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第04讲 动词的时态（讲义）-备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用）
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►第04讲 动词的时态（讲义） 【复习目标】 1.掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时的基本结构和用法 2.掌握易混点辨析 【考情分析】 动词的时态是全国各地中考的高频考点。一直实中考的重、难点，而且新课标也提出时态的重要性。考查形式多样化，各种题型都有所涉及。尤其在单项选择语句设置多为两个单句，其语境设置灵活，大多没有明显的时间状语提示，需要分析另一语句的语境和时态来判断动作的先后顺序，淡化了古板的依赖时间状语提示来判定时态的考查方式。现在完成时为每年必考的时态，过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时为常考点。一般过去时为高频考点，一般现在时和现在进行时为轮考点。此外语法填空、词语运用还有书面表达都会考查时态问题。 动词时态解题技巧： 慧眼识标志; 主从时态须呼应; 瞻前顾后巧搭配; 细心体会辨语境; 特殊对象特殊记。 近几年考查时态的题型命题规律 动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一，是中考必考语法。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。备战2024年中考，把握各种时态的基本用法，以具体语境为区分不难突破。 【网络构建】 考向一 一般现在时 考向一：一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 ④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。 考向二：一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 考向二 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？ —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？ —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 4. 一般过去时的用法 （1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? （2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 （3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 （4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. （5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意： （1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 （2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。 —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。 —It’s 2566666. 是2566666。 5. 一般过去时代替完成时 （1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. （2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited. （3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 考向三 一般将来时态 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： 1. be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ 一般将来时特殊用法： 1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。 I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 考向四 现在进行时 一、现在进行时的定义 现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。 The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。 The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。 We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 二、现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 1. 现在分词变化规则如下： a. 动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） b. 去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） c. 重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） d. 特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 2. 句式构成如下： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。 They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。 They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 助动词变化口诀：变疑问，往前提，句后问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not 莫忘记。 三、现在进行时的应用 A表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 四、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 四类动词不用进行时 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时) 1. 表心理状态、情感的动词，如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等，若用进行时则词义改变。 2. 表存在、状态的动词，如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等 3. 表感觉的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等 4. 表一时性的动词，如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。 五、现在进行时的特殊用法 1. 现在进行时表暂时 现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。 —What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么? —She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。 这种情况不一定在说话时发生： Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。) She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。 暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着： The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。 现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向： People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。 2. 现在进行时表将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 考向五 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 考向六 现在完成时 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下： come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over open→be open die→be dead buy→have Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．read B．had read C．were reading D．have read 2．（2023·吉林四平·校联考模拟预测）— What are you saving money for? — Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father. A．am going to buy B．have bought C．bought 3．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）Miss Zhang along with the other teachers in her office ________ many flowers and letters since two years ago. A．received B．have received C．has received 4．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—I want to know if you ________ to Lisa’s birthday party on Sunday afternoon? —I’d love to. If she ________ me, I will arrive on time. A．will go; will invite B．will go; invites C．go; invites 5．（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）After the long flight, now we are at the Capital Airport. We hope you _________ your flight with our airline this evening. A．have enjoyed B．will enjoy C．are enjoying D．enjoy 6．（2023·江西上饶·统考模拟预测）I ________ a few pages of the book. I will finish the rest as quickly as possible. A．read B．will read C．was reading D．have read 7．（2023·安徽宣城·模拟预测）—What made you so happy? —My best friend will visit me next Friday. We ________ each other for two years. A．won’t see B．don’t see C．haven’t seen D．didn’t see 8．（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）—Has your sister come back from Yunnan? —Yes. He ________ there for two months to help training teachers in the countryside. A．stays B．stayed C．has stayed D．will stay 9．（2023·海南省直辖县级单位·统考模拟预测）—What do you think of ChatGPT? —I think it ________ the way people work and live in the future. A．changes B．will change C．has changed 10．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）—Mike,I haven’t seen your elder sister for a long time. — She ________ Hong Kong on business for a few days. A．has been in B．has gone to C．has been to 11．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）—It’s my second time to come to Zhangzhou. It _______ a lot. —That’s true. It’s more and more beautiful. A．was changing B．will take C．has changed 12．（2023·福建厦门·模拟预测）—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? —A couple of days. I ________ it last week. A．bought B．have bought C．buy 13．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Hurry up! Miss Smith ________ for you in the teachers’ office. —I am in big trouble. A．waits B．waited C．is waiting 14．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I __________ my pet dog in the park at that time. A．am walking B．was walking C．will walk 15．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema. A．were B．was C．is 16．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）— Jenny, do you know if your mother ________ back tomorrow? — Sorry, I don’t know. As soon as she ________ home, I will tell her to call you. A．comes; will get B．will come; gets to C．will come; gets 17．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）Alex with his friends ________ the mountains at the time of the rainstorm. A．is climbing B．was climbing C．are climbing D．were climbing 18．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）—Sunshine Taxi Service. Can I help you? —My plane ________ off at 11:30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 o’clock? A．takes B．took C．has taken D．will be take 19．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）If you finish your homework, your mother ________ you go out. A．lets B．will let C．doesn’t let D．don’t let 20．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ___________ it a push. A．give B．has given C．will give D．gave 二、短文填空 （2023·河南周口·校考三模） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Charles has a problem. When he’s at work, he dreams about being on vacation. Then, when he’s 21 vacation, he worries about all the new work on his desk. Charles doesn’t live in the moment. His mind often jumps to the future or gets stuck in the past. Because of that, Charles isn’t very happy 22 healthy. He wants to change that, so he searches the Internet for ways to be more mindful. He finds 23 lot of good information. Charles starts using the information. First, when he 24 doing something, he tries to focus on that thing. Next, Charles tries to see the world with fresh eyes. That way, everything looks new and different every time. Last, Charles tries not 25 let his thoughts control him. When he has them, he notices them but doesn’t judge them. Then, he continues doing what he’s doing at the moment. Charles is becoming more mindful. 1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）I ________ ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come? A．go B．went C．was going D．will go 2．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．reads B．has read C．is reading D．was reading 3．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Some students ________ Taiji over there. Let’s go and join them. A．play B．played C．are playing D．were playing 4．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give 5．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）Jessica ________ every night before her Chinese test and got good results. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study 6．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Who will talk about the development of American country music next week? —I suggest Brad. He ________ in Nashville, the home of country music, since he was a child. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 7．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. I ________ a football match. —OK. I’ll ring you up later. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 8．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）If you heat ice, it ________ into water. A．turns B．turned C．was turning D．has turned 9．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Look! Our Chinese teacher ______ a talk in the meeting room. A．gave B．is giving C．gives 10．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came to our class. A．sing B．will sing C．were singing D．are singing 11．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）I’ve just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 12．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）—What’s that noise, Tom? —Oh, some children ________ in the yard. A．play B．are playing C．played D．will play 13．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me? — Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video. A．make B．have made C．am making D．was making 14．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）—Where is your brother? —Look! He ________ basketball on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing 15．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）— ________ you ________ about Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture. A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 16．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）I am sorry I didn’t answer your phone because I ________ the piano at that time. A．played B．was playing C．am playing 17．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—Why didn’t you pick up my phone at seven o’clock last night? —I ________ the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn’t hear it. A．was doing B．did C．had done 18．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）— Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation? — Mrs. Chen. She encouraged me a lot when I ________ the English exam. A．fail B．was failing C．failed D．have failed 19．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash? —Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now. A．couldn’t, am doing B．can’t, am doing C．can’t, do 20．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—I saw your light still on at 11:30 last night. —Oh, I ________ an exciting book at that time. I lost myself in the story. A．read B．am reading C．was reading 21．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—Are you going to see the panda Huahua at the Chengdu Research Base tomorrow? —Sure. If I ________ the chance, perhaps I can’t see her any longer this holiday. A．miss B．missed C．will miss 22．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—Becky, we’re leaving in several minutes. Are you ready? —No, I ________ my clothes yet. A．have packed B．haven’t packed C．didn’t pack 25．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Lingling, what were you doing at 7:00 yesterday evening? —I ________ my mother prepare the dinner then. A．helped B．am helping C．was helping 26．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）When my friend called me yesterday, I ________ my mom in the kitchen. A．helped B．is helping C．was helping 27．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）Yesterday I ________ basketball with my classmates. We had a good time. A．will play B．play C．played 28．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— What do you think of the novel, Journey to the West? — It’s so exciting that I ________ it for three times. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 29．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Oh, I’m nearly lost in this city. —Yeah. The city ________ a lot since you left. A．has changed B．changed C．changes 30．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—Sally, I ________ the picture already. —Wow, truly beautiful! A．finish B．have finished C．was finishing 31．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I don’t know if it ________ sunny tomorrow. If it ________ sunny, I will go fishing. A．will be; is B．is; will be C．will be; is going to be 目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析近三年年中考考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴五动词的时态的考向一般现在时态的基本结构和用法 一般过去时态的基本结构和用法 一般将来时态的基本结构和用法 现在进行时的基本结构和用法 5.过去进行时的基本结构和用法 6.现在完成时的基本结构和用法 7.提升必考题型归纳六真题感悟中考谓语动词时态经典考题情况构成方法例词一般情况直接加-sread→reads love→loves以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾加-espass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes以辅音字母 + y结尾将y变为i，再加-escarry→carries study→studies不规则变化have→has be→am/is/are情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwash→washed help→helped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhope→hoped like→liked以辅音字母 + y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry→carried study→studied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped plan→planned 一般过去时 肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。 如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。现在进行时巧记口诀 look, listen是标志，现在进行正发生； 有时now在句中现，＂be＋v-ing＂时态成。 若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。 he/she is, I am，we, you, they后are紧跟。 v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。 一般问句be提前，be后加not否定成！
►第04讲 动词的时态（讲义） 【复习目标】 1.掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时的基本结构和用法 2.掌握易混点辨析 【考情分析】 动词的时态是全国各地中考的高频考点。一直实中考的重、难点，而且新课标也提出时态的重要性。考查形式多样化，各种题型都有所涉及。尤其在单项选择语句设置多为两个单句，其语境设置灵活，大多没有明显的时间状语提示，需要分析另一语句的语境和时态来判断动作的先后顺序，淡化了古板的依赖时间状语提示来判定时态的考查方式。现在完成时为每年必考的时态，过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时为常考点。一般过去时为高频考点，一般现在时和现在进行时为轮考点。此外语法填空、词语运用还有书面表达都会考查时态问题。 动词时态解题技巧： 慧眼识标志; 主从时态须呼应; 瞻前顾后巧搭配; 细心体会辨语境; 特殊对象特殊记。 近几年考查时态的题型命题规律 动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一，是中考必考语法。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。备战2024年中考，把握各种时态的基本用法，以具体语境为区分不难突破。 【网络构建】 考向一 一般现在时 考向一：一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 ④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。 考向二：一般现在时的构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 考向二 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？ —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？ —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 4. 一般过去时的用法 （1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? （2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 （3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 （4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. （5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意： （1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 （2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。 —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。 —It’s 2566666. 是2566666。 5. 一般过去时代替完成时 （1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. （2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited. （3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 考向三 一般将来时态 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： 1. be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ 一般将来时特殊用法： 1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。 I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 考向四 现在进行时 一、现在进行时的定义 现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。 The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。 The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。 We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 二、现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 1. 现在分词变化规则如下： a. 动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） b. 去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） c. 重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） d. 特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 2. 句式构成如下： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。 They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。 They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 助动词变化口诀：变疑问，往前提，句后问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not 莫忘记。 三、现在进行时的应用 A表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 四、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 四类动词不用进行时 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时) 1. 表心理状态、情感的动词，如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等，若用进行时则词义改变。 2. 表存在、状态的动词，如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等 3. 表感觉的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等 4. 表一时性的动词，如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。 五、现在进行时的特殊用法 1. 现在进行时表暂时 现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。 —What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么? —She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。 这种情况不一定在说话时发生： Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走，你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。) She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。 暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着： The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。 现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向： People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。 2. 现在进行时表将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 考向五 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 考向六 现在完成时 常见考法： 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下： come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over open→be open die→be dead buy→have Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．read B．had read C．were reading D．have read 2．（2023·吉林四平·校联考模拟预测）— What are you saving money for? — Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father. A．am going to buy B．have bought C．bought 3．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）Miss Zhang along with the other teachers in her office ________ many flowers and letters since two years ago. A．received B．have received C．has received 4．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—I want to know if you ________ to Lisa’s birthday party on Sunday afternoon? —I’d love to. If she ________ me, I will arrive on time. A．will go; will invite B．will go; invites C．go; invites 5．（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）After the long flight, now we are at the Capital Airport. We hope you _________ your flight with our airline this evening. A．have enjoyed B．will enjoy C．are enjoying D．enjoy 6．（2023·江西上饶·统考模拟预测）I ________ a few pages of the book. I will finish the rest as quickly as possible. A．read B．will read C．was reading D．have read 7．（2023·安徽宣城·模拟预测）—What made you so happy? —My best friend will visit me next Friday. We ________ each other for two years. A．won’t see B．don’t see C．haven’t seen D．didn’t see 8．（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）—Has your sister come back from Yunnan? —Yes. He ________ there for two months to help training teachers in the countryside. A．stays B．stayed C．has stayed D．will stay 9．（2023·海南省直辖县级单位·统考模拟预测）—What do you think of ChatGPT? —I think it ________ the way people work and live in the future. A．changes B．will change C．has changed 10．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）—Mike,I haven’t seen your elder sister for a long time. — She ________ Hong Kong on business for a few days. A．has been in B．has gone to C．has been to 11．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）—It’s my second time to come to Zhangzhou. It _______ a lot. —That’s true. It’s more and more beautiful. A．was changing B．will take C．has changed 12．（2023·福建厦门·模拟预测）—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? —A couple of days. I ________ it last week. A．bought B．have bought C．buy 13．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Hurry up! Miss Smith ________ for you in the teachers’ office. —I am in big trouble. A．waits B．waited C．is waiting 14．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I __________ my pet dog in the park at that time. A．am walking B．was walking C．will walk 15．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema. A．were B．was C．is 16．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）— Jenny, do you know if your mother ________ back tomorrow? — Sorry, I don’t know. As soon as she ________ home, I will tell her to call you. A．comes; will get B．will come; gets to C．will come; gets 17．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）Alex with his friends ________ the mountains at the time of the rainstorm. A．is climbing B．was climbing C．are climbing D．were climbing 18．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）—Sunshine Taxi Service. Can I help you? —My plane ________ off at 11:30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 o’clock? A．takes B．took C．has taken D．will be take 19．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）If you finish your homework, your mother ________ you go out. A．lets B．will let C．doesn’t let D．don’t let 20．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ___________ it a push. A．give B．has given C．will give D．gave 二、短文填空 （2023·河南周口·校考三模） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Charles has a problem. When he’s at work, he dreams about being on vacation. Then, when he’s 21 vacation, he worries about all the new work on his desk. Charles doesn’t live in the moment. His mind often jumps to the future or gets stuck in the past. Because of that, Charles isn’t very happy 22 healthy. He wants to change that, so he searches the Internet for ways to be more mindful. He finds 23 lot of good information. Charles starts using the information. First, when he 24 doing something, he tries to focus on that thing. Next, Charles tries to see the world with fresh eyes. That way, everything looks new and different every time. Last, Charles tries not 25 let his thoughts control him. When he has them, he notices them but doesn’t judge them. Then, he continues doing what he’s doing at the moment. Charles is becoming more mindful. 1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）I ________ ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come? A．go B．went C．was going D．will go 2．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．reads B．has read C．is reading D．was reading 3．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Some students ________ Taiji over there. Let’s go and join them. A．play B．played C．are playing D．were playing 4．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don’t worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give 5．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）Jessica ________ every night before her Chinese test and got good results. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study 6．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Who will talk about the development of American country music next week? —I suggest Brad. He ________ in Nashville, the home of country music, since he was a child. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 7．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. I ________ a football match. —OK. I’ll ring you up later. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 8．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）If you heat ice, it ________ into water. A．turns B．turned C．was turning D．has turned 9．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Look! Our Chinese teacher ______ a talk in the meeting room. A．gave B．is giving C．gives 10．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came to our class. A．sing B．will sing C．were singing D．are singing 11．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）I’ve just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 12．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）—What’s that noise, Tom? —Oh, some children ________ in the yard. A．play B．are playing C．played D．will play 13．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me? — Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video. A．make B．have made C．am making D．was making 14．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）—Where is your brother? —Look! He ________ basketball on the playground. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing 15．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）— ________ you ________ about Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture. A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 16．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）I am sorry I didn’t answer your phone because I ________ the piano at that time. A．played B．was playing C．am playing 17．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—Why didn’t you pick up my phone at seven o’clock last night? —I ________ the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn’t hear it. A．was doing B．did C．had done 18．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）— Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation? — Mrs. Chen. She encouraged me a lot when I ________ the English exam. A．fail B．was failing C．failed D．have failed 19．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash? —Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now. A．couldn’t, am doing B．can’t, am doing C．can’t, do 20．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—I saw your light still on at 11:30 last night. —Oh, I ________ an exciting book at that time. I lost myself in the story. A．read B．am reading C．was reading 21．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—Are you going to see the panda Huahua at the Chengdu Research Base tomorrow? —Sure. If I ________ the chance, perhaps I can’t see her any longer this holiday. A．miss B．missed C．will miss 22．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—Becky, we’re leaving in several minutes. Are you ready? —No, I ________ my clothes yet. A．have packed B．haven’t packed C．didn’t pack 25．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Lingling, what were you doing at 7:00 yesterday evening? —I ________ my mother prepare the dinner then. A．helped B．am helping C．was helping 26．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）When my friend called me yesterday, I ________ my mom in the kitchen. A．helped B．is helping C．was helping 27．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）Yesterday I ________ basketball with my classmates. We had a good time. A．will play B．play C．played 28．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— What do you think of the novel, Journey to the West? — It’s so exciting that I ________ it for three times. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 29．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Oh, I’m nearly lost in this city. —Yeah. The city ________ a lot since you left. A．has changed B．changed C．changes 30．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—Sally, I ________ the picture already. —Wow, truly beautiful! A．finish B．have finished C．was finishing 31．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I don’t know if it ________ sunny tomorrow. If it ________ sunny, I will go fishing. A．will be; is B．is; will be C．will be; is going to be 目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析近三年年中考考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴五动词的时态的考向一般现在时态的基本结构和用法 一般过去时态的基本结构和用法 一般将来时态的基本结构和用法 现在进行时的基本结构和用法 5.过去进行时的基本结构和用法 6.现在完成时的基本结构和用法 7.提升必考题型归纳六真题感悟中考谓语动词时态经典考题情况构成方法例词一般情况直接加-sread→reads love→loves以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾加-espass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes以辅音字母 + y结尾将y变为i，再加-escarry→carries study→studies不规则变化have→has be→am/is/are情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwash→washed help→helped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhope→hoped like→liked以辅音字母 + y结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry→carried study→studied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped plan→planned 一般过去时 肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。 如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。现在进行时巧记口诀 look, listen是标志，现在进行正发生； 有时now在句中现，＂be＋v-ing＂时态成。 若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。 he/she is, I am，we, you, they后are紧跟。 v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。 一般问句be提前，be后加not否定成！
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