人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 Fascinating Parks优秀课后作业题

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Using Language & Other Parts

目标导航jing


重点
词汇
1． n．圆面包；小圆甜饼
2． (NAmE＝chili) n．(pl.chillies/chilies) 辣椒
3． n. 猪肉
4． n. 珍珠
5． n. 夫人；女士
6． n. 卡路里(热量单位)
7． n. 类别；种类
8． n. 维生素
9． adj. 奶制的；乳品(业)的n. 乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
10． adv. 有点；稍微
11． n. 数量；数额
12． adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的n. 基本规律；根本法则
13． adj. 一致的；连续的
14． n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
15． adv. 总体上；大致上adj. 全面的；综合的
16． vi. & vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎n. 咀嚼
词汇
拓展
1．association n．协会；关联→ v．联想；联系
2．fibre (AmE fiber) n．纤维；纤维制品→ adj.含纤维的
3．moderation n．适度；合理→ adj.适度的；合理的；温和的 v．缓和；使适中
4．ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物)→ n．理想主义者
5．modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ n．谦虚；朴素
重点
词组
1． 不管；不顾2． 关于；至于
3． 争辩；为……争论4． 削减
5． 停止做(或使用，食用)；删去；阻挡6． 和……一样
7． 表示思路和行为方式正确与否
8． 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉




重点
句型
1.How is Hunan cuisine different from Sichuan cuisine？(教材P31)
湘菜和川菜有些什么不同？
2.There is no one to healthy eating.(教材P32)健康饮食没有唯一的诀窍。
3.Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.(教材P32)加工的食品常常包含较少的营养成分，并且比新鲜材料含有更高数量的糖、盐和脂肪。
4.In addition, studies show that eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.(教材P32)此外，研究表明，始终如一的饮食习惯，例如，每天在同一时间吃三餐，对我们的健康更好。
5.This is true how healthy the rest of their diet might be.(教材P32)
不管他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
6.And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are
to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day(Journal of the American Medical Association，2014)．(教材P32)在美国，每天从糖中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入1 0%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。
7. how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.(教材P32)你可以决定你想要怎样生活，并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。

知识点睛jing


原文呈现
HEALTHY EATING
There is much debate nowadays as to① what makes up② a healthy diet.For example, scientists have insisted③ for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food④.However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver⑤ of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar【1】．Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans.And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association⑥，2014)．This is true regardless of⑦ how healthy the rest of their diet might be.Put more simply, while people continue to argue over⑧ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
【1】画线部分中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明increasing evidence；as it is是一种语言衔接结构，意为“事实上，实际情况是”，多用来陈述一种原因或状况，尤其是当该原因或状况与预期或需要不相符时。
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks.The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to⑨ less than 100－150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can⑩ of sweet drink or in a single candy bar 【2】．In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down⑪ on desserts, and cut out⑫ sweet drinks altogether⑬.
【2】画线部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰less than 100－150 calories；定语从句中又包含一个what引导的表语从句。
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories⑭ of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins⑮ and fibre⑯，rather than processed foods⑰.Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities⑱ of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products⑲ in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.As with⑳ everything in life, moderation is key.The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full 【3】．What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry 【4】．Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more.In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
【3】画线部分属于“It takes some time for sb/sth to do...”句型，意为“做……花费某人/某物多长时间”。you start eating为省略关系词when的定语从句，修饰先行词the time。
【4】本句中What引导主语从句，What在从句中作宾语；that people...feel hungry是that引导的表语从句，表语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句(修饰先行词people)和because引导的原因状语从句。
There is no one trick to healthy eating.Rather，healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food.One question you can ask yourself is，“Do I eat to live, or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet.However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health.It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
课文译文
健康饮食
现在关于健康饮食由什么构成有很多争论。比如，科学家多年来一直坚持说健康的一大敌人是高脂食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物，而实际上是糖。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，通过糖摄入25%或更多日需卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是每天摄入不到10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014)。无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。更简单地说，当人们还在持续争论高脂食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖才是杀手。
这些额外的糖大多来自甜食和含糖饮料。一个普通美国人仅通过含糖饮料就能摄入三分之一的糖。美国心脏协会建议，我们应当将每日从糖中摄取的热量控制在100－150卡路里以内，这些热量还没有一罐含糖饮料或一根糖棒通常所含的热量多。换言之，如果你想健康，你就必须减少甜点的摄入，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。
除此之外，你可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而非加工食品。加工食品通常营养含量较少，并且比新鲜原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也很重要，因为它们提供了强健骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。和生活中的每件事一样，适度是关键。理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种东西都不会吃得太多或太少。
最后，健康饮食的一个根本要点是细嚼慢咽。从你开始吃东西的那一刻起，你的大脑需要大约20分钟来告诉身体你吃饱了。这意味着，咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽也能让你的身体更好地消化食物，让你更享受食物。另外，研究表明，始终如一的饮食习惯，例如，每天在同一时间吃三餐，对我们的健康更有益。而且每餐最好都吃适量的食物，而不是一顿饭吃很多，而下一顿饭只吃一点。
健康饮食没有诀窍。更确切地讲，健康饮食始于对食物的健康态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了生存而吃，还是为了吃而生存？”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食方面走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的中心，你就可能会走上健康不良的道路。你要决定你想如何生活，并在饮食方面做出正确的决定。
知识解析
一.somewhat adv.稍微；有点
How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine？(教材P31)湘菜和川菜有些什么不同？
【精讲】somewhat　　有点；稍微，从某种程度上讲
somehow 不知怎么地，以某种方式，莫名其妙地
anyhow 总之，无论如何，不管怎样
①Things have changed since then.
从那时候起，情况就有些不一样了。
②All these activities gave him a full schedule, but he managed.
所有这些活动使他的日程排得很满，但他还是设法做到了。
③There is no way you can just give people money without knowing how they are going to use it.你不可能在不知道人们将如何使用钱的情况下随便给他们钱。
二.association n．关联；协会；联盟
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014.(教材P32)2014年《美国医学会杂志》
【精讲】(1)association with...　与……的交往/联系
in association with... 与……相联系；与……联合
(2)associate v. 联想；联系，使关联
associate with... 联合；与……联系在一起
(3)associated adj. 关联的；联系的
be associated with... 与……有联系的
①The press feels the need to itself the project.新闻界觉得有必要把自己与这个项目联系起来。
②Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated lung cancer.
科学家已得出结论：肺癌与吸烟密切相关。
③It is reported that there are many health problems associated unhealthy lifestyle.
据报道，有很多健康问题和不健康的生活方式有关。
三.trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 v．欺骗；欺诈
There is no one trick to healthy eating.(教材P32)健康饮食没有唯一的诀窍。
【精讲】(1)play a trick/tricks on sb＝play a joke/jokes on sb＝make fun of sb　捉弄某人
trick or treat 不给糖就捣乱
the trick of... ……的窍门
(2)trick sb into (doing) sth 骗某人做某事……
trick sb out of sth 骗取某人的……
①There are, however, a couple of for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular daily routine, or finding time for sports.
然而，要想睡个好觉，有几个小窍门，比如：保持乐观的态度，保持有规律的日常起居，或者找时间做运动。
②It is acceptable to play a trick/tricks your friends on April 1st.
在4月1日对你的朋友搞恶作剧是可以接受的。
③They may trick people giving personal information over the telephone.
他们可能通过电话哄骗人们提供个人信息。
④The company $20 million.那家公司被骗走了两千万美元。
四quantity n．数量；数额
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.(教材P32)加工的食品常常包含较少的营养成分，并且比新鲜材料含有更高数量的糖、盐和脂肪。
【精讲】quantity修饰名词时，谓语的单复数与名词无关，与quantity的单复数有关。
a large/small quantity of　大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量的
大量地
①It’s believed that quantities of building materials are (be) potentially harmful to people’s body.
人们认为大量的建筑材料对人体有潜在的危害。
②A quantity of water (be) needed for cooling purpose.冷却需要大量的水。
③If you order it , I think a discount will be possible.
若你是大量订购的话，我认为有可能会打折。
五.consistent adj.一致的；连续的
In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.(教材P32)此外，研究表明，始终如一的饮食习惯，例如，每天在同一时间吃三餐，对我们的健康更好。
【精讲】be consistent with　和……一致/相符
consistently adv. 一贯地；一致地
①These reports are not consistent the actual situations of the so－called problems.
这些报道与所谓问题的实际情况不符。
②It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge, as well as their ability to work hard and ．
它测试学生是否能够掌握一定的知识体系，以及他们努力学习、坚持不懈的能力。
六.regardless of无论，不管
This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.(教材P32)不管他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
【精讲】(1)regardless of　　不管，不顾(后常接名词或从句， 常指不重视或不考虑后果)
(2)despite＝in spite of 尽管；不管；虽然(后常接名词，不接从句)
①She is determined to do it all consequences.
她决心不顾一切后果地做这件事。
② anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like without daily advancements in technology.
不管人们对这个问题的看法如何，很难想象没有每天的科技进步，生活会是什么样子。
③ (＝In spite of) all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.
尽管我们竭力想保住这所学校，当局还是决定把它关闭。
七．And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day(Journal of the American Medical Association，2014)．(教材P32)在美国，每天从糖中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入1 0%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。
倍数词表示比较时，要放在表示比较部分的前面。常见句型：
【精讲】(1)...倍数＋比较级＋than...
(2)...倍数＋as＋原级＋as...
(3)...倍数＋the＋名词＋of...
中国的面积大约是印度的三倍。
→The area of China is about that of India.
→The area of China is about that of India.
→The area of China is about India.
[名师提醒]　表示倍数的其他句型：
(1)...times＋more＋名词＋than...
There are in our class in theirs.我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。
(2)...times＋as many/much＋名词＋as...
He has got his sister.他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的3倍。
(3)...times＋what从句
The length of the road is it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的4倍。
八.It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.(教材P32)你可以决定你想要怎样生活，并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。
【精讲】It is/was up to sb to do sth该句型意为：“该由某人做某事；取决于某人”，up后的to是介词，相当于It is/was sb’s duty to do sth。
① our classroom today.
今天应由他打扫教室。
②It is up to parents (teach) their children manners.该由父母教孩子礼貌。

分层练习


题组A 基础过关练
一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．If you look at the paper under a microscope, you will see the (纤维)．
2．Our body cells require many substances, such as iron, certain of (维生素) and fats.
3．Increasing numbers of people are sensitive to (奶制的) products.
4．In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration；that is why I recommend another
(种类) of books：literary works.
5．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it (有点) differently.
6．The majority of scientists are about their achievements no matter how great they are, not liking showing off on public occasions.
7．AI can be used to promote skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons.
8．Nutrition experts advise us, above all, to cut down on fats and to use salt and sugar in ．
9．There is in reality a gap between the and the actual.
10．The aim of this is to increase people’s awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
二.单句语法填空
1．With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth (wash) away each year.
2．The greatest function of school education is not so much to teach you some knowledge to teach you the art of learning.
3．Happiness is (associate) with smiling.But do we always smile when we are happy?
4．There are two (category) of insurance policies for pets：non－lifetime and lifetime.
5．Life doesn’t go along the way we thought it would，but we still need to have a positive attitude
it.
6． (fundamental), there are two different approaches to dealing with the problem.
7．His conduct in the affair was not consistent his usual politeness and gentleness.
8．His (modest) does him credit, for the article he writes speaks for itself.

题组B 能力提升练
一.选词填空
on the right track, make up, regardless of, in addition, get rid of, cut down on, in other words
1．We haven’t succeeded yet, but we’re and should keep trying hard.
2．How to the plastic waste is still a hot potato in this city.
3．English classes are offered. , students can take classes in word processing and computing.
4．The toy cost a dollar and Ted only had fifty cents, so Father the difference.
5．He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, other people’s feelings.
6．The economic fundamentals have not become worse. , the fundamentals keeping sound economic growth have not changed and will not change in the short run.
7．Public transportation helps to pollution and traffic jams.
二.补全句子
1． when we will complete the difficult assignment.
由你来告诉我们什么时候将完成这个困难的任务。
2．Whatever you say must ．
你说的和你做的必须要一致。
3．She recommended that on Saturday.
她建议不要在周六开班会。
4．It’s said that the power plant what it was.
据说这个发电站现在是过去的两倍大。
5． high blood pressure is，in part, a familial disease.
有证据表明，高血压在某种程度上是一种家族疾病。
6．They insisted that ．他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。

题组C 培优拔尖练
一.课文语法填空
There are different opinions about 1. makes up a healthy diet.Some scientists have insisted that fatty food does harm to health.2. ， more evidence has been found that the real enemy of health is sugar, which 3. (consider) as a killer.
In our daily life, we get much of the extra sugar from sweets and sweet drinks.For instance, the average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.Too much sugar is threatening our health.4. (live) a healthy life, we have to cut down on desserts and sweet drinks altogether.
Apart from that, it is necessary to consume different 5. (category) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables，because they are full of vitamins and fibre.Meanwhile, 6. is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in our diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle 7. (grow)．In other words, we should have a 8. (balance) diet.
Last but not the least, we should eat slowly.9. (eat) slowly also allows our body to digest our food better, and will allow us to enjoy our food more.When we chew too quickly, it results in eating too much food and gaining weight, which is harmful to health.
To be on the road 10. good health, we must hold a healthy attitude towards food and develop good eating habits.
二.七选五
All of us know that a balanced diet strengthens the immune system. 1 ．The following strategies will help you to jump－start healthy eating habits.
Morning must－haves
Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that people who took daily breakfast were less likely to become obese (肥胖的) than those who skipped this meal.To enjoy the most benefits, researchers recommended eating wholegrain foods for breakfast as they are rich in fibre. 2 ．
Main meal wisdom
If you need to consume meat, choose fish instead of red meat.Studies have linked high consumption of red meat with cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer as well as heart disease mainly because red meat is very high in saturated fats (饱和脂肪)． 3 ．
Food preparation
4 ．As such, cooking methods such as steaming，baking, grilling, boiling or stir－frying are advised.
5
Some people like to eat a large meal after a hard day’s work.However, eating large meals late at night can cause indigestion that influences sleep.So it is a very good idea to have a low－calorie fibre drink just before leaving the office.It is not a good idea to regularly have a late－night meal as this could overburden the digestive system.
Remember, minor changes in our eating habits can lead to major changes in our health.
A．Light suppers
B．Fewer night snacks
C．Fish, in contrast, contains more heart－healthy fats
D．Drinking soymilk supplies the body with vegetable protein
E．Experts always suggest preparing food with as little oil as possible
F．But most of us fail to obtain adequate nutrients (营养)due to our disordered lifestyles
G．Fibre aids in lowering blood pressure, controlling appetite and keeping the heart healthy