第09讲 定语从句（课件）-2024年备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用）

这是一份第09讲 定语从句（课件）-2024年备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用），共55页。PPT课件主要包含了复习目标，网络构建，知识梳理题型归纳，真题感悟，PART ONE，定语从句分类，限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.掌握定语从句的结构2.掌握关系代词that /which/wh /whm/whse的用法3.掌握关系副词when /where/why的用法 4.了解定语从句的分类及定语从句的特殊用法
什么是定语及定语从句？
This is a blue pen.这是一支蓝色的笔。
Ntes:定语：修饰名词或代词的词， 通常放在所修饰词前面。 定语从句：修饰名词或代词的 句子，通常放在所 修饰词后面。              
This is a pen which is blue.这是一支蓝色的笔。
Li Ming is a by.
Li Ming is a gd by .
with glasses
wh is wearing glasses
Li Ming is a gd by .
连接先行词和定语从句的词
I knw the girl wh is ver there.
定语从句三要素即：1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（通常出现在定语从句前面）2.关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的引导词（关系代词和关系副词）3.做成分：关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当相应成分
关系词：（关系代词和关系副词）
The building which/that stands by the river is ur schl.
关系代词 (又叫引导词)和先行词关系非常密切
在定语从句中代替先行词
定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致
（1）I will never frget the days when I stayed in Nanning. 我将不会忘记我呆在南宁的那些日子。
（2）This is the stry which he lves. 这是他喜欢的那个故事。
Ntes:关系代词that,which,wh,whm,whse 关系副词：when,where,why              
例1：I knw the girl wh is under the tree.
我认识 那个女孩
例2：I still remember the day when I met yu.
我仍然记得 的那天
Ntes:翻译定语从句的方法：1.将整个句子分成两部分， 关系词之前为一部分，关 系词引导的从句为另一部 分。2.前面的句子直接翻译，定 语从句译为”…的”，相 当于形容词的作用。3.整合句子意思，将先行词放在最后。              
I have a sister. She wrks in Shanghai.
1.代替先行词; 2.在定语从句中充当主语或宾语; 3. 连接先行词和定语从句
代替 sister
The building which/that stands by the river is ur schl.
代替先行词the building
把两个简单句连接 起来
决定从句中谓语动词stand的形式
that 多指物，有时也指人， 在定语从句中作主语或宾语， 指物时在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中不可省略。① The majrity f peple that cme frm the cuntry wrk much harder. （that 指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）② This is all (that) I can tell yu. （that 指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略）③ She is the nly persn(that) I can trust.（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
知识点2：关系代词that /which/wh /whm/whse的用法
which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中不可省略。
① They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice. (作主语，不能省略)② It is used t recrd the tickets (which) passengers buy. (作宾语，可以省略)③ He came late, which we all knw. (作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)
先行词是物，只能用that的情况：
当先行词即有人又有物时： I will never frget the things and peple that I saw.
2. 当先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时： Is there anything that I can d fr yu? They dn’t have any bks that we need.
3.当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时： This is the first gift that I bught fr my mm. This is the mst interesting bk that I have read.
4.当先行词被the nly , the very , the same ,the last 修饰时： He is the nly persn that passed the exam in his class.
wh和 whm指人, wh在定语从句中作主语; whm在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制性定语从句中不可省略。
The by wh is playing ftball is my classmate.句子主干：The by is my classmate. 主系表结构定语从句：wh is playing ftball 主系表结构注意：定语从句和主句都是两个成分完整的句子，都有句子主干，而关系代词的作用就是补充从句所缺的主干成分，即主语和宾语。
① The by wh/that is smiling is Tm. (wh/ that 做主语，不可省略)② The by (whm/that) yu want t talk t is in the lab. (whm/that 做talk t后面的宾语，可省略)③ His mther, whm he lved dearly, died in 1818. (whm引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）
whse 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whse 后的名词为所属关系。 whse多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 f which互换使用。
They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn.句子主干：They rushed ver t help the man (主谓结构 t help the man 是目的状语)定语从句：whse car had brken dwn (whse car= man’s car)
① This is the bk whse cver is blue. =This is the bk f which the cver is blue.
② I have a friend whse father is a mayr. ④ She is the girl whse English is the best in ur class.③ We lived in a huse whse windw faces suth. = We lived in a huse f which windw faces suth.
关系代词 that 和 which 的区别 相同点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时, 都可以指物； 在从句中都可作主语或宾语； 作宾语时都可省略。The train that ( which ) has just left is fr Shanghai. ( 作主语 ) The film that (which) we saw last night is wnderful. ( 作宾语，可省略 )
只用that而不用which 的情况(1)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时It’s the mst imprtant task that shuld be finished sn.This is the third time that they have met.(2)先行词既有人又有物时 He talked abut the schls and teachers that he had visited. These are the bks and mvies that I mentined t yu.
(3)先行词为all，much，few，little，smething，everything，anything，nthing，nne 等不定代词时
(4)先行词前面有the very，the nly，the same，any，few，little，n，all，ne f 等词修饰时.
(5)在以“which”,“wh”, “whm” 引起的问句中, 为避免重复, 常用"that"(6)“there be”句型中, 先行词指物用that(7) 先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”
知识点3：关系副词when /where/why的用法
(1) 当day, time, year, mnth等表时间的名词为先行词时，常用关系副词when, when在定语从句中作时间状语。相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
He will always remember the day when (=n which) Jhn returned frm America.
拆分: He will always remember the day. Jhn returned frm America n the day.
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reasn时，如果关系副词作状语，用why，why=fr which.
This is the reasn why(=fr which) he did s.D yu knw the reasn why(=fr which) he left early?This is the reasn why(=fr which) I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.
(2) 当先行词是表示原因的名词reasn时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选that/which,也可省略。My parents didn’t believe the reasn (that/ which) I gave him.
(1)当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介词+whichThis is the classrm where(=in which) we study.I knw a supermarket where(=frm which) we can buy sme tmates.It is the cuntry where(= in which) I was raised.
知识点4：定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句的定义限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。She has fund the necklace that she lst 2 years ag.This is the man wh came t see yu yesterday. It happened at the time when I left the ffice.
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切， 只是对先行词作附加的说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 来引导。
Yesterday, I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be busy. They went t Lndn，where they lived fr six mnths.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)形式上不同非限制性定语从句在书写时往往用逗号和主句分开， 而限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开。
① His daughter, wh is in Bstn nw, is cming hme next week. ② He changed his mind, which made me very angry. ③ These apple trees，which I planted three years ag，have nt brn any fruit.
（3）关系代词的不同非限制性定语从句不能用 that 代替 wh，whm和 which，并且关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略，但在限制性定语从句中却恰恰相反。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. She sang a new sng, which we liked very much.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉， 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义; 而非限制性定语从句是对先行词作的附加说明， 即使去掉， 主句的意思仍然完整。
（4）翻译方式不同限制性定语从句往往译在先行词之前， 而非限制性定语从句往往译为一个并列的句子。She is the nurse wh lks after the children. 她就是照料这些孩子的阿姨。This nte was left by Xia Wu, wh was here a mment ag. 这个条子是小吴留的，她刚才到这儿来过。
as 与 which 在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别
as 和 which 作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，但它们在用法上有区别。(1) 相同之处当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时， as 和 which可以互换。 ①The elephant is like a snake, as/which everybdy can see. ②He is an Englishman, as/which I knw frm his accent. ③A big earthquake ccurred in the west part f Japan last night, as/which was reprted n TV.
知识点3：定语从句的分类
注意： as 引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同 , 那样”的含义，因此在一些固定结构如 as we knw/as is knwn t all( 众所周知 ), as we all can see ( 正如我们都 能看到的那样 ),as has been said befre/abve( 正如前文所述), as has been pinted ut( 正如所指出的那样 ),as might be imagined( 可以想象得到 ), as might be expected( 正如 所预料的 那样 ), as is ften the case( 情况常常是这样 )等中，一般不能用 which 代替 as。
that, which, wh, whm, whse
what, where, when等
在从句中作状语(地点、时间等)
1. 确定是考定语从句
定语从句单项选择解题思路
5. 确定从句谓语动词形式
the ne, the nly...
只用that,不用which
1．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）— D yu remember the place _______ yu visited last year?— Sure. I’ll never frget that place, because I stayed there fr almst 10 years.A．whB．whichC．whseD．what【答案】B【详解】句意：——你还记得去年你参观的地方吗？——当然。我将永远不会忘记那个地方，因为我在那待了差不多十年。考查定语从句关系词。wh先行词指人，在句中作主语或宾语；which先行词指物，在句中作主语、宾语等；whse先行词指人或物，在句中作定语；what不能作定语从句的关系词。根据“…yu visited last year”可知原句是定语从句，先行词place为“物”，在从句中作宾语，故选B。
2．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模）This is the nly bk ________ I find useful.A．whichB．thatC．whD．whse【答案】B【详解】句意：这是我发现的唯一有用的书。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指人或指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；wh关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whse关系代词，在定语从句中作定语。根据the nly可知，当先行词被the nly修饰时， 关系词只能用that。故选B。
3．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考三模）Ya Ya is a giant panda ________ was brn at the Beijing Z and traveled t the Memphis Z in the US in 2003. It returned t Shanghai n April, 27th 2023.A．thatB．whmC．whseD．what【答案】A【详解】句意：丫丫是一只出生在北京动物园的大熊猫，2003年被送往美国孟菲斯动物园。它于2023年4月27日返回上海。考查定语从句的引导词。that引导定语从句时，主语为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whm引导定语从句时，主语为人，在从句中作宾语；whse引导定语从句时，主语为人或物，在从句中作定语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。句中先行词为“a giant panda”，且在句中作主语，故选A。
4．（2023·云南昆明·云南省昆明市第十中学校联考三模）There is a htel ________ is famus fr its beautiful sea views is ppular with many turists.A．whereB．whichC．whD．/【答案】B【详解】句意：有一家以美丽的海景而闻名的旅馆，受到许多游客的欢迎。考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是“a htel”，引导词在从句中作主语，故选B。
5．（2023·甘肃张掖·校联考一模）—What are yu lking fr?—The nly bk ________ my teacher lent me yesterday.A．whichB．thatC．不填D．A, B and C【答案】B【详解】句意：——你在找什么？——昨天老师借给我的唯一一本书。考查定语从句关系词。根据“The nly bk”可知，先行词指物，且被the nly修饰，关系词只能有that。故选B。
6．（2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·统考一模）Mst f the time, a reslutin is a kind f prmise _________ we make t urselves at the beginning f the year.A．whB．whatC．whmD．/【答案】D【详解】句意：大多数时候，决心是我们在新年伊始对自己做出的一种承诺。考查定语从句。wh谁；what什么；wh谁，wh的宾格；/不填。根据“a reslutin is a kind f prmise ... we make t urselves at the beginning f the year”可知，该句是定语从句，先行词prmise“承诺”是抽象事物，关系词应用that/which，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。故选D。
7．（2023·四川乐山·统考模拟预测）—Tmrrw is Father’s Day. What’s yur surprise fr yur father?— The first thing ________ I will d is t make a card fr him.A．whB．whatC．that【答案】C【详解】句意：——明天是父亲节。你给你父亲的惊喜是什么？——我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词有first修饰，因此用关系代词that。故选C。
1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）Yu Gng Mves a Muntain is the best stry ________ I have ever read.A．whB．whereC．that【答案】C【详解】句意：《愚公移山》是我读过的最好的故事。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是stry，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选C。
2．（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）A true friend is a persn ________ reaches fr yur hand and tuches yur heart.A．whB．whmC．whichD．whse【答案】A【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
3．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Vlunteering is a meaningful activity.—I agree. We shuld express thanks t the peple ________ d vlunteer jbs.　　A．whmB．whatC．whD．which【答案】C【详解】句意：——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动。——我同意。我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词peple是指人，在从句中作主语，用wh引导定语从句，故选C。
21．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—What kind f music d yu like, Linda?—I like music ________ I can dance t.A．whenB．thatC．what【答案】B【详解】句意：——琳达，你喜欢什么样的音乐？——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。when先行词是时间，在从句中做状语；that先行词是人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语；what不引导定语从句。空前先行词“music”是物，需用that引导定语从句。故选B。
4．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are yu watching?— A shrt vide abut Zhang Guimei ________ stries mve me deeply.A．whB．whmC．whse【答案】C【详解】句意：——杰夫，你在看什么？——一个关于张桂梅的短视频，她的故事深深打动了我。考查定语从句。wh指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whm指人，在从句中作宾语；whse指人或物，在从句中作定语。从句成分完整，此处指的是张桂梅的故事，应用whse作定语，故选C。