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).
Every mrning, Xing prepares the mlten syrup and drives t start his “magic shw” arund his city. “Many peple, particularly kids, are attracted by this sugar art. After all, the ancient art is gradually disappearing,” Xing said. Simn, frm Australia, was attracted by a sugar Bing Dwen Dwen, the masct f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, in Xing’s stall. Simn culdn’t resist trying t make ne himself. Hwever, he culdn’t get the wanted shape thugh he tried several times. “It lks simple, but actually it’s very difficult t master the skill,” he said. Thanks t Xing’s helping hand, Siunn finally saw a hrse gradually taking shape. “Can’t believe I’ve dne this,” he said, expressing his excitement at hw a pt f sugar syrup has been turned int smething “truly amazing”.
Xing said that blwing sugar figurines can date back t the Ming Dynasty and that his family has passed dwn this art fr fur generatins. “My 6-year-ld sn ften blws up a balln-like sugar figure, just like I used t d as a child,” he said. Xing’s wife Wang Li is an artist f the sugar painting, which is a frm f traditinal Chinese flk art that uses ht, liquid sugar t make 2-D bjects.
“Nne f the cultural heritage left by ur ancestrs shuld be lst. They are name cards f the splendid Chinese culture and shuld be spread arund the wrld,” Xing said. The cuple ften shw their skills beside clleges t draw yungsters clser t the traditinal art and allw them t experience its charm. “Sugar paintings and sugar figurines are childhd memries f several generatins f Chinese peple. We try t cmbine paper-cutting skills and mdern elements(元素) with sugar figurines, making them similar t mdern trend(趋势) while keeping a balance between beauty and taste. We will spend the rest f ur lives helping pass n this intangible heritage,” Xing said.
Many peple were deeply mved after learning abut the family’s stry.
24．What is the crrect rder f making sugar figurines?
a. Making it int a sugar ball. b. Stretching it t make a tube.
c. Pulling ff sme heated syrup. d. Blwing air t make wanted shapes.
A．c-a-b-dB．c-b-a-dC．b-a-c-dD．b-c-a-d
25．The underlined wrd “resist” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．be praised byB．stp neself frm
C．be attracted byD．remind neself f
26．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the article?
A．Xing’s sn blws up a hrse with his father’s help.
B．Xing’s wife is als gd at making sugar figurines.
C．Xing tries t add mdern elements t sugar figurines.
D．The Xings visit clleges t teach students their skills.
27．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．A Chinese artist n tasty flk artB．A new mdern trend
C．A balance between beauty and tasteD．Tasty sugar figurines
阅读理解之说明文
一、文章特点
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。
二、出题特点
1. 细节理解题；2. 生词词义判断题；3. 标题判断题；4. 主旨大意题；5. 文章结构题；6. 观点态度题。
三、阅读方法
阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
1. 明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
2. 逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。
3. 整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。
四、解题技巧
1. 阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。
2. 审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
【变式1】 （2022·江苏泰州·校考三模）Clse yur eyes and picture a scientist. Des an image f a man shw up in yur mind?
It is hard t ignre that even in the 21st century, the “scientist equals male” steretype(成见) is still there. In the science wrld, wmen’s vices are ften unheard.
Accrding t UNESCO, nly 35 percent f glbal STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) students in higher educatin are wmen. In pursuing science and technlgy careers, wmen are mre likely t be treated unfairly because f their mtherhd and skin clr, nted Teen Vgue.
In Nvember, at the 4th Wrld Laureates Frum(世界顶尖科学家论坛) held in Shanghai, sme f the wrld’s tp female scientists annunced an initiative(倡议), encuraging institutins arund the wrld t prmte gender equality(性别平等) in STEM areas.
“Rle mdels f wmen scientists need t be better represented n imprtant internatinal stages and allw their vices t be heard as a way t encurage yuths,” Lenre Blum, a female scientist frm the US, said at the frum.
In December, Talk With Lu Jian, a Chinese TV shw, launched a series f prgrams under the title f She Pwer in Tech. The shw interviewed Chinese female scientists, including geneticist(遗传学家) Fu Qiamei at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, Lü Zhi, a prfessr f life sciences at Peking University, and Rng Yi, a chief designer f the Lng March 2F rcket.
“These female scientists share a strng passin fr science,” said Lu Jian, the TV shw’s hst. “They are making a pathway(通道) fr the next wmen scientists.”
Actins shuld als be taken t create a better envirnment fr wmen wrking in the field f science and technlgy, nted Science and Technlgy Daily. Fr example, they shuld be given mre resurces, jin in decisin-making and gain supprt fr their research during maternity(生育).
28．Accrding t UNESCO, the number f wmen wh study STEM is ________ the number f men.
A．equal tB．far mre thanC．much less thanD．clse t
29．Lenre Blum thinks that ________.
A．mre female scientists shuld find different jbsB．wmen scientists are gd rle mdels
C．scientists shuld be knwn by mre pepleD．wmen are gd at studying science
30．She Pwer in Tech is a prgram that ________.
A．shares stries f wmen scientistsB．teaches basic scientific knwledge
C．picks up future wmen scientistsD．spreads the latest scientific develpments
31．What prblems are female scientists facing nw?
a. Having fewer resurces than male scientists. b. Bearing n hardships cmpared with males.
c. Lacking pprtunities t make decisins. d. Being unable t wrk while having a baby.
A．abcB．abdC．acdD．bcd
【变式2】（2022·江苏淮安·校考二模）The whle year’s wrk depends n a gd start in spring, as the ld saying ges. April is an imprtant perid fr spring plwing. And being a farmer is a lt f wrk. Luckily, smart technlgy is helpful in farming. Drnes（无人机）, apps, driverless tractrs（无人驾驶拖拉机）—hw are these technlgies changing ne f the wrld’s ldest jbs? Let’s take a lk.
Drnes
Yu may think drnes are nly fr shting（拍摄）vides. These eyes in the sky are als used by farmers t watch crps, find pests（害虫）and make sure that water is used efficiently.
Drnes can als help humans d physical wrk. In Xinjiang, fr example,ver 5,000 drnes farm 1.3 millin hectares（公顷）f land, accrding t Glbal Times. Pwered by China’s Bei Du Navigatin Satellite System, the drnes can spread seeds, fertilizer（化肥）and pesticides（农药）faster and better than humans.
Driverless tractrs
Driverless transprt is still being develped. This technlgy can help farms plant and harvest. Driverless tractrs can wrk in fields arund the clck, withut stpping.
Smart Ag is a US cmpany that prduces driverless tractrs. The tractrs have sensrs（传感器）, radar and GPS. Pulling a crp cart, the tractr can autmatically（自动地）receive crps frm a cmbine（收割机）and then send the cart t be unladed（卸货）. Accrding t technlgy fficer Mark Barglf, “It is able t ntice bjects and wn’t run ver peple r run int ther equipment（设备）”.
The irrigatin app
One f the mst imprtant jbs fr farmers is t make sure that plants get water. A new smartphne app called Smart Irrigatin can help.
Develped by an agricultural scientist at the University f Gergia, US, the app uses GPS technlgy t tell farmers when t water their crps. It cnnects t the clsest weather statin t learn abut lcal rainfall, and it estimates（估计）hw much water the plants need each day. It’s nt just fr farmers: peple can use it t decide when t water their lawns.
32．What can we learn abut driverless tractrs?
A．Driverless tractrs are prduced by a British cmpany.
B．Driverless tractrs can’t avid bumping int ther equipment.
C．Driverless tractrs use a cmbine t receive and unlad crps.
D．Driverless tractrs may help farmers mre in the future.
33．What des the underlined phrase “arund the clck” mean?
A．Under the cntrl f a clck.B．Within a limited time.
C．Next t a clck.D．Thrugh the day.
34．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The whle year’s week depends n a gd start in spring.B．Mdern technlgies imprve farming.
C．Farming is develping quickly.D．Technlgies prduce changes.
【变式3】（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）It’s always easier t say “Yes” because mst f us want t please ther peple. Smebdy asks yu t g fr a party but yu have tests the next day, r t help them althugh yu are busy at the mment, r t jin the activities yu have n interest at all! Even thugh yur heart is crying NO, yu find the wrd “Yes” cme ut f yur muth. Hwever, it usually results in anger—nt nly fr the persn wh asked yu, but als fr yurself fr nt being strng enugh.
Lisa Messenger, the Cllective Hub CEO, said in her first few years f business, many peple asked her t talk ver a cffee. Actually, she usually ended up having 20 cffee meetings a week and that stpped her frm ding business because she didn’t have time t d her wn wrk.
Messenger finally learned t refuse like “N, I’m srry, but I dn’t have time.” She believes if yu say “Yes”, yu will regret later. Or yur heart will be filled with guilt (内疚), fear r anger because yu feel bad fr agreeing t d smething yu never want t. S yu need t be brave enugh t say “N” when yu’re asked at first.
Janine Garner, CEO f The LBD Grup, believed we need t get very clear abut ur gals. Unless we wrk twards ur gals, nbdy else will care abut ur time. Gamer said, “We may end up saying ‘Yes’ because we feel srry fr smebdy wh needs us. But we end up having that awful feeling in ur heart. Yu can nly achieve the best f yu by stpping ding the things that take up yur time and dn’t add anything twards yur gals. Take a gd lk at the time spent n thers, that yu really shuld spend n yurself.”
35．What des “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．The feeling after saying “Yes”.B．The feeling after saying “N”.
C．The persn wh asked yu.D．The activity yu have n interest.
36．We can learn frm the passage that Messenger ________.
A．likes drinking cffee in her wrk timeB．never agrees t help her wrkmates
C．learns hw t refuse thers plitelyD．feels angry when she can’t help thers
37．What’s the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【变式4】（2022·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）Technlgy has dne ur wrld wnders: frm develpment in medicine, travel, cmmunicatin, and hw we cmmunicate with ne anther and urselves. Hwever, by cmpletely welcming technlgy as a part f everyday life.
Technlgy presents a new platfrm fr creativity t exist (存在) n. Thrugh technlgy, ideas can be set free and cme t life in the physical wrld．We have the necessary tls fr greater pssibilities and new slutins. Fr example, film advertisements, scial media r radi.
Hwever, when we lk mre clsely, it’s easy t ntice sme disadvantages. Fr example (自动计算) nwadays, rather than taking the time t wrk it ut fr urselves. Anther bvius situatin is that a lt f peple are spending t much time n screens. As a result, is there a way t find a balance between technlgy and human creativity? I think s. It is simply a matter f making sure that creativity is nt deterred by technlgy. The first way is t reduce ur usage f digital devices (数字设备) by setting limits n when, where, turning ff the ntificatins (通知) n yur phne, yu will feel surprised hw little yu think abut yur phne.
Anther wnderful way is t take daily walks in the nature. It can help yu reset, rebalance, and keep ging in the lng run health. We can als develp ur creativity by ding yga, keeping a jurnal.
The key t the survival (生存) f ur creativity starts with us. Will yu put yur phne away when spending time with friends? Will yu try t find happiness and purpse utside f a screen? The actins yu chse t take will help change the relatinship between creativity and technlgy fr the better.
38．Why des the writer talk abut businesses in Paragraph 2?
A．T stress the imprtance f creativity.
B．T suggest gd ways t develp technlgy.
C．T shw the effect that technlgy has n creativity.
D．T explain the relatinship between business and creativity.
39．The wrd “deterred” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．examinedB．cntrlledC．replacedD．prevented
40．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．limiting the usage f ur phnes can help us develp creativity
B．spending time n screens is the easiest way t keep peple happy
C．turning ff the ntificatins n the phne will make peple wrried
D．a daily walk des mre gd t physical health than t mental health
41．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Technlgy: Hw Des It Help Develp Creativity?
B．Creativity in a Wrld f Technlgy: Des It Exist?
C．Technlgy and Creativity: Which Is Mre Imprtant?
D．Technlgy and Creativity: Hw D They Influence Each Other?
【变式5】（2022·江苏南京·校联考二模）
All ver the wrld, peple find giraffes amazing. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the wrld. Its legs and tail are taller than mst peple. Its tngue is very lng, 18 inches. The frnt part f its tngue is an unusual clr, black. Unlike mst ther large animals, giraffes d nt threaten (威胁) peple. Yet t many scientists the mst amazing thing abut this gentle giant is its heart.
T understand hw amazing the giraffe’s heart is, put yur head lwer than yur heart. Keep it there fr a few minutes. Then lift yur head up very quickly. D yu feel dizzy? This is the effect f a change in bld pressure. The heart has t quickly pump bld t yur brain t stp yu frm feeling dizzy r frm fainting.
When a giraffe lifts its head up frm the grund, it has t lift its 250-kil neck mre than 15 feet in the air. Hw can it d this withut fainting? The giraffe’s heart is really large. It is almst tw feet lng and weighs abut 10 kils. It can pump 60 liters f bld in a minute. The large artery (动脉) that carries bld frm the heart up the lng neck f the giraffe is als unusual because it has a muscle in it. This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s bld pressure.
In 1988, a writer, Michael Allin, learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille, a city in the suth f France, in 1826. It was a gift t the king f France Charles X. He decided t g t Ethipia, in East Africa, where the giraffe was brn. He traveled t Egypt n the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came t Egypt where he discvered the reasn fr the gift. Muhammad Ali, an imprtant Egyptian leader, did nt want the French t enter a war. He sent the giraffe t King Charles X.
Hwever, it was difficult t transprt a giraffe in 1826. It traveled frm Egypt t France n a ship. The giraffe was s tall that it culdn’t fit in the lwer deck f the ship. This was quite a prblem until smene decided t cut a hle in the tp deck f the ship. The giraffe’s legs were belw, and its lng neck came up thrugh the hle.
N ne knew hw t get such a large animal frm Marseille t Paris, s the giraffe had t walk the 880 kilmeters. All alng the way, peple came t watch the gentle giant. Six weeks after it left Marseille, the giraffe finally arrived in Paris, where 100,000 peple came t see this amazing creature. Tday, we still lk at the giraffe in amazement. There is n ther animal like it n earth.
42．What is unusual abut the artery in a giraffe’s neck?
A．It has a muscle in it.B．It has an unusual clur.
C．It weighs 10 kils.D．It carries bld t the legs.
43．The writer explains hw amazing the giraffe’s heart is in Paragraph 3 mainly by ________.
A．telling striesB．shwing steps
C．giving numbersD．expressing pinins
44．Muhammad Ali gave the giraffe t ________.
A．the French pepleB．the Egyptian leader
C．the French writerD．the king f France
45．What did they d t transprt the giraffe by ship?
A．They cut a hle in the deck.B．They added a taller deck t the ship.
C．They built anther new ship.D．They cut the taller deck ff the ship.
46．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．The gentle giant frm AfricaB．The special heart f the giant
C．The amazing jurney t FranceD．The ppular writer frm France
【变式6】（2022·江苏无锡·校考一模）Why nt write in a freign language? If peple feel free t chse their prfessin, their religin, and even their sex, why nt just decide which language yu want t write? Ever since Jhumpa published In Other Wrds in Italian, peple have been asking me, “Why dn’t yu write in Italian, Tim? After all, yu’ve been in the cuntry 35 years. What keeps yu tied t English?” Is it just a questin f ecnmic(经济的) cnvenience?
Certainly ecnmics can be imprtant. It was the factr that pushed Cnrad t abandn his Plish mther tngue. If it is nt pssible t publish at hme, r t publish there as ne wuld wish t publish, then ne is likely t g elsewhere. And if t publish elsewhere ne has t change language, then sme authrs are willing t take that step.
Smething f the same lgic has driven many writers frm Africa, Asia t write in French and English in recent years. There is als the fact that peple in Eurpe and the West are interested in the cuntries they grew up in. Just as in the nineteenth century, nvelists like Thmas Hardy culd “sell” their familiarity with peasant life t a middle-class metrplitan(大都市的) public, s these writers have interested us with stries that might seem cmmn in their hme cuntries.
There is als a real internatinalism in the decisin t change language. If yu have “a message” and if English is the language that ffers maximum spread, then it wuld seem apprpriate t use it.
All these make sense. Critics(评论家) tend t pay attentin nly t thse wh have made a success f writing in a new language. In April 2014, a New Yrk Times article essentially listed yung literary stars wh had switched（改变）t writing in the main Western languages. At this pint, the native English speaker almst begins t feel at a disadvantage fr having been brn int the dminant culture. Shuld we perhaps head fr Paris, like Beckett r Jnathan Littell, just t be between tw wrlds? Or lk fr smething mre extic(异国的) and have urselves translated back int English afterward? Hwever, ne fact is that changing languages desn’t always wrk.
I did write a nvel in Italian. But after rereading it, I decided against it. My wrk lst pwer with the switch f language. My real subject matter still had t d with England and it was t my hme culture that my bks were addressed. The secnd language never seems t mean quite as much as the first. In any event, after my early experiment, I never went back t write in Italian. Changing language is nt the nly way t bring energy t yur writing.
47．The authr writes the first paragraph t ________.
A．intrduce the tpic f this passageB．prvide backgrund infrmatin
C．stress the imprtance f EnglishD．explain why he writes in English
48．Why are sme writers willing t write in a freign language?
A．They have published a lt f wrks at hme.
B．Their wrks are uncmmn in their wn cuntries.
C．A new language may ffer a wider readership.
D．They want t be accepted by middle class.
49．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Native English writers are at a disadvantage fr writing in English.
B．Writers can’t be entirely separated frm their wn culture and language.
C．Writers shuld write in a freign language t draw critics’ attentin.
D．Any writer can succeed with the switch f a new language.
50．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Write in a freign languageB．Publish at hme
C．Ecnmy decides everythingD．Write bks in Italian
【变式7】（2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模）Art is a pwerful tl fr telling a scientific (科学的) stry. Many scientific fields study the strangest f the animal kingdm, like animals with a lt f eyes and bdies s different frm ur wn. Art can help us experience these hard-t-imagine parts f the natural wrld and light new scientific discveries.
Alia Payne, an art prfessr, came t the Natinal Museum f Natural Histry t wrk with the live jellyfish (水母) cllectins. She always gt the same questin frm visitrs. “Hw d jellyfish stings (蜇刺) wrk?” She had the scientific answer but fund it difficult t explain withut a clear sight. An idea went thrugh her mind. She built a 3D mdel f ne f the stinging cells that visitrs culd tuch. “I have always lved art fr educatin.” said Payne. “We learn mre easily when we have smething t play with.”
While art helps peple experience science. It als helps scientists understand the natural wrld. Dr Osbrn, a zlgist at the museum, studies the surprising sea animals f the cean’s largest habitat (栖息地)—the midwater. Midwater sea animals have special features t survive in their habitat, and Osbrn’s research helps us understand what these animals lk like. “S I started learning phtgraphy,” Osbrn explained. “It was really imprtant because these animals dn’t lk s great when they are put in the glass bx in the museum’s cllectins.”
Artistic creativity prvides a chance t shw ff the bright clurs, special bdy shapes and gd adaptatins (适应性) f these animals t the museum’s scientists, visitrs and the wrld. In turn, art cnnects scientists t their wn creativity and helps with their scientific prcess (过程) and the cmmunicatin f their discveries. By jining science with imaginatin and strytelling, art helps shw the beauty f the sea animals—even thse fit fr hrrr mvies—and cnnects peple with their curisity fr the strangeness f the animal kingdm.
51．What can we learn abut art frm Paragraph 1?
A．It helps us catch the strangest animals.
B．It can tell us a lt f stries abut scientists.
C．It can tell the differences between nature and science.
D．It can prvide us with a new view fr explring science.
52．What is Alia Payne’s purpse f building a 3D mdel?
A．She wants t shw ff.B．She needs t get that jb.
C．She wants t explain science in a simple way.D．She hpes visitrs can buy jellyfish in the museum.
53．Dr Osbrn started learning phtgraphy because he ________.
A．hped t be famusB．wanted t imprve his wrk
C．was curius abut phtgraphyD．tried t study the fd fr sea animals
54．Hw des art affect scientists accrding t the passage?
A．It helps them have mre creativities.B．It allws them t make friends with visitrs.
C．It makes them experience the life f animals.D．It brings much truble t them.
The fllwing sustainable agriculture technlgies are necessary.
Smart irrigatin
Crps need water—that’s needless t say. Hwever, hw they get water is anther stry.
With smart irrigatin technlgy, water can be put t gd use. New irrigatin systems with smart technlgy can reprt sil misture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technlgies help farmers prperly take care f crps in a mre efficient way. Fr example, mst crps have specific requirements fr temperature and misture. The new irrigatin systems can shw farmers whether they need t make changes fr their crps’ grwing envirnments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste f water.
Drnes
Drnes’ abilities get them a place n this list. They can d a lt and mst imprtantly, they can make the bring and tiring farm wrk much easier.
These devices have high-definitin cameras that take pictures and vides. Thrugh wireless cntrl, just at hme farmers can fly the drnes ver the fields and check n crps. If ne area f crps isn’t ding well, farmers can quickly recrd the details and then spray chemicals with the help f the drnes.
Data and sftware
Data is rich in this tech-driven wrld. Farming and data wrking tgether can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As cmputers gather infrmatin, they reprt it all back t a central system. S when farmers learn in which area crp health needs t imprve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) mre efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technlgies are helpful fr farmers t save csts, labr and energy. And they can cntribute t the final gal f agricultural sustainability—that is t imprve the envirnment. As these new technlgies cntinue t develp, we are sure t have a cleaner envirnment.
Sustainable agricultural technlgy is the future—and it will change the game.
1．Accrding t the passage, smart irrigatin can ________.
A．make full use f every drp f rain
B．decide crps’ grwing envirnment
C．help farmers water the crps when necessary
D．supprt the grwth and harvest f crps efficiently
2．Frm “Drnes” part, we can learn that ________.
A．drnes can help prvide water and fertilizer
B．drnes help farm wrk in a mre efficient way
C．farmers can fly in their drnes t check n crps
D．farmers can recrd the details abut their drnes
3．What is the final gal f agricultural sustainability?
A．T help us have a better envirnment.B．T make farmers wrk mre efficiently.
C．T raise the prductin f crps quickly.D．T reduce farmers’ bring and tiring wrk.
4．The passage is mainly t ________.
A．think highly f the agriculture department
B．make sustainable agriculture technlgies better
C．change farmers’ misunderstanding f agriculture technlgies
D．stress the imprtance f sustainable technlgies in agriculture
例2（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Being sad r in a lw md is a nrmal (正常的) part f life. Many peple feel dwn frm time t time. Fr example, when peple face challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty r majr changes, it’s cmmn t feel dwn. But in mst cases the bad feelings slwly disappear.
As fr depressin(抑郁症), hwever, the bad md lasts fr weeks, mnths, r even lnger because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO) nted, depressin is a md disrder. It shws in different ways, including lss f interest in nrmal activities and feelings f lw self-wrth. It ften lasts fr a lng time and greatly harms a persn’s ability at wrk r schl r in the daily life. Peple with depressin usually dn’t like t talk abut their prblems with thers. Mre seriusly, depressin may even lead t the act f killing neself.
“Depressin is nt just a but(一阵) f sadness r a sign f weakness, and yu can’t just simply stp feeling depressed.” said the health news website
But depressin is nt a persn’s prblem. It’s als mre cmmn than mst peple think. It is hurting abut 280 millin peple arund the wrld, accrding t WHO.
Thugh depressin is wrrying, we dn’t have t be afraid f it. Depressin can be treated by getting prfessinal(专业的) help, taking medicine r a mixed treatment f bth. In fact, when yu begin t feel the danger f depressin, yu can try t deal with it early by yurself. Listening t music, ding sme sprts and drawing sme pictures might help yu feel better. Anther useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a lw md, having a cnversatin with thers is f great help. Being hnest abut hw we feel des nt make us weak, it makes us human.
5．Wh is mst prbably experiencing depressin?
A．Lily, wh is ging t have an imprtant exam and hasn’t slept well fr 3 days.
B．May, wh dislikes her new schl and has cmplained t her parents 3 times.
C．Ben, wh thinks life wrthless and has cried alne ver 3 times a week in the past mnth.
D．Tm, wh finds subjects hard and has talked t his teacher abut it 3 times this week.
6．What des the writer think f depressin?
A．Nrmal and nthing serius.B．Uncmmn althugh harmful.
C．Unavidable and untreatable.D．Treatable althugh wrrying.
7．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．Knwledge f depressin.B．Ways f treating depressin.
C．Reasns fr depressin.D．Results f depressin.
例3（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）Ancient art desn’t have t be bring. Technlgy in the 21st century can help t bring it t life by cmbining(融合) the best f the ld and the new.
Alng the River During the Qingming Festival
Walking int the China Pavilin at Exp 2010 in Shanghai, peple were amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码的) painting. Scientists digitized(数码化) the famus painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festisal by Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.
The riginal(原先的) painting shws life during the Nrthern Sng perid and it includes many details f ancient Chinese custms, lifestyles and technlgy.
Farmers wrk in the fields, sailrs mve arund their bats and peple eat and d business in restaurants. Parts f the backgrund are als animated(做成动画). Yu can see the wind blwing thrugh the trees and acrss the water. These animatins perfectly cmbine mdern technlgy and ancient art.
Digital technlgy allws tday’s artists t express their ideas in ways that ancient artists wuld nt believe pssible. Techniques such as animatin and 3D digital prjectin(投影) make art cme alive.
Dunhuang Cave Paintings
Dunhuang Caves, which are prtected ancient treasures in the Gbi desert in Nrthwest China, are filled with paintings and sculptures with lasting value. This artwrk was created ver a perid f arund 1,000 years.
The gd news is fr art lvers wh cannt travel and fr the caves. Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital prjectin f the caves, which makes the artwrk cme alive. There is als a functin(功能) that lets viewers zm in and enjy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.
Digitising ancient art allws us t explre the ancient practices. It als makes the whle wrld understand the art while prtecting the riginal artwrks fr the future.
8．Frm the passage, we can knw that ________.
A．bth f the tw artwrks use 3D digital prjectin
B．ancient art allws peple t explre the mdern technlgy
C．peple can’t g t Dunhuang t enjy paintings and sculptures nw
D．the digital painting, Alng the River During the Qingming Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan
9．Which sentence may be the best t fill in the “________”?
A．In the digital painting, a lt f these details are animated.
B．In the digital painting, a lt f these scenes are well knwn.
C．In the digital painting, mre details f the art can be enjyed.
D．In the digital painting, many different styles f art can be seen.
10．The underlined phrase “zm in” means ________ in Chinese.
A．使(镜头)抬高B．使(镜头)拉近C．使(镜头)俯视D．使(镜头)远离
11．Frm the passage, we can infer(推断) that _________.
A．studying ancient art as much as pssible is very necessary
B．gd art must cmbine mdern technlgy and ancient art
C．prtecting the ancient artwrks is mre imprtant than develping technlgy
D．mre valuable ancient artwrks will be prtected better with technlgy in the future
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Enjying Ancient ArtB．Prtecting Mdern Technlgy
C．Digitising Ancient ArtD．Understanding Mdern Technlgy
例4（2022·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）All abard! Let’s take a ride n the wrld’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjy the jurney. Get ready fr the trip f a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Statin. The scenery alng the way is sme f the wildest in all f China. Keep yur eyes pen as we race thrugh this beautiful land. Yu might see a rare Tibetan antelpe（藏羚羊）frm yur windw.
Befre we begin ur jurney, let’s learn abut this amazing railway. It’s truly ne f the great engineering wnders f the 21st century. When it was cmpleted n July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine wrld recrds, including the wrld’s highest railway at 5,072 metres abve sea level, the wrld’s highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905 metres, and the lngest tunnel ever built n permafrst（冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Sn there will nly be 50 t 60 percent f the xygen which we are used t breathing. But dn’t be afraid. Each rail car has tw separate xygen systems. One system spreads xygen thrughut the train at all times. And each passenger can als get a persnal xygen mask just like thse used in planes.
Here are a few mre things t think abut as ur train leaves the statin. The designers slved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was n enugh xygen. Secnd, much f the railway runs acrss permafrst, a type f grund that keeps changing as the weather warms and cls. Finally, the railway ges thrugh sme f the mst sensitive eclgy（敏感的生态环境）in China. Great care was necessary t make sure f the smallest pssible influence n nature.
All three challenges were met, making ur trip pssible. All abard! The train t Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes.
13．Where are the passengers?
A．On a bus.B．On a train.C．On a ship.D．On a plane.
14．Hw des the text shw the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?
A．By telling a stry.B．By using a designer’s wrds.
C．By intrducing its wrld recrds.D．By cmparing the present with the past.
15．Hw many xygen systems are there in each rail car?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
16．Which f the fllwing increased the difficulty f building the railway?
A．The changing grund.B．The plluted air.
C．The dangerus animals.D．The ht weather.
例5（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
The Hrsetail Fall (瀑布) is ne f Ysemite Natinal Park’s mst amazing views. Arund the secnd week f February, the setting sun hits the Hrsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) t light the upper parts f the waterfall. And when cnditins are right, the Hrsetail Fall becmes range and red at sunset. It is like red-ht lava (熔岩) puring dwn frm the tp f the El Capitan. S, it gt the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match f the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears n dry, warm and cludless days. There must be enugh flwing water t make a firefall t. S there must be enugh snw n the muntain tp, and it turns int water n warm afternns.
The sun ges t the best place befre the fall in late February. And the best time t watch the fall is 5 t 15 minutes befre the sunset. Only at this time can visitrs see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place t watch, because it is clse t the fall and is perfect t set up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thusands f phtgraphers cme t watch the firefall. Althugh the view may appear just minutes befre sunset, many f them have t cme hurs earlier t get a right place t set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Ysemite Firefall is smething yu dn’t want t miss during the winter,” says Kate Mre, a traveller and the lead cntent creatr fr ParkedInParadise.cm.
17．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us ________.
A．hw the firefall gt its nameB．why it’s easy t see the firefall
C．wh was the first t find the firefallD．n which day we can visit the frefall
18．What can we knw abut the firefall?
A．It lasts fr half an hur befre the sunset.
B．It usually appears n wet, warm and cludy days.
C．Rivers prvide enugh flwing water t make a fall.
D．Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
19．Frm the wrds f Kate Mre, we can infer that ________.
A．the firefall is wrth seeingB．it’s dangerus t watch the firefall
C．the firefall brings little surpriseD．it’s a waste f time t visit the firefall
20．What’s the theme f the passage?
A．Art.B．Nature.C．Technlgy.D．Histry.
例6（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）
Can yu imagine a wrld withut insects? Withut ants r flies in yur huse, it might sund great. Hwever, the results may be ut f imaginatin.
The number f insects has drpped by half in the past few years, accrding t a British bilgist Dave Culsn. Yu may think small insects are nt imprtant. But in fact they are the main part f the species(物种)n Earth.
Insects are indeed n the way t extinctin, accrding t the first review f insect ppulatin. The researchers say the main reasn fr this is the use f pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destry insects’ living areas. Als, weather change is anther imprtant cause.
“Unless we change ur ways f prducing fd, insects will g dwn the way t extinctin in a few years,” the researchers wrte in the review. “This will have huge influences n the planet’s ecsystem(生态系统).”
We need insects t pllinate(授粉)crps. They als break dwn(分解)dead plants and animals, which can keep the sil healthy. Withut insects, many animals wuld have nthing t eat and die f hunger. Then, the ecsystem wuld be ff balance.
“If the number f insect species keep drpping, this will have bad influences n bth Earth’s ecsystem and the survival f us humans,” said ne f the writers f the review.
“The first step t stp this is t let mre peple understand the values f the natural wrld,” he suggests. “The best place t start is frm ur children, wh shuld realize envirnmental prtectin frm an early age.”
21．The underlined wrd “extinctin” means “________”.
A．pllutinB．deathC．harmD．prtectin
22．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ________.
A．the reasn fr prducing fdB．the prblem f animals and plants
C．the way t keep sil healthyD．the imprtance f insects
23．Frm the passage, we can knw ________.
A．insects may destry the balance f the ecsystem
B．ants and flies are the main part f the species n Earth
C．humans’ actins influence the number f insects
D．weather change has little influence n insects
例7（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）
As Xing Chuanfa, 34, blew a lifelike puppy ut f mlten maltse(溶化的麦芽糖) in just minutes, kids lked carefully at him with great surprise, thinking he was a magician.
Xing Chuanfa has been wrking n blwing sugar figurines, a Chinese traditinal flk art with a histry f ver 600 years, fr mre than twenty years.
In this special art frm, the artist heats the syrup(糖浆) t a certain temperature, pulls ff a small amunt, makes it int a ball with an pen center, presses the pen area tgether and stretches it t frm a tube. Then he blws air int the tube and makes it int different shapes. The traditinal flk art has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).
Every mrning, Xing prepares the mlten syrup and drives t start his “magic shw” arund his city. “Many peple, particularly kids, are attracted by this sugar art. After all, the ancient art is gradually disappearing,” Xing said. Simn, frm Australia, was attracted by a sugar Bing Dwen Dwen, the masct f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, in Xing’s stall. Simn culdn’t resist trying t make ne himself. Hwever, he culdn’t get the wanted shape thugh he tried several times. “It lks simple, but actually it’s very difficult t master the skill,” he said. Thanks t Xing’s helping hand, Siunn finally saw a hrse gradually taking shape. “Can’t believe I’ve dne this,” he said, expressing his excitement at hw a pt f sugar syrup has been turned int smething “truly amazing”.
Xing said that blwing sugar figurines can date back t the Ming Dynasty and that his family has passed dwn this art fr fur generatins. “My 6-year-ld sn ften blws up a balln-like sugar figure, just like I used t d as a child,” he said. Xing’s wife Wang Li is an artist f the sugar painting, which is a frm f traditinal Chinese flk art that uses ht, liquid sugar t make 2-D bjects.
“Nne f the cultural heritage left by ur ancestrs shuld be lst. They are name cards f the splendid Chinese culture and shuld be spread arund the wrld,” Xing said. The cuple ften shw their skills beside clleges t draw yungsters clser t the traditinal art and allw them t experience its charm. “Sugar paintings and sugar figurines are childhd memries f several generatins f Chinese peple. We try t cmbine paper-cutting skills and mdern elements(元素) with sugar figurines, making them similar t mdern trend(趋势) while keeping a balance between beauty and taste. We will spend the rest f ur lives helping pass n this intangible heritage,” Xing said.
Many peple were deeply mved after learning abut the family’s stry.
24．What is the crrect rder f making sugar figurines?
a. Making it int a sugar ball. b. Stretching it t make a tube.
c. Pulling ff sme heated syrup. d. Blwing air t make wanted shapes.
A．c-a-b-dB．c-b-a-dC．b-a-c-dD．b-c-a-d
25．The underlined wrd “resist” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．be praised byB．stp neself frm
C．be attracted byD．remind neself f
26．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the article?
A．Xing’s sn blws up a hrse with his father’s help.
B．Xing’s wife is als gd at making sugar figurines.
C．Xing tries t add mdern elements t sugar figurines.
D．The Xings visit clleges t teach students their skills.
27．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．A Chinese artist n tasty flk artB．A new mdern trend
C．A balance between beauty and tasteD．Tasty sugar figurines
阅读理解之说明文
一、文章特点
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。
二、出题特点
1. 细节理解题；2. 生词词义判断题；3. 标题判断题；4. 主旨大意题；5. 文章结构题；6. 观点态度题。
三、阅读方法
阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
1. 明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
2. 逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。
3. 整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。
四、解题技巧
1. 阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。
2. 审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
3. 定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
【变式1】 （2022·江苏泰州·校考三模）Clse yur eyes and picture a scientist. Des an image f a man shw up in yur mind?
It is hard t ignre that even in the 21st century, the “scientist equals male” steretype(成见) is still there. In the science wrld, wmen’s vices are ften unheard.
Accrding t UNESCO, nly 35 percent f glbal STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) students in higher educatin are wmen. In pursuing science and technlgy careers, wmen are mre likely t be treated unfairly because f their mtherhd and skin clr, nted Teen Vgue.
In Nvember, at the 4th Wrld Laureates Frum(世界顶尖科学家论坛) held in Shanghai, sme f the wrld’s tp female scientists annunced an initiative(倡议), encuraging institutins arund the wrld t prmte gender equality(性别平等) in STEM areas.
“Rle mdels f wmen scientists need t be better represented n imprtant internatinal stages and allw their vices t be heard as a way t encurage yuths,” Lenre Blum, a female scientist frm the US, said at the frum.
In December, Talk With Lu Jian, a Chinese TV shw, launched a series f prgrams under the title f She Pwer in Tech. The shw interviewed Chinese female scientists, including geneticist(遗传学家) Fu Qiamei at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, Lü Zhi, a prfessr f life sciences at Peking University, and Rng Yi, a chief designer f the Lng March 2F rcket.
“These female scientists share a strng passin fr science,” said Lu Jian, the TV shw’s hst. “They are making a pathway(通道) fr the next wmen scientists.”
Actins shuld als be taken t create a better envirnment fr wmen wrking in the field f science and technlgy, nted Science and Technlgy Daily. Fr example, they shuld be given mre resurces, jin in decisin-making and gain supprt fr their research during maternity(生育).
28．Accrding t UNESCO, the number f wmen wh study STEM is ________ the number f men.
A．equal tB．far mre thanC．much less thanD．clse t
29．Lenre Blum thinks that ________.
A．mre female scientists shuld find different jbsB．wmen scientists are gd rle mdels
C．scientists shuld be knwn by mre pepleD．wmen are gd at studying science
30．She Pwer in Tech is a prgram that ________.
A．shares stries f wmen scientistsB．teaches basic scientific knwledge
C．picks up future wmen scientistsD．spreads the latest scientific develpments
31．What prblems are female scientists facing nw?
a. Having fewer resurces than male scientists. b. Bearing n hardships cmpared with males.
c. Lacking pprtunities t make decisins. d. Being unable t wrk while having a baby.
A．abcB．abdC．acdD．bcd
【变式2】（2022·江苏淮安·校考二模）The whle year’s wrk depends n a gd start in spring, as the ld saying ges. April is an imprtant perid fr spring plwing. And being a farmer is a lt f wrk. Luckily, smart technlgy is helpful in farming. Drnes（无人机）, apps, driverless tractrs（无人驾驶拖拉机）—hw are these technlgies changing ne f the wrld’s ldest jbs? Let’s take a lk.
Drnes
Yu may think drnes are nly fr shting（拍摄）vides. These eyes in the sky are als used by farmers t watch crps, find pests（害虫）and make sure that water is used efficiently.
Drnes can als help humans d physical wrk. In Xinjiang, fr example,ver 5,000 drnes farm 1.3 millin hectares（公顷）f land, accrding t Glbal Times. Pwered by China’s Bei Du Navigatin Satellite System, the drnes can spread seeds, fertilizer（化肥）and pesticides（农药）faster and better than humans.
Driverless tractrs
Driverless transprt is still being develped. This technlgy can help farms plant and harvest. Driverless tractrs can wrk in fields arund the clck, withut stpping.
Smart Ag is a US cmpany that prduces driverless tractrs. The tractrs have sensrs（传感器）, radar and GPS. Pulling a crp cart, the tractr can autmatically（自动地）receive crps frm a cmbine（收割机）and then send the cart t be unladed（卸货）. Accrding t technlgy fficer Mark Barglf, “It is able t ntice bjects and wn’t run ver peple r run int ther equipment（设备）”.
The irrigatin app
One f the mst imprtant jbs fr farmers is t make sure that plants get water. A new smartphne app called Smart Irrigatin can help.
Develped by an agricultural scientist at the University f Gergia, US, the app uses GPS technlgy t tell farmers when t water their crps. It cnnects t the clsest weather statin t learn abut lcal rainfall, and it estimates（估计）hw much water the plants need each day. It’s nt just fr farmers: peple can use it t decide when t water their lawns.
32．What can we learn abut driverless tractrs?
A．Driverless tractrs are prduced by a British cmpany.
B．Driverless tractrs can’t avid bumping int ther equipment.
C．Driverless tractrs use a cmbine t receive and unlad crps.
D．Driverless tractrs may help farmers mre in the future.
33．What des the underlined phrase “arund the clck” mean?
A．Under the cntrl f a clck.B．Within a limited time.
C．Next t a clck.D．Thrugh the day.
34．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The whle year’s week depends n a gd start in spring.B．Mdern technlgies imprve farming.
C．Farming is develping quickly.D．Technlgies prduce changes.
【变式3】（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）It’s always easier t say “Yes” because mst f us want t please ther peple. Smebdy asks yu t g fr a party but yu have tests the next day, r t help them althugh yu are busy at the mment, r t jin the activities yu have n interest at all! Even thugh yur heart is crying NO, yu find the wrd “Yes” cme ut f yur muth. Hwever, it usually results in anger—nt nly fr the persn wh asked yu, but als fr yurself fr nt being strng enugh.
Lisa Messenger, the Cllective Hub CEO, said in her first few years f business, many peple asked her t talk ver a cffee. Actually, she usually ended up having 20 cffee meetings a week and that stpped her frm ding business because she didn’t have time t d her wn wrk.
Messenger finally learned t refuse like “N, I’m srry, but I dn’t have time.” She believes if yu say “Yes”, yu will regret later. Or yur heart will be filled with guilt (内疚), fear r anger because yu feel bad fr agreeing t d smething yu never want t. S yu need t be brave enugh t say “N” when yu’re asked at first.
Janine Garner, CEO f The LBD Grup, believed we need t get very clear abut ur gals. Unless we wrk twards ur gals, nbdy else will care abut ur time. Gamer said, “We may end up saying ‘Yes’ because we feel srry fr smebdy wh needs us. But we end up having that awful feeling in ur heart. Yu can nly achieve the best f yu by stpping ding the things that take up yur time and dn’t add anything twards yur gals. Take a gd lk at the time spent n thers, that yu really shuld spend n yurself.”
35．What des “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．The feeling after saying “Yes”.B．The feeling after saying “N”.
C．The persn wh asked yu.D．The activity yu have n interest.
36．We can learn frm the passage that Messenger ________.
A．likes drinking cffee in her wrk timeB．never agrees t help her wrkmates
C．learns hw t refuse thers plitelyD．feels angry when she can’t help thers
37．What’s the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【变式4】（2022·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）Technlgy has dne ur wrld wnders: frm develpment in medicine, travel, cmmunicatin, and hw we cmmunicate with ne anther and urselves. Hwever, by cmpletely welcming technlgy as a part f everyday life.
Technlgy presents a new platfrm fr creativity t exist (存在) n. Thrugh technlgy, ideas can be set free and cme t life in the physical wrld．We have the necessary tls fr greater pssibilities and new slutins. Fr example, film advertisements, scial media r radi.
Hwever, when we lk mre clsely, it’s easy t ntice sme disadvantages. Fr example (自动计算) nwadays, rather than taking the time t wrk it ut fr urselves. Anther bvius situatin is that a lt f peple are spending t much time n screens. As a result, is there a way t find a balance between technlgy and human creativity? I think s. It is simply a matter f making sure that creativity is nt deterred by technlgy. The first way is t reduce ur usage f digital devices (数字设备) by setting limits n when, where, turning ff the ntificatins (通知) n yur phne, yu will feel surprised hw little yu think abut yur phne.
Anther wnderful way is t take daily walks in the nature. It can help yu reset, rebalance, and keep ging in the lng run health. We can als develp ur creativity by ding yga, keeping a jurnal.
The key t the survival (生存) f ur creativity starts with us. Will yu put yur phne away when spending time with friends? Will yu try t find happiness and purpse utside f a screen? The actins yu chse t take will help change the relatinship between creativity and technlgy fr the better.
38．Why des the writer talk abut businesses in Paragraph 2?
A．T stress the imprtance f creativity.
B．T suggest gd ways t develp technlgy.
C．T shw the effect that technlgy has n creativity.
D．T explain the relatinship between business and creativity.
39．The wrd “deterred” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．examinedB．cntrlledC．replacedD．prevented
40．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．limiting the usage f ur phnes can help us develp creativity
B．spending time n screens is the easiest way t keep peple happy
C．turning ff the ntificatins n the phne will make peple wrried
D．a daily walk des mre gd t physical health than t mental health
41．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Technlgy: Hw Des It Help Develp Creativity?
B．Creativity in a Wrld f Technlgy: Des It Exist?
C．Technlgy and Creativity: Which Is Mre Imprtant?
D．Technlgy and Creativity: Hw D They Influence Each Other?
【变式5】（2022·江苏南京·校联考二模）
All ver the wrld, peple find giraffes amazing. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the wrld. Its legs and tail are taller than mst peple. Its tngue is very lng, 18 inches. The frnt part f its tngue is an unusual clr, black. Unlike mst ther large animals, giraffes d nt threaten (威胁) peple. Yet t many scientists the mst amazing thing abut this gentle giant is its heart.
T understand hw amazing the giraffe’s heart is, put yur head lwer than yur heart. Keep it there fr a few minutes. Then lift yur head up very quickly. D yu feel dizzy? This is the effect f a change in bld pressure. The heart has t quickly pump bld t yur brain t stp yu frm feeling dizzy r frm fainting.
When a giraffe lifts its head up frm the grund, it has t lift its 250-kil neck mre than 15 feet in the air. Hw can it d this withut fainting? The giraffe’s heart is really large. It is almst tw feet lng and weighs abut 10 kils. It can pump 60 liters f bld in a minute. The large artery (动脉) that carries bld frm the heart up the lng neck f the giraffe is als unusual because it has a muscle in it. This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s bld pressure.
In 1988, a writer, Michael Allin, learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille, a city in the suth f France, in 1826. It was a gift t the king f France Charles X. He decided t g t Ethipia, in East Africa, where the giraffe was brn. He traveled t Egypt n the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came t Egypt where he discvered the reasn fr the gift. Muhammad Ali, an imprtant Egyptian leader, did nt want the French t enter a war. He sent the giraffe t King Charles X.
Hwever, it was difficult t transprt a giraffe in 1826. It traveled frm Egypt t France n a ship. The giraffe was s tall that it culdn’t fit in the lwer deck f the ship. This was quite a prblem until smene decided t cut a hle in the tp deck f the ship. The giraffe’s legs were belw, and its lng neck came up thrugh the hle.
N ne knew hw t get such a large animal frm Marseille t Paris, s the giraffe had t walk the 880 kilmeters. All alng the way, peple came t watch the gentle giant. Six weeks after it left Marseille, the giraffe finally arrived in Paris, where 100,000 peple came t see this amazing creature. Tday, we still lk at the giraffe in amazement. There is n ther animal like it n earth.
42．What is unusual abut the artery in a giraffe’s neck?
A．It has a muscle in it.B．It has an unusual clur.
C．It weighs 10 kils.D．It carries bld t the legs.
43．The writer explains hw amazing the giraffe’s heart is in Paragraph 3 mainly by ________.
A．telling striesB．shwing steps
C．giving numbersD．expressing pinins
44．Muhammad Ali gave the giraffe t ________.
A．the French pepleB．the Egyptian leader
C．the French writerD．the king f France
45．What did they d t transprt the giraffe by ship?
A．They cut a hle in the deck.B．They added a taller deck t the ship.
C．They built anther new ship.D．They cut the taller deck ff the ship.
46．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．The gentle giant frm AfricaB．The special heart f the giant
C．The amazing jurney t FranceD．The ppular writer frm France
【变式6】（2022·江苏无锡·校考一模）Why nt write in a freign language? If peple feel free t chse their prfessin, their religin, and even their sex, why nt just decide which language yu want t write? Ever since Jhumpa published In Other Wrds in Italian, peple have been asking me, “Why dn’t yu write in Italian, Tim? After all, yu’ve been in the cuntry 35 years. What keeps yu tied t English?” Is it just a questin f ecnmic(经济的) cnvenience?
Certainly ecnmics can be imprtant. It was the factr that pushed Cnrad t abandn his Plish mther tngue. If it is nt pssible t publish at hme, r t publish there as ne wuld wish t publish, then ne is likely t g elsewhere. And if t publish elsewhere ne has t change language, then sme authrs are willing t take that step.
Smething f the same lgic has driven many writers frm Africa, Asia t write in French and English in recent years. There is als the fact that peple in Eurpe and the West are interested in the cuntries they grew up in. Just as in the nineteenth century, nvelists like Thmas Hardy culd “sell” their familiarity with peasant life t a middle-class metrplitan(大都市的) public, s these writers have interested us with stries that might seem cmmn in their hme cuntries.
There is als a real internatinalism in the decisin t change language. If yu have “a message” and if English is the language that ffers maximum spread, then it wuld seem apprpriate t use it.
All these make sense. Critics(评论家) tend t pay attentin nly t thse wh have made a success f writing in a new language. In April 2014, a New Yrk Times article essentially listed yung literary stars wh had switched（改变）t writing in the main Western languages. At this pint, the native English speaker almst begins t feel at a disadvantage fr having been brn int the dminant culture. Shuld we perhaps head fr Paris, like Beckett r Jnathan Littell, just t be between tw wrlds? Or lk fr smething mre extic(异国的) and have urselves translated back int English afterward? Hwever, ne fact is that changing languages desn’t always wrk.
I did write a nvel in Italian. But after rereading it, I decided against it. My wrk lst pwer with the switch f language. My real subject matter still had t d with England and it was t my hme culture that my bks were addressed. The secnd language never seems t mean quite as much as the first. In any event, after my early experiment, I never went back t write in Italian. Changing language is nt the nly way t bring energy t yur writing.
47．The authr writes the first paragraph t ________.
A．intrduce the tpic f this passageB．prvide backgrund infrmatin
C．stress the imprtance f EnglishD．explain why he writes in English
48．Why are sme writers willing t write in a freign language?
A．They have published a lt f wrks at hme.
B．Their wrks are uncmmn in their wn cuntries.
C．A new language may ffer a wider readership.
D．They want t be accepted by middle class.
49．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Native English writers are at a disadvantage fr writing in English.
B．Writers can’t be entirely separated frm their wn culture and language.
C．Writers shuld write in a freign language t draw critics’ attentin.
D．Any writer can succeed with the switch f a new language.
50．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Write in a freign languageB．Publish at hme
C．Ecnmy decides everythingD．Write bks in Italian
【变式7】（2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模）Art is a pwerful tl fr telling a scientific (科学的) stry. Many scientific fields study the strangest f the animal kingdm, like animals with a lt f eyes and bdies s different frm ur wn. Art can help us experience these hard-t-imagine parts f the natural wrld and light new scientific discveries.
Alia Payne, an art prfessr, came t the Natinal Museum f Natural Histry t wrk with the live jellyfish (水母) cllectins. She always gt the same questin frm visitrs. “Hw d jellyfish stings (蜇刺) wrk?” She had the scientific answer but fund it difficult t explain withut a clear sight. An idea went thrugh her mind. She built a 3D mdel f ne f the stinging cells that visitrs culd tuch. “I have always lved art fr educatin.” said Payne. “We learn mre easily when we have smething t play with.”
While art helps peple experience science. It als helps scientists understand the natural wrld. Dr Osbrn, a zlgist at the museum, studies the surprising sea animals f the cean’s largest habitat (栖息地)—the midwater. Midwater sea animals have special features t survive in their habitat, and Osbrn’s research helps us understand what these animals lk like. “S I started learning phtgraphy,” Osbrn explained. “It was really imprtant because these animals dn’t lk s great when they are put in the glass bx in the museum’s cllectins.”
Artistic creativity prvides a chance t shw ff the bright clurs, special bdy shapes and gd adaptatins (适应性) f these animals t the museum’s scientists, visitrs and the wrld. In turn, art cnnects scientists t their wn creativity and helps with their scientific prcess (过程) and the cmmunicatin f their discveries. By jining science with imaginatin and strytelling, art helps shw the beauty f the sea animals—even thse fit fr hrrr mvies—and cnnects peple with their curisity fr the strangeness f the animal kingdm.
51．What can we learn abut art frm Paragraph 1?
A．It helps us catch the strangest animals.
B．It can tell us a lt f stries abut scientists.
C．It can tell the differences between nature and science.
D．It can prvide us with a new view fr explring science.
52．What is Alia Payne’s purpse f building a 3D mdel?
A．She wants t shw ff.B．She needs t get that jb.
C．She wants t explain science in a simple way.D．She hpes visitrs can buy jellyfish in the museum.
53．Dr Osbrn started learning phtgraphy because he ________.
A．hped t be famusB．wanted t imprve his wrk
C．was curius abut phtgraphyD．tried t study the fd fr sea animals
54．Hw des art affect scientists accrding t the passage?
A．It helps them have mre creativities.B．It allws them t make friends with visitrs.
C．It makes them experience the life f animals.D．It brings much truble t them.
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