【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高二寒假巩固提升训练 第06讲+完形填空+(知识讲解+名校新题练)-练习.zip

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概述
完形填空考查学生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇知识的能力。在一篇220-300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文，偶有议论文和说明文。记叙文以记叙为主，但一般会在文章结尾处有文章寓意等提升的议论色彩的文字。文章注重原汁原味，内容积极，贴近考生生活，传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。
二技巧点拨
通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意，重视首句，了解文章背景。找出文章中的时间，地点，人物，事件，起因，结果等线索，理清文章的脉络，弄清楚作者的写文章的思路和用意。
(一)利用首句信息，了解文章主旨
完形填空的文章第一句往往是文章的主题句，不设空。把握主题句对于全文的理解有很大帮助。例如：
1. Leaping n the narrw balance beam is nt easy. But Lla Walter,a 13-year-ld gymnast, is an expert at it.T perfect her skills, Lala _______ fr fur hurs a day , five days a week.At the date champinships in March, she finished seventh ut f 16 girls.
runs B. danced C. trained D. exercised
由But Lla Walter, a 13-year-ld gymnast, is an expert at it可知她是一名体操运动员，所以空格处应填trained训练，其他几项不符合语境。
(二)寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义。
完型填空主要考查对语境的理解，所以在做题时要把握全局，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来，不要就 空填空。要根据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选的题 通常在后文有暗示。
如果四个选项形式完全相同，选哪一个从句子结构，意思上，语法上都说得通，这时就需要注意上下文的语境，来区分，确定正确答案。
例如：
1. It runs in the ___1____. Michael’s father always helped the pr as he believed it made everyne happier. Machile Greenberg feels the same. A pair f glves may be a small thing, but it make a big difference in winter.
city B. family C. neighburhd D. cmpany
这是一道语境题，仅看第一个句子，四个选项都可以。但后文讲Michile 的父亲总是帮助穷人，因为他认为那会使每个人更快乐。Michile 感觉一样，所以通过父子两个人做同样的事，推断出应该是B.
(三)识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系
表示结构层次的语篇标志词有：firstly secndly, thirdly, finally 等。
表示逻辑关系的语篇标志词有：thus, therefre, s
表示改变话题的标志语有： by the way
表示递进关系的标志语有：besides, what’s mre, furthermre(而且)
表示转折关系的有：but,hwever, while, n the ther hand, althugh等。
表示事件关系的有：meanwhile, befre, when, until, later 等。
通过这些 语篇标志语，可以快速弄清楚上下文的关系，确定答案。
Fr thse peple, he is “Glves” Greenberg. Hw did he get that name? He lks like any ther businessman, wearing a suit carrying a briefcase .But he’s _______. His briefcase always has sme glves.
calm B. different C. crazy D. similar
由He lks like any ther businessman, wearing a suit carrying a briefcase(他看起来和任何其他商人一样，穿着西装，拿着公文包)But he’s_______,可知前后是对比关系，所以But后应该是“不同”，所以选B.
(四)利用原词复现，寻找近义词
完型填空试题中，有些词语本身或它的同义词重复出现在语篇中，因此可以通过上下文联系找到，确定答案。如：
1. He had the rare balance f fun and cmpassin. He wuld __1__ the ludest ver fun and be the saddest anyne’s __2__.
A. speak B. using C. questin D. laugh
A. misfrtune B. disbelief C. dishnesty D. mistake
根据第一个空后的fun，可知应用D；第二个空前面的saddest，可知应用A不幸的。相同意思复现。
(五)巧用背景常识，简化判断过程。
I said that I didn't knw hw t get back int twn. In silence he started driving.
I ran back t my car and drve behind him. Finally I recgnized a familiar street. As I turned t head hme, the car disappeared. Then I ___ my driveway when the warning light fr my gas tank turned n.
A. pulled intB. drve awayC. ran acrss D. funt ut
解析：影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的driveway的含义的理解driveay指的是the hard area r rad between y：ur huse and the street，(美)(从建筑物、车库等通至道路的)私用车道车道((英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pull int.正确答案为A
(六)注意固定搭配：固定搭配主要是指动词与介词、副词，名词、形容词后接介词，介词与名词构成的搭配。只需要广大考生在背诵单词的时候要掌握其常考搭配。
例1 In a significant tightening f legal cntrls ver the press, Lrd Irvine, the Lrd Chancellr, will intrduce a ___ bill that will prpse making payment t witnesses illegal. (2001)
A. sketch B. rughC. preliminary D. draft
解析：draft 常用于法律术语中，draft bill 意为草案，法案的意思，是习惯搭配。因此，D为正确答案。由此看见，本题并不难，关键在于我们是不是对这个短语了解。所以，需要同学们平时在常用搭配方面多些努力。

微技能(一) 利用关联词汇
关联词汇指某词以原词，同根词，同义词，近义词，上下义词，反义词等方式在语篇中复现。
例1. My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years. …Once, we ______ alng Chalk Creek.
A. campedB. drve C. walked D. cycled
解析： A。A. camped露营；B. drve 驾驶；C. walked散步，行走；D. cycled骑自行车。根据第一段中camping experiences，此处指作者一家有一次在Chalk Creek 露营。原词复现。
例2. Old and wise nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin (莽撞). “I have and I admit respnsibility fr my actins,” he said in the letter.
A. recveredB. retiredC. escapedD. matured
解析：D。A. recvered恢复，重新找到；B. retired 退休，退出；C. escaped 逃跑，避免，使忽略；D. matured成熟。上文Burchill将这件事归咎于自己年轻时的莽撞(indiscretin), 空格处用反义词成熟(mature)构成对比。chalk sth. up t sth.把某事归因于。
例3. The village lay near sme wetlands which became his secnd 41(hme). He learned the value and beauty f ________ there frm a very yung age.
A. nature B. yuth C. culture D. knwledge
解析：A。A. nature自然；B. yuth青春；C. culture文化；D. knwledge知识，了解。前文提到村庄靠近一些湿地, 他了解到那里自然的价值和美。nature是wetlands上义词。
微技能(二)利用逻辑推断
句内或句组间常见的逻辑关系有因果，转折，对比，递进，并列，条件，概括，结果和顺序等关系。
例1. It might sund like ne lng, expensive 42 (vacatin), but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel ________.
A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affrdable
解析： D。A. safe 安全的；B. busy 忙碌的；C. helpful 有帮助的；D. affrdable负担得起的。由but可知，此处应选择与expensive构成转折的词，affrdable符合语境。
例2. Wang, wh is ften in 53 (dangerus) situatin, is als a jud (柔道) master. “As lng as I get clse enugh, n criminal can ________ frm me,” he said.
A. separate B. recver C. escapeD. hear
解析：C。A. separate frm 与……分离；B. recver frm 从……恢复；C. escape frm 从……逃脱；D. hear frm 收到……的来信。根据空前王警官是柔道大师，以及足够靠近的条件得出结果，没有罪犯能够从他手中逃脱。
例3. What if later in 54 (life) they cme t a metaphrical (比喻的) dr, like an pprtunity f sme srt, and ________ pening the dr and taking the pprtunity, they just 56 (stare at) it…
A. by cmparisn with B. in additin t C. regardless f D. instead f
解析：D。A. by cmparisn with与……相比较; B. in additin t 除……以外(还)；C. regardless f 不管，不顾；D. instead f 而不是。后文提到他们“只是盯着看”与空后 “pening the dr and taking the pprtunity (打开门抓住机会)” 形成对比，instead f符合语境。
微技能(三)利用语境提示
语境既包括整个语篇的主旨也包括空格上下文较小语境的提示。
例1. I was ________ that ur 15-mnth-ld by wuld fall int the creek. I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt.
A. annyed B. surprised C. disappinted D. wrried
解析： D。A. annyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的，惊喜的；C. disappinted失望的；D. wrried担忧的。根据空后儿子只有15个月大以及将绳子系在他腰间这一做法可推断出我是担心孩子落水。wrried符合语境。
例2. Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ________. She and her husband have spent the last tw years travelling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre.
A. indrs B. nline C. single-handed D. full-time
解析： D。A. indrs 在室内；B. nline在网上；C. single-handed独自，单枪匹马地；D. full-time全日制，全部时间，全职。空后Jessica和她的丈夫在过去两年里环游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每一个地方停留。由此可知Jessica夫妇这两年全部的时间都在旅行。
例3. “I cme t yu, hat in hand, t aplgize fr the damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t ________ my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
A. replace B. remember C. recnsider D. renew
解析：C。A. replace代替，取代；B. remember记得；C. recnsider 重新考虑；D. renew更新；延长期限。从上文他道歉的态度可推断他希望酒店重新考虑对他入住酒店的禁令。
微技能(四)利用背景常识
背景常识包括相关话题的文化背景知识，科普常识以及生活常识。
例1. The ________ picked up and thunder rlled.
A. wind B. nise C. temperature D. speed
解析： A。A. wind风；B. nise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。依据上文暴风雨和下文雷声隆隆，结合常识，可知这里是风变大了。
例2. One afternn, while attempting t get int bed, she cllapsed (倒下) frm what was eventually discvered t be a heart attack. The cllapse was disastrus, ________ the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk.
A. assessing B. requiring C. frming D. prving
解析： B。A. assessing 评估，评定；B. requiring需要，要求；C. frming形成；D. prving证明。根据常识可知她因心脏病而跌倒，自然需要救治。
例3. 45 (Besides), the number f snakes had declined as well. He 46 (realized) that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the ________.
A. nise B. heat C. disease D. dust
解析：B。A. nise噪音；B. heat炎热；C. disease 疾病；D. dust灰尘。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。


完形填空
Passage 1
(2023上·山东青岛·高二青岛二中校考阶段练习)I had reached the age f twenty-eight. Still, I 1 whether the letter frm my past wuld make it t me, all these years later. It sunded ridiculus, but it was a 2 writing task when I was eighteen. The teacher cllected ur letters t ur future selves in self-addressed envelpes with stamps and prmised t 3 them ten years later. But since s much time had passed, wuld he even 4 ?
Thinking back n the 5 I recalled giving my future self sme advice. When yu’re eighteen years ld, twenty-eight seems like a 6 age, but I wasn’t feeling as mature as I believed my yunger self had 7 me t be.
When the letter finally reached me, I pened it 8 . It began, hw much d yu bet this letter will never get t yu? It cntinued t greet me casually as if we were having an IM (instant messaging) chat. As a senir in high schl, facing the 9 imprtant exams and cllege applicatin, my eighteen-year-ld self was s 10 ! She was apparently nt quite happy and hped I wuldn’t wrry s much in the future, and that I wuld live in the present and 11 my life!
12 t my belief, my eighteen-year-ld self did nt have any demands n me, expectatins I might have failed t meet. Instead, she wrte, “I’ll 13 whatever yu d. Even if yu are nt the ne I’m imagining nw, I’ll supprt yu, because maybe wh I’m imagining is smene else, but yu’re nt smene else — yu’re me.”
I was tuched, and tears came t my eyes at this 14 time. I had put a lt f pressure n myself t be the best versin f myself that I culd be. 15 , I came t realize what I wuld have accmplished in ten years wuld pale in cmparisn t hw feel and wh I’d be.
1. A. betB. believedC. cnsideredD. dubted
2. A. hpelessB. happyC. tughD. creative
3. A. writeB. crrectC. mailD. answer
4. A. calculateB. rememberC. understandD. explde
5. A. letterB. cmmentC. studyD. applicatin
6. A. prmisingB. grwn-upC. made-upD. happy
7. A. tldB. cnvincedC. encuragedD. expected
8. A. calmlyB. cautiuslyC. eagerlyD. naturally
9. A. appearingB. arisingC. apprachingD. apprving
10. A. depressedB. stressedC. carefreeD. ambitius
11. A. startB. valueC. enjyD. earn
12. A. StrangeB. CntraryC. SurprisedD. Superir
13. A. stand byB. stand withC. stand frD. stand against
14. A. self-acceptanceB. self-defenseC. self-cnfidenceD. self-cncern
15. A. BesidesB. TherefreC. HweverD. Then
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。18岁时，老师要求给十年后的自己写一封信提一些建议，十年后，作者收到自己的来信，感触颇深。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这么多年过去了，我仍然怀疑过去的那封信是否还能寄给我。A. bet打赌；B. believed相信；C. cnsidered考虑；D. dubted怀疑。根据下文“The teacher cllected ur letters t ur future selves in self-addressed envelpes with stamps and prmised t 3 them ten years later. But since s much time had passed, wuld he even 4 ?”可知，十年过去了，时间太久，作者怕老师把寄信这件事忘了，所以怀疑自己能不能收到信。故选D。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来很荒谬，但在我18岁的时候，这是一项充满想象力的写作任务。A. hpeless无望的；B. happy高兴的；C. tugh困难的；D. creative有想象力的。根据下文“The teacher cllected ur letters t ur future selves in self-addressed envelpes with stamps”可知，老师让学生给十年后的自己写信，并在十年后寄给他们，这是一项富有相象力和创造性的写作任务，故选D。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师把我们写给未来的自己的信装在一个贴有邮票的回邮信封里收好，并答应十年后寄出。A. write写；B. crrect改正；C. mail邮寄；D. answer回答。根据上文“The teacher cllected ur letters t ur future selves in self-addressed envelpes with stamps”可知，十年后，老师要把信邮寄给我们。故选C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这么长时间过去了，他还会记得吗?A. calculate计算；B. remember记得；C. understand理解；D. explde爆炸。根据上文“whether the letter frm my past wuld make it t me, all these years later.”作者的担心可知作者怕老师忘记，希望他仍然记得。故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想起那封信，我想起了给未来自己的一些建议。A. letter信；B. cmment评论；C. study学习；D. applicatin申请。上文“whether the letter frm my past”和“cllected ur letters”中反复提到letter，所以作者一直想的就是它。故选A。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你18岁的时候，28岁似乎是一个成熟的年龄，但28岁的我并没有感到像年轻时自己所期望的那样成熟。A. prmising有希望的；B. grwn-up成熟的；C. made-up制成的；D. happy高兴的。根据上文“When yu’re eighteen years ld, twenty-eight seems like...”和下文“I wasn’t feeling as mature as”可知，作者18岁时认为28岁是一个成熟的年龄。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你18岁的时候，28岁似乎是一个成熟的年龄，但28岁的我并没有感到像年轻时自己所期望的那样成熟。A. tld告诉；B. cnvinced说服；C. encuraged鼓励；D. expected期望。根据上文“When yu’re eighteen years ld, twenty-eight seems like...”可推知，18岁的作者认为28岁的自己会更成熟，结合句中“I wasn’t feeling as mature as...”可推知，到了28岁却发现自己并不像18岁期望的那样成熟。故选D。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我终于收到那封信时，我急切地打开了它。A. calmly平静地；B. cautiusly慎重地；C. eagerly急切地；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“When the letter finally reached me”可知作者对这封信盼望已久，所以收到后急切地打开。故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名高中生，面对即将到来的重要考试和大学申请，十八岁的我压力很大！A. appearing出现；B. arising出现；C. appraching临近，接近；D. apprving赞成。根据上文“a senir in high schl”和下文“imprtant exams and cllege applicatin”可知，大学入学考试即将到来；appraching在句中是现在分词作定语用法。故选C。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名高中生，面对即将到来的重要考试和大学申请，十八岁的我压力很大！A. depressed沮丧的；B. stressed紧张的，有压力的；C. carefree无忧无虑的；D. ambitius野心勃勃的。结合上文“imprtant exams and cllege applicatin”和下文“She was apparently nt quite happy”可知，18岁的作者面临大学入学考试和申请大学，所以很紧张，压力很大。故选B。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她显然不太高兴，希望我以后不要太担心，希望我不要忘记活在当下，享受生活！A. start开始；B. value重视，评价；C. enjy享受；D. earn挣得。根据上文“hped I wuldn’t wrry s much in the future, and that I wuld live in the present”可知，那时的自己希望将来的自己活在当下，享受生活。故选C。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与我的看法相反，十八岁的我对我没有任何要求，也没有任何我可能达不到的期望。A. Strange奇怪的；B. Cntrary相反的；C. Surprised感到惊讶的；D. Superir更好的。根据下文“my eighteen-year-ld self did nt have any demands n me, expectatins I might have failed t meet.”和最后一段中“I had put a lt f pressure n myself t be the best versin f myself”可知，18岁的作者与现在的作者对自己的要求不一样，两个阶段的作者有着相反的想法。故选B。
13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，她写道：“无论你做什么，我都会支持你。”A. stand by支持；B. stand with坚持；C. stand fr代表；D. stand against公开反对。根据上文“my eighteen-year-ld self did nt have any demands n me, expectatins I might have failed t meet”和下文“Even if yu are nt the ne I’m imagining nw, I’ll supprt yu”可知，18岁的作者对18岁的作者没有要求，会全力支持她。故选A。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被感动了，在这个自我接纳的时刻，我热泪盈眶。A. self-acceptance自我接纳；B. self-defense自卫；C. self-cnfidence自信；D. self-cncern自私自利。根据上文“I’ll 13 whatever yu d. Even if yu are nt the ne I’m imagining nw, I’ll supprt yu, because maybe wh I’m imagining is smene else, but yu’re nt smene else — yu’re me.”可知，这是18岁的作者对自己的接纳。故选A。
15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我开始意识到，与我现在的感受和我将成为的人相比，我十年所取得的成就显得微不足道。A. Besides而且；B. Therefre因此；C. Hwever然而；D. Then当时。根据上文“put a lt f pressure n myself t be the best versin f myself”和下文“I wuld have accmplished in ten years wuld pale in cmparisn t hw feel and wh I’d be”可知，作者一直尽力做到最好，想成为最好的自己，但现在意识到这十年的成就实际上是微不足道的，上下文之间是转折关系。故选C。
Passage 2
(2023上·广东江门·高二江门市第一中学校考阶段练习)I used t think my life was perfect. My mm had her dream jb and a beautiful ffice and I had my wn rm with a cmputer and a garden t 16 . But ne Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 17 ur neighbrhd while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was destryed, and ur clean and cmfrtable hme was in ruins.
But smething 18 happened. Our neighbrs, the Flres family, came t ur aid. They helped clear 19 pieces and ffered us a place t stay. Their 20 was mst impressive. We had never 21 spken t them befre, but they 22 their hme t us and made us feel like family.
We started a new 23 f having weekend dinner tgether. We invited ther families frm the neighbrhd t jin us, and ur 24 were filled with laughter and delicius fd. It was a beautiful thing t see ur 25 cme tgether in the wake f a disaster.
I 26 knew Rsica, their daughter, befre the hurricane. But she quickly became my 27 . She had a gift fr strytelling and ur evenings tgether were filled with adventure and laughter.
Lking back, I realize that the hurricane 28 unexpected benefit. It brught us clser t ur neighbrs and 29 ur lives in ways we never culd have imagined. Smetimes, it takes a(n) 30 t bring ut the best in peple.
16. A. tend tB. wrry abutC. dream fD. deal with
17. A. visitedB. skippedC. apprachedD. swept
18. A. invisibleB. unexpectedC. impssibleD. unlucky
19. A. invisibleB. hiddenC. brkenD. useful
20. A. beliefB. requestC. wealthD. kindness
21. A. reallyB. carefullyC. naturallyD. clearly
22. A. sldB. rentedC. shwedD. pened
23. A. businessB. prjectC. traditinD. life
24. A. reuninsB. gatheringsC. jurneysD. memries
25. A. familyB. vlunteersC. cmmunityD. supprters
26. A. snB. neverC. alreadyD. als
27. A. sisterB. friendC. studentD. classmate
28. A. brught abutB. resulted frmC. made up frD. gt away with
29. A. savedB. cntrlledC. enrichedD. recrded
30. A. instantB. effrtC. partyD. disaster
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家被飓风所摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起，作者感悟到一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。
16. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我妈妈有她梦寐以求的工作和一间漂亮的办公室，我有自己的房间，里面有电脑，也有花园可以照料。A. tend t照料；B. wrry abut担心；C. dream f梦想；D. deal with处理。根据空前“a garden t”可知，此处指的作者有一个花园要进行照料。故选A项。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们去罗利看望祖父母时，飓风席卷了我们的社区。A. visited访问；B. skipped跳过；C. apprached接近；D. swept(风浪等)席卷。根据下文“Our kitchen was destryed, and ur clean and cmfrtable hme was in ruins”可知，飓风席卷了我们的社区。故选D项。
18. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但意想不到的事情发生了。A. invisible看不见的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. impssible不可能的；D. unlucky不幸的。根据下文“They helped clear brken pieces and ffered us a place t stay.”以及后文“We had never ____21____ spken t them befre,”可知，此处指的是作者没有想到几乎从未说过话的邻居会来帮忙，所以是意想不到的事情。故选B项。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们帮我们清理碎片，并给我们提供了一个住宿的地方。A. invisible看不见的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. brken破损的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“Our kitchen was destryed, and ur clean and cmfrtable hme was in ruins.”以及空前“They helped clear”可知，我们的家遭到了破坏，所以邻居们前来清理一些碎片。故选C项。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的善良给人留下了深刻的印象。A. belief信念；B. request请求；C. wealth财富；D. kindness善良。根据上“They helped clear brken pieces and fered us a place t stay.”可知，看到几乎从未说过话的邻居竟然来帮忙，所以作者说邻居的善良让她印象深刻。故选D项。
21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们说过话，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们感觉像家人一样。A. really真地；B. carefully小心地；C. naturally自然地；D. clearly清楚地。根据后文“spken t them befre, but they ____22____ their hme t us and made us feel like family.”可知，此处指作者一家以前从未和邻居真正交谈过。故选A项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们说过话，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们感觉像家人一样。A. sld卖出；B. rented租；C. shwed显示；D. pened打开。根据上文“ffered us a place t stay”可知，邻居邀请我们去他家，所以是敞开家门。故选D项。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始了一起吃周末晚餐的新传统。A. business业务；B. prject项目；C. traditin传统；D. life生命。根据空前“We started a new”以及下文“We invited ther families frm the neighbrthd t jin us”可知，此处是新传统。故选C项。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，我们的聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。A. reunins团聚；B. gatherings聚会；C. jurneys行程；D. memries记忆。根据空前“We started a new____23____f having weekend dinner tgether. We invited ther families frm the neighbrhd t jin us,”可知，此处指的是作者一家和其他家庭在一起的聚会。故选B项。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一场灾难之后，看到我们的社区团结在一起是件美好的事情。A. family家庭；B. vlunteers志愿者；C. cmmunity社区；D. supprters支持者。根据下文“It brught us clser t ur neighbrs”可知，灾难之后邻居间更团结了。故选C项。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在飓风来临之前，我从来不认识他们的女儿罗西卡。A. sn很快；B. never从不；C. already已经；D. als同样。根据下文“knew Rsica, their daughter, befre the hurricane. But she quickly became my ____27____ .”可知，作者和邻居的女儿在飓风之前并不认识，but前后语意上为转折关系。故选B项。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她很快就成了我的朋友。A. sister姐妹；B. friend朋友；C. student学生；D. classmate同学。根据上文“I ____26____ knew Rsica, their daughter, befre the hurricane. But she quickly became my ____27____ .”可知，此处指的是原本不认识的邻居的女儿在飓风后成为了我的朋友，but前后语意上为转折关系。故选B项。
28. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：回过头来看，我意识到飓风带来了意想不到的好处。A. brught abut带来；B. resulted frm由……引起；C. made up fr弥补；D. gt away with逃避惩罚。根据后文“It brught us clser t ur neighbrs and ____29____ ur lives in ways we never culd have imagined.”可知，飓风拉近了我们与邻居的距离，以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活，所以作者说飓风带来了意想不到的好处。故选A项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它拉近了我们与邻居的距离，以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活。A. saved挽救；B. cntrlled控制；C. enriched丰富；D. recrded记录。根据上文“We invited ther families frm the neighbrhd t jin us, and ur ____24____ were filled with laughter and delicius fd.”以及“She had a gift fr strytelling and ur evenings tgether were filled with adventure and laughter.”可知，飓风丰富了人们的生活。故选C项。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，需要一场灾难才能让人们展现出最好的一面。A. instant瞬间；B. effrt努力；C. party派对；D. disaster灾难。根据上文“Lking back, I realize that the hurricane ____28____ unexpected benefit.”可知，此处指的是作者的亲身经历让她意识到一场灾难可以让人们展现出最好的一面。故选D项。
Passage 3
(2023上·广东肇庆·高二校考阶段练习)In junir high schl, I grew much taller than mst f my peers. Being s tall made me 31 . In rder t keep the fcus ff my unusual height, I wuld play practical jkes n ther kids at schl. Being ne f the class 32 gave me a way t think that the jkes were 33 at thers, and nt at me. I thught it was 34 , but it ended up that n ne thught it was — least f all my father.
My parents always reminded me t treat thers as I wuld like t be treated. Many times, I was 35 fr the hurtful way I was treating thers. What I was ding was hurting ther kids, and 36 hurting my reputatin. My friends were 37 me because I was tall, but what did they see?
My parents wanted me t be a leader wh was a gd 38 t thers. They taught me t set my wn 39 , and t d the best at everything. During the 40 I gt frm my father, he tld me t be a big man in my heart and 41 , as well as in my bdy. I had t 42 myself whether it was imprtant t be the kind f persn my father believed I was inside. I knew in my heart that he was right. S I tried my best t 43 my father’s advice.
Once I 44 being the best that I culd be, I tk my 45 t set a gd example mre seriusly.
31. A. prudB. uncmfrtableC. happyD. afraid
32. A. clwnsB. tpsC. leadersD. judges
33. A. develpedB. discussedC. directedD. applied
34. A. funnyB. creativeC. meaningfulD. imaginative
35. A. preventedB. rderedC. praisedD. disciplined
36. A. with respectB. in turnC. in vainD. with dubt
37. A. laughing atB. learning frmC. running away frmD. lking up t
38. A. challengeB. teacherC. exampleD. surce
39. A. galsB. hmeC. thughtD. hnr
40. A. giftsB. lecturesC. cmplaintsD. tests
41. A. actinsB. dreamsC. methdsD. directins
42. A. acceptB. cntrlC. blameD. questin
43. A. ignreB. fllwC. frgetD. refuse
44. A. fcused nB. came acrssC. hesitated abutD. waited fr
45. A. respnsibilityB. jbC. achievementD. arrangement
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者上高中的时候特别在意朋友的看法。那时候作者长的比同龄人高很多，这让他很不自在，为了转移他人的注意力，他开始跟一些人一起捉弄别的同学，作者的父母教育作者要树立一个好榜样，成为善良的人。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这么高让我很不舒服。A. prud骄傲的；B. uncmfrtable不安的；C. happy快乐的；D. afraid害怕的。根据后文“In rder t keep the fcus ff my unusual height, I wuld play practical jkes n ther kids at schl.(为了不让别人注意到我不寻常的身高，我会在学校里和其他孩子开玩笑)”可知，长得高让作者不舒服。故选B。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为班上的小丑之一，我认为那些笑话是针对别人的，而不是针对我的。A. clwns小丑；B. tps顶部；C. leaders领导；D. judges裁判。根据上文“I wuld play practical jkes n ther kids at schl.”可知，作者爱开玩笑，认为自己像小丑。故选A。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为班上的小丑之一，我认为那些笑话是针对别人的，而不是针对我的。A. develped发展；B. discussed讨论；C. directed针对；D. applied应用。根据上文“I wuld play practical jkes n ther kids at schl.”可知，此处指笑话针对的是别人，不是自己。故选C。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为这很有趣，但结果没人这么认为——尤其是我父亲。A. funny有趣的；B. creative创造性的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. imaginative想象力丰富的。上文提到作者爱开玩笑，自认为这些玩笑很有趣。故选A。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我因为伤害别人的方式而受到惩罚。A. prevented阻止；B. rdered命令；C. praised赞美；D. disciplined惩罚。根据后文“fr the hurtful way I was treating thers”可知，作者因为伤害别人的方式而受到惩罚。故选D。
36. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我所做的伤害了其他孩子，反过来也伤害了我的声誉。A. with respect尊敬地；B. in turn反过来；C. in vain徒劳地；D. with dubt怀疑地。根据后文“hurting my reputatin”可知，作者伤害了别的孩子，反过来了伤害了自己的名誉。故选B。
37. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的朋友们因为我高而仰望我，但是他们看到了什么？A. laughing at嘲笑；B. learning frm学习；C. running away frm逃离；D. lking up t仰望。根据后文“me because I was tall”可知，朋友只是因为作者长得高而仰望作者。故选D。
38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母想让我成为一个领导者，给别人树立一个好榜样。A. challenge挑战；B. teacher老师；C. example榜样；D. surce来源。根据上文“My parents wanted me t be a leader”可知，成为领导者就是要树立好榜样。后文“t set a gd example mre seriusly”也是提示。故选C。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们教我如何设定自己的目标，并把每件事都做到最好。A. gals目标；B. hme家；C. thught想法；D. hnr荣誉。根据上文“They taught me t set my wn”可知，此处指设定目标，应用set gals。故选A。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我从父亲那里得到的教训中，他告诉我在我的内心和行动上都要做一个大人物，就像在我的身体上一样。A. gifts礼物；B. lectures教训；C. cmplaints投诉；D. tests测试。根据后文“I gt frm my father”以及上文父母教育作者要树立一个好榜样可知，此处指从父亲那里得到教训。故选B。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我从父亲那里得到的教训中，他告诉我在我的内心和行动上都要做一个大人物，就像在我的身体上一样。A. actins行动；B. dreams梦想；C. methds方法；D. directins方向。根据后文“he tld me t be a big man in my heart and”可知，此处指从内心和行动都要做一个大人物，即言行一致。故选A。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不问自己，做一个我父亲相信的那种人是否很重要。A. accept接受；B. cntrl控制；C. blame责备；D. questin质问。根据后文“whether it was imprtant t be the kind f persn my father believed I was inside”可知，作者内心存在怀疑，问自己，做一个我父亲相信的那种人是否很重要。故选D。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我尽我最大的努力去遵循我父亲的建议。A. ignre忽视；B. fllw遵循；C. frget忘记；D. refuse拒绝。根据后文“my father’s advice”可知，此处指遵循父亲的建议。故选B。
44. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦我专注于尽我所能做到最好，我就会更认真地承担起树立好榜样的责任。A. fcused n集中于；B. came acrss偶遇；C. hesitated abut犹豫；D. waited fr等待。根据后文“being the best that I culd be”可知，此处指作者专注于尽自己所能做到最好。故选A。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我专注于尽我所能做到最好，我就会更认真地承担起树立好榜样的责任。A. respnsibility责任；B. jb工作；C. achievement成就；D. arrangement安排。根据后文“t set a gd example mre seriusly”可知，作者遵循建议，负起责任，认真树立榜样。故选A。
Passage 4
(2023上·湖北·高二校联考阶段练习)As I grew up, my grandma, wuld say things such as: “that is nt a ladylike way t sit”, r “that is nt a wrd that ladies use”. My grandma is ne f the mst 46 wmen that I knw. I 47 t be half the persn she is.
I have always cnsidered myself a “lady”. I dress 48 . I pay clse attentin t my manners. I smile at strangers, ffer my seat t the elderly, and hld the dr 49 fr the persn behind me. Hwever, I recently met a wman in passing that made me 50 what I have been taught fr the last 21 years. The cnversatin we had was abut “girls these days” and hw they differ frm the way girls were in the past. She said that there was a big 51 between a “lady” and a “wman”. I lked at her curiusly.
“A real lady des nt give her pinins r feelings, while thse wh d are wmen. And wmen these days cnstantly make the 52 f ffering their pinins, and feelings, and talking ut f turn.” I smiled at her plitely, wished her a pleasant evening, and we 53 ways.
54 mst cnversatins ne wuld have with a stranger, this ne stuck with me. It turns ut that I am nt a “lady”. But I have 55 that truth with my whle heart. I take great pride in my pinins, my brain, and the bravery in which I can 56 myself and the things that I believe in. I am this way, because I am a yung 57 f my grandma. And I knw that she wuld swear that she is “ladylike”. But, in reality, she is a strng, independent and smart wman.
With this, I wuld like t 58 yung wmen that it is 59 t vice yur pinins, embrace yur beliefs, and be independent. Thrughut yur life, if smene cmes alng and 60 yur vice, makes yur pinins feel wrng, r take n ntice f yur feelings: smile, nd plitely, and keep ding what yu were ding anyway.
46. A. utgingB. genuineC. humrusD. creative
47. A. achieveB. aidC. affrdD. attempt
48. A. fashinablyB. casuallyC. apprpriatelyD. luxuriusly
49. A. clsedB. tightC. wideD. pen
50. A. cnfirmB. questinC. clarifyD. psitin
51. A. issueB. distanceC. cnflictD. difference
52. A. mistakeB. assumptinC. decisinD. adjustment
53. A. dividedB. exchangedC. partedD. classified
54. A. Identical tB. Oppsite tC. Senir tD. Junir t
55. A. embracedB. declinedC. expandedD. denied
56. A. watch ut frB. make way frC. reach ut frD. stand up fr
57. A. mdelB. versinC. scriptD. assistant
58. A. accuseB. cnvinceC. infrmD. suspect
59. A. prperB. passiveC. cnventinalD. cntradictry
60. A. slwsB. smthesC. quietsD. upsets
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
56. D 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小被奶奶教育要成为一名淑女，自己也一直按照那样的方式去做一名淑女。有一天在和一位女士交谈后，作者对她的观点深感困惑，但是依然礼貌端庄地给予回应。作者认为说出自己的观点，接受自己的信仰，保持独立也是淑女的正确行为。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我奶奶是我认识的最为真正的女性之一。A. utging外向的；B. genuine真正的；C. humrus幽默的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文“As I grew up, my grandma, wuld say things such as: “that is nt a ladylike way t sit”, r “that is nt a wrd that ladies use”.”可知，奶奶谆谆教诲作者要成为一名真正的淑女，由此推之，奶奶本身是一名淑女，是最为真正的女性之一。故选B。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尝试成为与她有一半相似的人。A. achieve实现；B. aid援助；C. affrd承担得起；D. attempt尝试。根据下文“t be half the persn she is”可推知，attempt“尝试”符合语境，attempt t d sth.意为“尝试做某事”，表示作者想成为奶奶那样的人，尝试做到她一半的程度。故选D。
48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我穿着得体。A. fashinably时尚地；B. casually随意地；C. apprpriately恰当地；D. luxuriusly豪华地。根据上文“I have always cnsidered myself a “lady”.”可知，作者认为自己是淑女，因此会穿着得体。故选C。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对陌生人微笑，给老人让座，为后面的人开门。A. clsed关闭的；B. tight紧的；C. wide宽的；D. pen开着的。根据上文“I pay clse attentin t my manners.”可知，作者非常注意自己的举止，因此会为后面的人开门，体现礼仪和友善。故选D。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我最近遇到了一位女士，她让我对过去21年里我所接受的教育产生了质疑。A. cnfirm确认；B. questin质疑；C. clarify澄清；D. psitin安置。根据下文“I lked at her curiusly.”可知，作者听完这位女士的话后很疑惑，因此是对之前所接受的教育产生了质疑。故选B。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说“女士”和“女人”之间有很大的区别。A. issue问题；B. distance距离；C. cnflict冲突；D. difference区别。根据下文“A real lady des nt give her pinins r feelings, while thse wh d are wmen.”可知，这位女士认为淑女和女人之间存在着区别。故选D。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在的女人经常犯这样的错误：说出自己的观点和感受，说话不合时宜。A. mistake错误；B. assumptin假设；C. decisin决定；D. adjustment调整。根据上文“A real lady des nt give her pinins r feelings, while thse wh d are wmen.”可知，这位女士认为那些说出意见或感情的女人并非真正的淑女，因此她们是犯了这样的错误。故选A。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我礼貌地对她笑了笑，祝她度过一个愉快的夜晚，然后我们分别了。A. divided分开；B. exchanged交换；C. parted分别；D. classified分类。根据上文“Hwever, I recently met a wman in passing”可知，两人是偶然遇到的，因此谈话结束后就分别了，part ways意为“分别，分道扬镳”。故选C。
54. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：与大多数与陌生人的对话相反，这句话让我难以忘怀。A. Identical t与……相同；B. Oppsite t与……相反；C. Senir t高于；D. Junir t低于。根据下文“mst cnversatins ne wuld have with a stranger, this ne stuck with me”和常识可推知，通常情况下，与陌生人的谈话不会对我们自己产生震动，但作者却对此难以忘怀，因此是与大多数这样的对话相反。故选B。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我全心全意地接受了这个事实。A. embraced接受；B. declined拒绝；C. expanded扩张；D. denied否认。根据上文“It turns ut that I am nt a “lady”.”和“But”可知，此处有转折，虽然按照这位女士的理解，作者并非淑女，但是作者接受了这个事实。故选A。
56. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我为我的观点、我的头脑以及维护自己和我所信仰的事物的勇气感到非常自豪。A. watch ut fr注意；B. make way fr让路；C. reach ut fr伸手去够；D. stand up fr维护。根据上文“the bravery”和下文“myself and the things that I believe in”可推知，此处表示维护自己和自己所信仰的事物的勇气。故选D。
57. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是这样的，因为我是我奶奶的年轻版本。A. mdel模型；B. versin版本；C. script剧本；D. assistant助手。根据下文“And I knw that she wuld swear that she is “ladylike”.”可知，奶奶坚定地认为自己是淑女，因此作者是奶奶的年轻版本，同样坚定地坚持自己的想法。故选B。
58. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这个，我想说服年轻女性，说出自己的观点，接受自己的信仰，保持独立是正确的。A. accuse指责；B. cnvince说服；C. infrm通知；D. suspect怀疑。根据下文“smile, nd plitely, and keep ding what yu were ding anyway”可知，作者是在给年轻女性建议，想说服她们这样的做法是正确的。故选B。
59. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过这个，我想说服年轻女性，说出自己的观点，接受自己的信仰，保持独立是正确的。A. prper正确的；B. passive被动的；C. cnventinal传统的；D. cntradictry矛盾的。根据上文“I take great pride in my pinins, my brain, and the bravery in which I can ____56____ myself and the things that I believe in.”可知，作者为这样的做法感到自豪，因此是认为这样做是正确的。故选A。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在你的生活中，如果有人走过来让你安静，让你觉得你的观点不对，或者不注意你的感受，微笑，礼貌地点点头，然后继续做你正在做的事情。A. slws使减速；B. smthes使平滑；C. quiets使安静；D. upsets打翻。根据下文“yur vice”可推知，此处表示让你安静。故选C。
Passage 5
(2023上·湖南张家界·高二张家界市民族中学校考阶段练习)Eight years ag, I determined t start my first jb—training hrses in different cuntries. Nw here I am, my cnnectin with hrses have taught me a lt. Let me share tw 61 with yu.
We can manage 62 thrugh cultural sharing cnnectin. Hrse riding is the nly sprt in the Olympics where men and wmen 63 equally. In India, as the nly wman 64 in the riding club, I had t teach sme uneducated males wh had a 65 understanding f hrsemanship (马术). Peple believe hrse riding is a man's sprt. As a wman, I had t 66 my right. I ften trained difficult t ride hrses as well as 67 the entire riding club. I wrked hard, eventually 68 ver thse men, wh were eager t learn hrsemanship training techniques.
The secnd lessn is that we are never t ld t learn. Riding can be learned at any 69 . My husband, Christian, had never ridden a hrse befre but had always 70 it. When mving t England, we invested (投资) in a yung hrse named Lilly, as a 71 prject. At the age f 30, my husband started t learn hrse riding, and nw, the tw can't be 72 . Lilly fllws him everywhere. Christian finally realized his dream.
I never realized hw many drs f 73 that hrses wuld pen up fr me. Because f hrses, I 74 the wrld, I help thers, and I've watched them heal(治愈) suls and 75 with peple.
61. A. resultsB. striesC. lessnsD. rides
62. A. skillB. equalityC. apprachD. management
63. A. cmpeteB. wanderC. learnD. wrk
64. A. exercisingB. survivingC. playingD. wrking
65. A. deepB. prperC. limitedD. sufficient
66. A. fight frB. give upC. carry utD. set aside
67. A. wnedB. ranC. startedD. frmed
68. A. tkB. turnedC. gtD. wn
69. A. cuntryB. placeC. settingD. age
70. A. dreamed fB. bjected tC. participated inD. cared fr
71. A. raceB. trainingC. teamD. presentatin
72. A. separatedB. cnnectedC. cmbinedD. defended
73. A. studyB. ideaC. hpeD. pprtunity
74. A. damageB. influenceC. travelD. shape
75. A. cperateB. struggleC. bndD. talk
【答案】61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. D 70. A
71. B 72. A 73. D 74. C 75. C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了八年前，作者决定开始自己的第一份工作——在不同国家训练马匹。通过与马的联系，作者学到了很多。作者分享了自己总结出的两个经验：第一个是通过文化分享联系可以处理困难；第二个是活到老学到老，马术可以在任何年龄学习。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想和大家分享两点经验。A. results结果；B. stries故事；C. lessns经验；教训；D. rides车程。根据“my cnnectin with hrses have taught me a lt.”(我与马的联系教会了我很多。)以及后文“The secnd lessn is that we are never t ld t learn.”(第二个教训是，活到老学到老。)可知，作者和马的关系教会了作者很多，因此作者要和大家分享两点经验。故选C。
62. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以通过文化分享的联系来实现平等。A. skill技能；B. equality平等；C. apprach方法；D. management管理。根据前文“I determined t start my first jb—training hrses in different cuntries.”(我决定开始我的第一份工作——到不同的国家训练马匹。)以及“Hrse riding is the nly sprt in the Olympics where men and wmen ____63____ equally.”(马术是奥运会上唯一男女平等竞争的项目。)以及后文的“In India, as the nly wman ____64____ in the riding club, I had t teach sme uneducated males wh had a ____65____ understanding f hrsemanship.”(在印度，作为唯一一个在马术俱乐部工作的女性，我不得不教一些没有受过教育的男性，他们对马术的理解有限。)可知，作者在不同的国家训练马匹，同时马术是奥运会上唯一男女平等的项目，作者在印度一个马术俱乐部教授男子骑马的文化交流中，实现了性别平等。故选B。
63. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：马术是奥运会上唯一男女平等竞争的项目。A. cmpete竞争；B. wander漫步；C. learn学习；D. wrk工作。根据“Hrse riding is the nly sprt in the Olympics where men and wmen 63 equally.”(马术是奥运会上唯一男女平等的项目。)可知，奥运会是竞争性的运动盛事，因此马术是奥运会上唯一男女平等竞争的项目。故选A。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在印度，作为唯一一个在马术俱乐部工作的女性，我不得不教一些没有受过教育的男性，他们对马术的理解有限。A. exercising锻炼；B. surviving生存；C. playing玩；D. wrking工作。根据前文“I determined t start my first jb—training hrses in different cuntries.”(我决定开始我的第一份工作——到不同的国家训练马匹。)可知，作者的工作是在不同国家训练马匹教授骑马，因此此处表示作者是唯一一个在马术俱乐部工作的女性。故选D。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在印度，作为唯一一个在马术俱乐部工作的女性，我不得不教一些没有受过教育的男性，他们对马术的理解有限。A. deep深的；B. prper适当的；C. limited有限的；D. sufficient足够的。根据前文“teach sme uneducated males”(我不得不教一些没有受过教育的男性)可知，作者不得不教一些没有受过教育的男性，因为他们对马术的理解有限。故选C。
66. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个女人，我必须为自己的权利而战。A. fight fr为……而战；B. give up放弃；C. carry ut执行；D. set aside搁置。根据前文的“Peple believe hrse riding is a man’s sprt.”(人们认为骑马是男人的运动。)可知，人们认为骑马是男性的运动，作者作为一名女性，不得不为自己的权利而战。故选A。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常训练难骑的马，并负责整个骑术俱乐部的管理。A. wned拥有；B. ran管理；C. started开始；D. frmed形成。根据前文可知，作者在这个俱乐部工作，结合“the entire riding club”(整个俱乐部)可知，作者还需要管理整个马术俱乐部。故选B。
68. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我努力工作，最终赢得了那些渴望学习马术训练技巧的人的支持。A. tk拿走；B. turned转向；C. gt得到；D. wn赢得。根据前文“I wrked hard”(我工作得十分努力)可知，作者工作努力，最终赢得了那些渴望学习马术训练技巧的人的支持。故选D。
69. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：骑术可以在任何年龄学习。A. cuntry国家；B. place地方；C. setting背景；D. age年龄。根据前文“The secnd lessn is that we are never t ld t learn.”(第二个教训就是活到老学到老。)可知，作者第二个分享的教训是“活到老学到老”，因此作者认为任何年龄的人都可以骑马。故选D。
70. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的丈夫克里斯蒂安以前从未骑过马，但他一直梦想着骑马。A. dreamed f梦想；B. bjected t反对；C. participated in参与；D. cared fr照顾。根据前文“My husband, Christian, had never ridden a hrse befre”(我的丈夫克里斯蒂安以前从未骑过马)以及后文的“Christian finally realized his dream.”(克里斯蒂安终于实现了他的梦想。)可知，作者的丈夫虽然从未骑过马，但是却一直梦想着骑马，前后构成转折关系。故选A。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：搬到英国后，我们投资(购买)了一匹名叫莉莉的小马，作为一个训练项目。A. race比赛；B. training训练；C. team团队；D. presentatin演讲。根据“we invested in a yung hrse named Lilly”(我们投资了一匹名叫莉莉的小马)和“my husband started t learn hrse riding”(我的丈夫开始学习骑马)可知，作者和丈夫购买了一匹小马，以用作为训练的项目。故选B。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：30岁的时候，我的丈夫开始学习骑马，现在，这两个已经分不开了。A. separated分离；B. cnnected连接；C. cmbined结合；D. defended辩护。根据“Lilly fllws him everywhere.”(莉莉到哪里都跟着他。)可知，莉莉到哪里都跟着丈夫，因此作者的丈夫和小马莉莉已经分不开了。故选A。
73. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有意识到马会为我打开这么多的机会之门。A. study学习；B. idea想法；C. hpe希望；D. pprtunity机会。根据后文“Because f hrses, I ____74____ the wrld, I help thers, and I’ve watched them heal suls and ____75____ with peple.”(因为马，我周游世界，我帮助别人，我看到它们治愈许多灵魂，与人建立联系。)可知，因为马，作者周游世界，帮助别人，看到马治愈人的灵魂，与人建立了联系，这些都是马为作者打开机会之门。故选D。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为马，我周游世界，我帮助别人，我看到它们治愈许多灵魂，与人建立联系。A. damage损坏；B. influence影响；C. travel旅游；D. shape塑造。根据第一段的“training hrses in different cuntries”(在不同的国家训练马)可知，因为训练马作者周游世界。故选C。
75. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为马，我周游世界，我帮助别人，我看到它们治愈许多灵魂，与人建立联系。A cperate合作；B struggle奋斗；C bnd联系；D talk交谈。根据段首“Nw here I am, my cnnectin with hrses have taught me a lt.”(现在我在这里，我与马的联系教会了我很多。)可知，作者看到了马治愈了人类的灵魂，与人类建立了联系。故选C。
Passage 6
(2023上·湖北宜昌·高二校联考阶段练习)My daughter Emma cmplained I always gt mad at her. I had t admit I’ve been 76 t every little prblem. I culdn’t help lking n the dark side. The dctr said I was 77 . I had t find sme way t get ut f this 78 f negativity.
Sn after, a friend shwed me his macr lens(微距镜头), which he 79 t his smartphne t take extremely clse-up phtgraphs. His phts made very small subjects lk larger than life. I was attracted t it immediately
I gt ne fr myself. I headed ut int the yard. I sptted a butterfly. Thrugh my new lens, I culd see hw it changed its clr, depending n the 80 f light. Every day I went t the yard t lk fr smething interesting t phtgraph. Sme insects flew away as sn as I 81 them, s I trained myself t slw my breathing and relax my bdy. Anything bthering me wuld 82 . Lking thrugh my macr lens tk me t amazing things I had walked past withut 83 I’d capture a leaf, and a spider. Fcusing my energy and lens n smething s small brught me the 84 I’d never felt.
Macrphtgraphy became my 85 . It als went int ther parts f my life. One day when Emma displeased me, I tk deep breaths. Then I 86 explained why her behavir 87 me.
I’ve made peace with depressin after I discvered macrphtgraphy. I can 88 darker days nw. I can feel my anger r sadness, and then find a way ut. It takes 89 and shadw t make an interesting phtgraph. I think the same is 90 f life.
76. A. verreactingB. verladingC. verlkingD. verwrking
77. A. cnservativeB. depressedC. cnfusedD. mtivated
78. A. sideB. peridC. cycleD. access
79. A. appintedB. selectedC. attachedD. attracted
80. A. lengthB. temperatureC. timeD. angle
81. A. apprachedB. cllectedC. caughtD. exhibited
82. A. break upB. stick utC. fade awayD. hld n
83. A. greetingB. remarkingC. regrettingD. nticing.
84. A. respectB. peaceC. pwerD. guidance
85. A. wrkB. utletC. utcmeD. result
86. A. calmlyB. graduallyC. eventuallyD. frequently
87. A. tuchedB. seizedC. interruptedD. bthered
88. A. imagineB. praiseC. faceD. frget
89. A. patienceB. clurC. lightD. mney
90. A. trueB. preciusC. fairD. critical
【答案】76. A 77. B 78. C 79. C 80. D 81. A 82. C 83. D 84. B 85. B
86. A 87. D 88. C 89. C 90. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者之前患有抑郁症，总是看到生活中令人不快的一面。通过微距摄影，作者摆脱了消极的循环，对生活有了新的认识。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不承认，我对每一个小问题都反应过度。A. verreacting 反应过度；B. verlading 超载；C. verlking 忽视；俯瞰；D. verwrking 过度劳累。根据上文“I always gt mad at her”以及下文“every little prblem”可知，作者的女儿Emma抱怨作者总是对小问题做出过度反应。故选A。
77. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生说我抑郁了，我必须想办法摆脱这种消极的循环。A. cnservative保守的；B. depressed抑郁的；C. cnfused困惑的；D. mtivated有动机的。根据最后一段 “I’ve made peace with depressin after I discvered macrphtgraphy.”可知，医生诊断作者得了抑郁症。故选B。
78. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. side侧面；一边；B. perid时期；C. cycle循环；D. access通道；入口。根据上文“The dctr said I was___77___.”可知，作者得了抑郁症，所以需要解决这个恶性循环。故选C。
79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，一位朋友给我看了他的微距镜头，他把它挂在智能手机上，用来拍摄特写照片。A. appinted任命；委派；B. selected挑选；C. attached系；附；D. attracted吸引。根据常识可知，微距镜头需要附在手机上。故选C。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过我的新镜头，我可以看到它是如何根据光线的角度而改变颜色的。A. length长度；B. temperature温度；C. time时间；D. angle角度。根据上文“it changed its clr”可知，蝴蝶的颜色改变是在不同角度的光线下发生的。故选D。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些昆虫一靠近就飞走了，所以我训练自己放慢呼吸，放松身体。A. apprached接近；B. cllected收集；C. caught抓住；D. exhibited展览；展示。根据上文“Sme insects flew away”以及下“s I trained myself t slw my breathing and relax my bdy”可知，作者拍摄需要靠近蝴蝶时，蝴蝶就飞走了，所以作者需要训练自己放慢呼吸和放轻松身体。故选A。
82. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：任何困扰我的事情都会烟消云散。A. break up打碎；分裂；B. stick ut探出；显眼；C. fade away消失；D. hld n坚持。根据下文“I’ve made peace with depressin after I discvered macrphtgraphy.”可知，困扰作者的事情都消失了。故选C。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：透过微距镜头，我看到了我走过时没有注意到的令人惊叹的东西。A. greeting问候；B. remarking评论；C. regretting后悔；D. nticing注意。根据上文“I culdn’t help lking n the dark side.”可知，作者之前总是看到生活中令人不快的一面，所以忽视了生活中的美好。透过微距镜头，作者看到了自己未曾注意到的美好的事物。故选D。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把我的精力和镜头集中在这么小的事情上给我带来了从未有过的平静。A. respect尊重；B. peace平静；C. pwer力量；D. guidance指导。根据下文“I’ve made peace with depressin after I discvered macrphtgraphy.”可知，作者找到了从未有过的平静。peace一词是原词复现。故选B。
85. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：微距摄影成了我的情绪出口。A. wrk工作；B. utlet出口； 感情、思想、精力发泄的出路 ；C. utcme后果；D. result结果。根据上文“I had t find sme way t get ut f this___78___ f negativity.”和下文“I can feel my anger r sadness, and then find a way ut.”可知，微距摄影成了作者的情绪出口。故选B。
86. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我平静地解释了为什么她的行为困扰着我。A. calmly冷静地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. eventually最后；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“I tk deep breaths”可知，作者能够平静地对女儿做出解释。故选A。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. tuched打动；触摸；B. seized抓住；C. interrupted打扰；D. bthered困扰。根据上文“Emma displeased me”以及“Anything bthering me wuld ___82___.”可知，此处指她的行为困扰着我。故选D。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在可以面对黑暗的日子了。A. imagine想象；B. praise称赞；C. face面对；D. frget忘记。根据下文“I can feel my anger r sadness, and then find a way ut.”可知，作者说自己能感觉到愤怒或悲伤，然后找到解决的方法，所以作者可以面对更令人不快的日子。故选C。
89. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：拍摄一张有趣的照片需要光和影。A. patience耐心；B. clur颜色；C. light光；D. mney金钱。根据上文“the angle f light”以及下文“shadw”可知，要拍出有趣的照片需要光和影。故选C。
90. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为生活也是如此。A. true真正的；确实的；B. precius珍贵的；C. fair公平的；D. critical批判的。根据上文“It takes ___89___ and shadw t make an interesting phtgraph.”可知，作者认为生活也是如此(有光明的一面，即光，也有黑暗的一面，即影)。故选A。
Passage 7
(2023上·广东东莞·高二校考阶段练习)I live in San Luis Obisp, Califrnia, abut fur miles frm the beach. Every few years, the whales cme int the bay fr a few days. In Nvember 2020, the whales were arund, s I 91 my yellw bat t watch the wildlife. At the time, I 92 my friend Liz Cttriel if she wanted t watch them.
“N way,” she said. She’s 93 f whales, and was terrified that the bat wuld verturn while we were in it. I 94 her that the bat was super stable. Finally I gt her t 95 t jin me.
It was warm fr Nvember, s we wre T-shirts and leggings(紧身裤). Fr the first half-hur, we didn’t see anything. Then I 96 tw pairs f whales swimming tward us.
When whales g dwn after breaching(跃出水面), they 97 what lks like an il slick(浮油) n the water. I figured if we mved tward that spt, we’d be 98 frm the whales, since they’d just left. We fllwed them at a distance. I later fund ut that it’s 99 that we keep 90 meters away. We were prbably mre like 18 meters away.
All f a sudden, a large grup f fish started 100 ut f the water int ur bat. At that mment, I knew we were t 101 . I was terrified. Then I felt the bat lift ut f the water. What I didn’t realise at the time was that Liz and I were in a whale’s 102 .
Whales have enrmus muths but 103 thrats. Anything they can’t swallw, they spit ut. We were wearing life jackets, and sn we bth ppped up ut f the water. The entire experience 104 nly ten secnds, but t me it felt like an eternity(永恒).
There’s n way I’m getting that clse t whales again. I want t 105 their space. I’m nw very aware f the pwer f nature and the cean.
91. A. tk utB. tk awayC. tk upD. tk dwn
92. A. reprtedB. persuadedC. askedD. infrmed
93. A. fndB. awareC. scaredD. ashamed
94. A. annuncedB. prmisedC. blamedD. cheated
95. A. failB. tendC. pretendD. agree
96. A. rescuedB. imaginedC. attractedD. nticed
97. A. stayB. leaveC. escapeD. pass
98. A. tiredB. separateC. safeD. absent
99. A. believedB. acceptedC. estimatedD. suggested
100. A. swimmingB. lkingC. jumpingD. grwing
101. A. clseB. luckyC. heavyD. quick
102. A. muthB. stmachC. backD. hand
103. A. tinyB. lngC. sftD. huge
104. A. achievedB. gainedC. happenedD. lasted
105. A. cntrlB. respectC. recgnizeD. share
【答案】91. A 92. C 93. C 94. B 95. D 96. D 97. B 98. C 99. D 100. C
101. A 102. A 103. A 104. D 105. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和同伴幸免于被鲸鱼吞食的经历。
91. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2020年11月，鲸鱼在附近，所以我拿出我们的黄色双人皮艇去看这种野生动物。A. tk ut拿出；B. tk away拿走；C. tk up占据；D. tk dwn取下。根据下文“t watch the wildlife”可知，作者拿出皮划艇，乘坐它去看鲸鱼。出发去看鲸鱼。故选A。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我问我的朋友莉兹·科特特里尔是否想看。A. reprted报告；B. persuaded说服；C. asked问；要求；D. infrmed告知。根据“if she wanted t watch them”可知，作者询问朋友Liz是否一起去看鲸鱼。故选C。
93. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们怀着尊敬的心情观看：能如此接近这么巨大的生物是一种奇妙的感觉。A. fnd喜欢的；B. aware获悉的；C. scared害怕的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据前文““N way,” she said.”和下文“and was terrified that the bat wuld verturn while we were in it.”可知，Liz不愿意去看鲸鱼，因此推动她害怕鲸鱼。故选C。
94. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她船非常稳定。A. annunced告知；B. prmised许诺；C. blamed责备；D. cheated欺骗；作弊。根据上文“was terrified that the bat wuld verturn while we were in it”可知，Liz担心船会翻，作者告诉Liz船很稳定。故选B。
95. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我说服她和我一起去。A. fail失败；B. tend倾向于；C. pretend假装；D. agree同意。根据前文“I 94 her that the bat was super stable.”和下文“we didn’t see anything”可知，作者说服了Liz同意一起去看鲸鱼。故选D。
96. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我注意到两对鲸鱼朝我们游来。A. rescued挽救；B. imagined想象；C. attracted吸引；D. nticed注意。下文“tw pairs f whales swimming tward us”是作者注意到的景象。故选D。
97. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当鲸鱼在跃出水面后下沉时，它们会在水面上留下一个看起来像浮油的东西。A. stay逗留；B. leave离开；C. escape逃脱；D. pass通过。根据“When whales g dwn after breaching”和“what lks like an il slick (浮油) n the water”可知，鲸鱼跃出水面后下沉时在水面上留下一个看起来像浮油的东西。故选B。
98. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想如果我们向那个地方移动，我们就不会远离鲸鱼是安全的，因为它们刚刚离开。A. tired匹配的；B. separated分开的；C. safe安全的；D. absent缺席的。根据“since they’d just left”可知，因为鲸鱼刚刚离开，所以我们是安全的。故选C。
99. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我后来发现，我们保持90米的距离表明是(安全的)。A. believed相信；B. accepted接受；C. estimated估计；D. suggested表明；建议。根据后文“we keep 90 meters away. We were prbably mre like 18 meters away.”可知，作者发现90米的距离表明是安全的。故选D。
100. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，一群紧紧挤在一起的鱼开始跳出水面，跳到我们的皮艇上。A. swimming游泳；B. lking看；C. jumping跳；D. grwing成长。根据下文“int ur bat”可知，一群鱼跃出水面跳进作者的皮划艇里。故选C。
101. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我知道我们太近了。A. clse近的；B. lucky幸运的；C. heavy沉重的；D. quick快速的。根据下文“I was terrified.”可推断，作者的皮划艇离鲸鱼太近了，作者有点害怕。故选A。
102. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我当时没有意识到Liz和我在鲸鱼的嘴里。A. muth嘴；B. stmach胃；C. back后背；D. hand手。根据后文“Whales have enrmus muths but 103 thrats.”可知，作者和Liz在鲸鱼嘴里。故选A。
103. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲸鱼的嘴很大，但喉咙很小。A. tiny微小的；B. lng长的；C. sft D. huge巨大的。根据前文“Whales have enrmus muths but”可知，鲸鱼嘴大但是喉咙很小。故选A。
104. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个过程只持续了十秒钟，但对我来说却像是永恒。A. achieved完成；B. gained获得；C. happened发生；D. lasted持续。根据下文“but t me it felt like an eternity (永恒)”可知，尽管整个经历仅持续了10秒，但是作者感觉像是很长时间。故选D。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要尊重它们的空间。A. cntrl控制；B. respect尊重；C. recgnize认可；D. share共享。根据上文“There’s n way I’m getting that clse t whales again.”可知，作者以为跟鲸鱼的距离太近了，被鲸鱼吞了，因此意识到要尊重他们的空间，不能离得太近。故选B。
Passage 8
(2023上·安徽·高二校联考阶段练习)One day, 21-year-ld Laura Carstensen went t a cncert with sme c-wrkers. After enjying the 106 , they gt int different cars t g hme. Carstensen ended up in a taxi 107 by a yung man. As he drve dwn the cuntry rad back t twn, he drve t fast.
“I was asking him t 108 . And then the next thing I remembered was that I was 109 n the side f the rad utside f the car.” Carstensen said. “I was 110 . There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes.”
Carstensen was 112 injured. After a while, a truck pulled up near her. Tw men gt ut and came ver t ask her if they culd 113 . She tld them she was cld. S ne f them went back t the 114 and gt a blanket (毯子) fr her.
After the 115 , Carstensen spent mnths in the hspital, 116 frm injuries that included mre than 20 117 bnes.
Tday, she’s grateful t have 118 , and that she is able t walk again. And she’s still 119 by the kindness the truckers shwed her when they 120 t help her that night.
106. A. filmB. wrkC. shwD. peratin
107. A. sldB. drivenC. thrwnD. built
108. A. speak upB. walk utC. set ffD. slw dwn
109. A. lyingB. standingC. dancingD. fighting
110. A. hesitantB. sincereC. ptimisticD. scared
111. A. due tB. instead fC. regardless fD. as fr
112. A. slightlyB. badlyC. ptentiallyD. barely
113. A. leaveB. adaptC. helpD. participate
114. A. cncertB. huseC. shpD. truck
115. A. crashB. partyC. attackD. class
116. A. learningB. hearingC. recveringD. benefitting
117. A. ldB. weakC. strngD. brken
118. A. aplgizedB. survivedC. advancedD. arrived
119. A. astnishedB. embarrassedC. mvedD. ashamed
120. A. refusedB. stppedC. agreedD. seemed
【答案】106. C 107. B 108. D 109. A 110. D 111. A 112. B 113. C 114. D 115. A
116. C 117. D 118. B 119. C 120. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是21岁的劳拉·卡斯滕森与同事听完音乐会回来后遭遇了车祸，一辆卡车上的两个人给她提供帮助的故事。
106. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看完演出后，他们坐上不同的车回家。A. film电影；B. wrk工作；C. shw演出；D. peratin手术；活动。根据前文“One day, 21-year-ld Laura Carstensen went t a cncert with sme c-wrkers.”可知，劳拉和一些同事去看了一场演唱会。所以是在欣赏完演出后，各自坐车回家。故选C项。
107. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡斯滕森最后坐上了一辆由年轻人驾驶的出租车。A. sld售卖；B. driven开车；C. thrwn扔；D. built修建。根据后文“As he drve dwn the cuntry rad back t twn, he drve t fast.”可知，这辆出租车是由这位年轻人驾驶。此句taxi和drive逻辑上是被动关系，所以driven要变成过去分词driven表被动。故选B项。
108. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我让他慢一点。然后我想起的下一件事是，我躺在车外的路边。A. speak up大声说；B. walk ut走出去；C. set ff 出发；D. slw dwn 慢下来。根据前文“As he drve dwn the cuntry rad back t twn, he drve t fast.”可知，这个年轻人开车太快了，所以劳拉想让他开慢点。故选D项。
109. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让他慢一点。然后我想起的下一件事是，我躺在车外的路边。A. lying躺；B. standing站；C. dancing跳舞；D. fighting打架。根据后文“ There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes”可知，这个年轻人开太快导致出了车祸。劳拉在事故中受伤很严重，所以是躺在路边。故选A项。
110. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很害怕。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. sincere真诚的；C. ptimistic乐观的；D. scared害怕的。根据后文“There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes”可知，劳拉流了很多血，身体多处骨折。可以推测当时劳拉受伤非常严重，内心肯定是非常害怕的。故选D项。
111. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我的骨头断了，鲜血直流。A. due t由于，因为；B. instead f而不是；C. regardless f不管，不顾；D. as fr关于，至于。根据文章“There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes”可知，劳拉流了很多血是因为身体多处骨折。所以二者是因果关系。故选A项。
112. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：卡斯滕森受伤严重。A. slightly轻微地；B.badly严重地；C. ptentially潜在地，可能地；D.barely仅仅。根据文章“ There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes”和下文“Carstensen spent mnths in the hspital”可知，劳拉受伤非常严重。故选B项。
113. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个男人下车过来问她是否可以帮忙。A. leave离开；B. adapt适应；C. help帮助；D. participate参加。根据后文“She tld them she was cld. S ne f them went back t the 114 and gt a blanket(毯子) fr her.”可知，劳拉告诉他们她很冷，所以他们其中一个人去拿了毯子帮助劳拉。因此两个男人下车是在询问是否需要帮忙。故选C项。
114. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以其中一个人回到卡车上，拿了一条毯子给她。A. cncert演唱会；B. huse房子；C. shp商店；D. truck卡车。根据前文“ After a while, a truck pulled up near her.”可知，两个男人是开了一辆卡车过来，在劳拉附近停了下来。所以其中一个人是回到卡车上拿毯子。故选D项。
115. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：车祸发生后，卡斯滕森在医院住了几个月，从包括20多块骨折在内的伤势中恢复过来。A. crash车祸；B. party聚会；C. attack攻击；D. class班。根据前文“I was 110 . There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes.”可知，卡斯滕森身体多处骨折，流了很多血，所以是发生了车祸。故选A项。
116. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：车祸发生后，卡斯滕森在医院住了几个月，从包括20多块骨折在内的伤势中恢复过来。A. learning学习；B. hearing听到；C. recvering恢复；D. benefiting受益。根据文章“Carstensen spent mnths in the hspital”以及后文“ she is able t walk again. ”可知，卡斯滕森在医院了待了几个月，最后能够再次走路，说明她是在医院里恢复身体。故选C项。
117. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：车祸发生后，卡斯滕森在医院住了几个月，从包括20多块骨折在内的伤势中恢复过来。A. ld年老的；B.weak虚弱的；C. strng强壮的；D. brken断裂的。根据前文“There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes.”可知，卡斯滕森身体20处骨头断裂。故选D项。
118. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，她很感激自己活了下来，并且能够重新行走。A. aplgized道歉；B. survived存活，幸存；C. advanced前进；D. arrived到达。根据前文“There was s much bld 111 the breaks f my bnes.”和“she is able t walk again. ”可知，卡斯滕森身体20处骨头断裂，鲜血直流，但是在医院的精心治疗下，她重新能够行走。所以她感激自己在车祸中活了下来。故选B项。
119. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当卡车司机停下来帮助她时，他们对她的友善仍然让她感动。A. astnished惊诧的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. mved感动的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据前文“Tw men gt ut and came ver t ask her if they culd 113 . She tld them she was cld. S ne f them went back t the 114 and gt a blanket(毯子) fr her.”可知，两个男人将卡车停在路旁询问她是否需要帮助，拿来了毯子帮助她取暖。所以卡斯滕森内心是非常感动的。故选C项。
120. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当卡车司机停下来帮助她时，他们对她的友善仍然让她感动。A. refused拒绝；B. stpped停下来；C. agreed同意；D. seemed似乎；好像。根据前文“After a while, a truck pulled up near her. Tw men gt ut and came ver t ask her if they culd 113 . ”可知，一辆卡车在她附近停了下来，所以两个男人是停下卡车来帮助她。故选B项。
Passage 9
(2023上·福建三明·高二三明一中校考阶段练习)In American culture, I am nticing a lack f respect, especially amng children. This shuld be treated 121 since disrespectful children will becme disrespectful adults. American culture is 122 the ways f teaching respect, while ther cultures have methds that Americans culd learn frm.
Once I spent several mnths in Kenya living with a Maasai family. One f their custms is the 123 that the children give the adults. When an adult appraches children, they will 124 and lean their heads slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult respnses by saying “Ippa” and tuching their heads. This simple act shws respect fr the adult. The children 125 that they are their elder wh deserves respect.
Later, I wrked at a children’s hme in Carlina where the children were taught t respect their elders. They 126 me as “Mr. Vince” and every wrker there with a “Mr, Mrs, r Ms.”. Hwever, as I talk t teachers wrking with children nw, there seems t be a 127 in such a friendly behavir that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back t their teachers and 128 their authrity(权威). Children 129 speak with ther adults like waiters in the way as if they were clse friends.
Immanuel Kant expressed tw 130 attitudes still cmmn tday in Eurpe. One is that nly humans freely chse t act n principles by 131 laws n themselves. It is this mind based n 132 that makes humans unique. Secnd, t learn t fllw principles, a human child needs t learn t fllw the laws f 133 . They must practice 134 rules befre they are able t practice autnmy(自主权). Kant said that “act in the way yu want thers t act in the situatin, taking ther peple as persns, nt 135 yu use fr yur wn gals”. Only in this way can yu becme a real persn with intrinsic values.
121. A. steadilyB. patientlyC. publiclyD. seriusly
122. A. realizingB. graspingC. giving upD. adjusting t
123. A. blessingB. greetingC. assistanceD. impressin
124. A. shw ffB. fall dwnC. turn arundD. cme frward
125. A. pretendB. suspectC. determineD. acknwledge
126. A. rankedB. lcatedC. addressedD. defended
127. A. delayB. cmfrtC. decreaseD. disappearance
128. A. admitB. recallC. acceptD. ignre
129. A. casuallyB. rudelyC. barelyD. plitely
130. A. cntraryB. acceptedC. matureD. familiar
131. A. basingB. puttingC. banningD. sparing
132. A. reasnB. cnflictC. slutinD. harmny
133. A. adultsB. lcalsC. teachersD. classmates
134. A. internalB. external(外在的)C. flexibleD. vluntary
135. A. tlsB. mdelsC. glriesD. excuses
【答案】121. D 122. C 123. B 124. D 125. D 126. C 127. C 128. D 129. A 130. B
131. B 132. A 133. A 134. B 135. A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者以自己的个人经历阐述了在美国文化中儿童越来越不尊重成年人这一现象，而其他文化中“儿童尊重成年人”是美国人可以学习的方式。
121. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一点应该认真对待，因为不尊重人的孩子会变成不尊重人的成年人。A. steadily稳定地；B. patiently耐心；C. publicly公开；D. seriusly认真地。根据前文“In American culture, I am nticing a lack f respect, especially amng children.”以及后文“since disrespectful children will becme disrespectful adults.”可知，在美国文化中，尤其是在孩子之间，缺乏尊重这是一个严重的问题，应该认真对待，因为不尊重人的孩子会变成不尊重人的成年人。故选D项。
122. 考查动词词义和短语辨析。句意：美国文化正在放弃教导尊重的方法，而其他文化有美国人可以学习的方法。A. realizing意识到；B. grasping理解；C. giving up放弃；D. adjusting t适应。由上文的“In American culture, I am nticing a lack f respect, especially amng children.”和下文的“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back t their teacher”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，说明美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式。故选C项。
123. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的习俗之一是孩子们给大人的问候。A. blessing祝福；B. greeting问候；C. assistance帮助；D. impressin印象。由下文的“When an adult appraches children, they will 124 and lean their heads slightly saying “Suppa”.”可知，在马赛族文化中，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前会说“Suppa”，这是孩子们问候成年人的方式。故选B项。
124. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当大人走近孩子时，他们会向前倾着头说“Suppa”。A. shw ff炫耀；B. fall dwn跌倒；C. turn arund转身；D. cme frward走上前。由下文的“The adult respnses by saying “Ippa” and tuching their heads.”可知，成年人触摸到孩子的头顶，说明孩子走到了成年人的面前。故选D项。
125. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们承认他们是值得尊敬的长辈。A. pretend假装；B. suspect怀疑；C. determine确定；D. acknwledge承认。由上文的“This simple act shws respect fr the adult.”可知，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前说“Suppa”的行为表明了孩子对成年人表示尊敬，承认成年人是他们的长辈。故选D项。
126. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称呼我为“文斯先生”，那里的每个工人都叫“先生、夫人或女士”。A. ranked把……分等级；B. lcated把……安置在；C. addressed称呼(某人)；D. defended保护。根据后文“me as “Mr. Vince” and every wrker there with a “Mr, Mrs, r Ms.”.”并结合选项可知，此处应是“称呼我为‘文斯先生’”之意。故选C项。
127. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我与现在从事儿童工作的教师交谈时，孩子们对成年人的这种友好行为似乎有所减少。A. delay延迟；B. cmfrt安慰；C. decrease减少；D. disappearance消失。由上文的“In American culture, I am nticing a lack f respect, especially amng children.”和下文的“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back t their teachers and 128 their authrity(权威).”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，不尊重老师，无视他们的权威，以前尊重成年人的友好行为在减少。故选C项。
128. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尊敬老师的学生越来越少：孩子们经常和老师顶嘴，无视他们的权威。A. admit承认；B. recall回忆起；C. accept接受；D. ignre忽视。根据前文“Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back t their teachers”可知，孩子们不尊重老师，和老师顶嘴，所以是无视他们的权威。故选D项。
129. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：儿童像对待服务员一样，以一种好像他们是亲密朋友的方式与其他成年人随意交谈。A. casually随意地；B. rudely粗鲁地；C. barely仅仅；D. plitely有礼貌地。根据后文“speak with ther adults like waiters in the way as if they were clse friends.”可知，儿童像对待服务员一样与成年人交谈，而和服务员交谈一般是是随意地。故选A项。
130. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊曼努尔·康德表达了两种今天在欧洲仍很普遍的公认态度。A. cntrary相反的；B. accepted公认的；C. mature成熟的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文的“still cmmn tday in Eurpe.”可知，两种在欧洲仍占主导地位的态度，说明这种态度是欧洲人公认的态度。故选B项。
131. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中之一是，只有人类才能自由地选择按照原则行事，约束自己。A. basing以……为据点；B. putting放置；C. banning禁止；D. sparing抽出。根据前文的“act n principles”可知，此处指约束自己：put laws n sb.意为“约束某人”符合语境。故选B项。
132. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种基于理性的思维使人类独一无二。A. reasn理性；B. cnflict矛盾；C. slutin解决方案；D. harmny和谐。根据前文“One is that nly humans freely chse t act n principles by 131 laws n themselves.”可知，按照原则行事，并且制定法律来约束自己，是一种理性思维。故选A项。
133. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，要学会遵守原则，人类的孩子需要学会遵守成人的法律。A. adults成年人；B. lcals当地人；C. teachers老师；D. classmates同学。根据前文“since disrespectful children will becme disrespectful adults. ”可知，孩子也要学会遵守成人的法律。故选A项。
134. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们必须先实践外部规则，然后才能实践自主性。A. internal里面的；B. external外部的；C. flexible灵活的；D. vluntary自愿的。由上文的“a human child needs t learn t fllw the laws f 133 .”和下文的“befre they are able t practice autnmy”可知，在人类儿童实现个体自治前，需要学会服从成人的法律，由成年人对其实施外部监管。故选B项。
135. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：康德说：“在这种情况下，你希望别人怎么做，你就怎么做，把别人当作人，而不是你实现自己目标的工具。”A. tls工具；B. mdels模型；C. glries辉煌；D. excuses借口。根据前文“taking ther peple as persns”以及nt可知，空处应和此处相反，即把别人当作人，而不是你实现自己目标的工具。故选A项。
Passage 10
(2023上·山东·高二山东省实验中学校考阶段练习)Hunter Shamatt lst his wallet while he was n a flight frm Omaha t Denver earlier this mnth. Upn realizing that his wallet was lst, he 136 the airline t see if anyne had turned it in--but fruitlessly. 137 the wallet cntained his ID, a signed paycheck, 60 in cash, etc, he feared the wrst.
Tw days after the flight, hwever, Hunter was 138 t receive a package in the mail frm an annymus(匿名的) sender. Inside was his wallet-- 139 an additinal 40 in cash. “I runded yur cash up t an even 100 s yu culd celebrate the 140 f yur wallet”, read a letter that was enclsed with the package.
Hunter’s mther, Jeannie, psted a pht f the 141 t scial media in hpes that they wuld be able t track dwn the sender. The infrmatin they gt was that the letter was 142 frm Applied Underwriters in Omaha and the sender’s initials(首字母) were signed “T.B”. The sender was later 143 as Tdd Brwn, wh was delighted t “have a little fun” with helping ut a hard-wrking stranger.
“I saw he was just a kid, 20 years ld. He had a paycheck in there, s I 144 that he’s ding his best t make ends meet.” said Brwn. “Hunter was very 145 . He tld me he had sme student lans t pay within tw days s the 146 was right,” Brwn added, He 147 it was gne frever. S when he pened it, he just started screaming, “N way! N way!”
Brwn says that he ften tries t d gd things withut any recgnitin; that’s why he didn’t sign his 148 n the letter, but Jeannie later insisted n 149 him n scial media. Jeannie wrte n Facebk, “This stry is mre abut rebuilding 150 in peple than anything.”
136. A. rderedB. blamedC. checkedD. cntacted
137. A. ThughB. SinceC. WhileD. Unless
138. A. amusedB. anxiusC. shckedD. frustrated
139. A. alng withB. apart frmC. except frD. instead f
140. A. searchB. cmpletenessC. returnD. value
141. A. senderB. walletC. letterD. package
142. A. sentB. acceptedC. takenD. cllected
143. A. qualifiedB. identifiedC. cnsideredD. intrduced
144. A. nticedB. dubtedC. figuredD. grasped
145. A. stressfulB. thankfulC. thughtfulD. regretful
146. A. timingB. behavirC. numberD. paycheck
147. A. rememberedB. admittedC. imaginedD. assumed
148. A. addressB. full nameC. markD. phne number
149. A. praisingB. questiningC. disturbingD. cmfrting
150. A. ambitinB. appreciatinC. strengthD. faith
【答案】136. D 137. B 138. C 139. A 140. C 141. C 142. A 143. B 144. C 145. B
146. A 147. D 148. B 149. A 150. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Hunter在机场丢了钱包后意外收到匿名人士寄来的包裹，里面是自己的钱包，还有额外的40美元。通过网络，失主找到了寄件人并重建对人性的信心。
136. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到他的钱包丢了时，他联系了航空公司，想看看是否有人把钱包交上去了——但是没有结果。A. rdered预定；B. blamed责备；C. checked检查；D. cntacted联系。根据下文“the airline t see if anyne had turned it in—but fruitlessly”可知，他联系了航空公司。故选D。
137. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：因为Hunter的钱包里有他的身份证、一张签了名的支票、60美元的现金等等，他担心会发生最坏的情况。A. Thugh尽管；B. Since因为；C. While当；D. Unless除非。本句与下文“he feared the wrst.”成因果关系，since意为“因为”。故选B。
138. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当Hunter收到一个匿名寄件人寄来的包裹时，他感到很震惊。A. amused愉快的；B. anxius焦虑的；C. shcked震惊的；D. frustrated沮丧的。由下文“Inside was his wallet”可知他收到这个匿名包裹是感到震惊的。故选C。
139. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：里面是他的钱包，另外还有40美元现金。A. alng with和……一起；B. apart frm除了；C. except fr除了；D. instead f代替。由下文“an additinal $40 in cash”可知，钱包和现金是一起在包裹里的。故选A。
140. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把你的现金凑整数到了100美元，这样你就可以庆祝你的钱包回来了。A. search 搜寻；B. cmpleteness完整；C. return返回；D. value价值。由上文“Inside was his wallet”此处应该是“钱包的返还”，故选C。
141. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hunter的母亲Jeannie把这封信的照片发到社交媒体上，希望他们能找到寄件人。A. sender寄件人；B. wallet钱包；C. letter信件；D. package包裹。根据上文“read a letter”可知，因为是匿名包裹，Hunter的母亲是想找到寄件人，所以把信件上传到网上。故选C。
142. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只能查到这封信是由奥马哈的应用保险公司发出的，发信人的首字母缩写是“T.B.”。A. sent发送；B. accepted接受；C. taken带走；D. cllected收集。根据上文“they wuld be able t track dwn the sender.”和下文“frm Applied Underwriters in Omaha and the sender’s initials (首字母) were signed “T.B.”.”可知此处是说只知道由哪里寄来的。故选A。
143. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：发送者后来被确认为Tdd Brwn，他很高兴能“快乐地”帮助一位努力工作的陌生人。A. qualified取得资格；B. identified辨认；C. cnsidered考虑；D. intrduced介绍。根据“as Tdd Brwn”可知，发送者后来被确认为Tdd Brwn。be identified as意为“被确认为……”，故选B。
144. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的工资单在里面，所以我注意到他在尽力维持收支平衡。A. nticed注意到；B. dubted怀疑；C. figured弄清楚；D. grasped抓住。根据后文“Well, he’s ding his best t make ends meet.”是Brwn内心的考虑。故选C。
145. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hunter非常感激。A. stressful紧张的；B. thankful感激的；C. thughtful深思的；D. regretful 遗憾的。由下文“He tld me he has sme student lans t pay within tw days s the…was in time”可知，他需要在两天内还学生贷款，所以他收到钱包后十分感激。故选B。
146. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，他有一些学生贷款要在两天内还清，所以(我的)此举时机是对的。A. timing时机；B. behavir行为；C. number数字；D. paycheck薪水。根据上文“He tld me he had sme student lans t pay within tw days”可知Hunter收到了自己丢失的钱包，又恰逢要在两天内还清学生贷款，故时机是对的。故选A。
147. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为它永远消失了。A. remembered记住；B. admitted承认；C. imagined 想象；D. assumed认为。根据“it was gne frever”可知，这是Hunter钱包丢失后的想法。故选D。
148. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brwn说，他经常试图做一些不留名的好事；所以他没有在信上签全名。A. address 地址；B. full name全名；C. mark标志；D. phne number电话号码。根据前文“T.B”可知Brwn并没有在信上写自己的全名，故选B。
149. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Jeannie后来坚持在社交媒体上称赞他。A. praising称赞；B. questining提问；C. disturbing打扰；D. cmfrting安慰。根据前文的“psted a pht f the ______ t scial media”可知，Jeannie在网络上赞扬Brwn的善举，故选A。
150. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事最重要的是重建人们的信心。A. ambitin抱负；B. appreciatin欣赏；C. strength力量；D. faith信心，信念。根据全文可知，Hunter在机场丢了钱包后意外收到匿名人士寄来的包裹，里面是他的钱包，还有额外的40美元，这个故事最重要的是重建人们对人性的信心，故选D。目录
新知导航：熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络
基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备
重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力
小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用