2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：2.1



[话题单词]
1．ancestor n． 祖先
2．discovery n． 发现
3．imagination n． 想象力
4．technology n． 技术
5．benefit n． 益处；利益
6．ancient adj. 古代的
7．vivid adj. 生动的；形象的
8．civilized adj. 文明的
9．fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的
10．invent vt. 发明
11．present vt. 呈现
12．draft n． 草图，草稿；草案
　 vt. 起草；草拟
13．characteristic adj./n. 独特的/特征
14．deserve vt. 应受，值得
15．brilliant adj. 光辉的，灿烂的，卓越的；有才华的
[话题短语]
1．be being displayed＝be on show在展出
2．be located in...坐落在……
3．attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
4．It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知……
5．appreciate the classical literature欣赏古典文学
6．develop an interest in培养……的兴趣
7．works of art 艺术品
8．of great value 很有价值的
9．have a wide knowledge of history具有广博的历史知识
10．be famous for its long history以悠久的历史而闻名
11．protect cultural relics保护文化遗产
12．folk music/pop music/classical music
民间音乐/流行音乐/古典音乐
13．classical literature/contemporary literature
古典文学/当代文学
14．with a long history有悠久的历史
15．date back追溯到
[话题佳句]
1．Do you know these historic events?
你了解这些历史事件吗？
2．China is located in the east of the world.
中国位于世界的东方。
3．China has a history of 5,000 years.
中国有5 000年的历史。
4．It has a long history and attracts many tourists every year.
它有很悠久的历史，每年都吸引很多游客。
5．What’s more，I make a suggestion that we should pay a visit to the nearby museum or the gallery or other places，which will help us learn more about Chinese culture.
而且，我建议我们应该参观附近的博物馆、美术馆或其他地方，这有助于我们更多地了解中国文化。
6．The palace，which is unique in style，attracts a large number of tourists every year.
那座风格独特的宫殿每年吸引着大量的游客。
[佳作背诵]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．到达时间；
2．合适的礼物；
3．餐桌礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Terry，
I am delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.Now I'd like to offer you some advice.
First of all，you'd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.Second，it is a good idea to bring a small gift，such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children.Most importantly，the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.Don't forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.
I hope you will have a great time.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①belong vi.属于；为……的一员
②remove vt.移动；搬开
③debate n．争论；辩论 vi.争论；辩论
④worth prep.值得的 n．价值；作用
⑤survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还 survival n．幸存；生还 survivor n．幸存者
⑥select vt.挑选；选择 selection n．挑选；选择
⑦design n．设计；图案；构思→ vt.设计；计划；构思 designer n．设计者
⑧decorate v．装饰；装修→ decoration n．装饰；装修
⑨doubt n．怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；不信→ doubtful adj.怀疑的
⑩explode vi.爆炸 explosion n．爆炸
⑪amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→ amazing
adj.令人吃惊的→ amazed adj.吃惊的；惊愕的
2．阅读单词
①entrance n．入口
②sink vi.下沉；沉下
③wooden adj.木制的
④style n．风格；类型；风度
⑤former adj.以前的；从前的
⑥fancy adj.奇特的，异样的；
vt.想象；设想；爱好
⑦trial n审判；试验；试用
⑧dynasty n．朝代；王朝
⑨informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.(反义词)正式的
⑩artist n．艺术家
art n．艺术
⑪reception n．接待；招待会；接收
receive v．接受；接收
⑫rare adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
rarely adv.很少地；罕有地
⑬evidence n．根据；证据
evident adj.明显的；明白的
⑭valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
value n. & v．价值；重视
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．They have made amazing (amaze)achievements in the past few years，shocking many people.
2．There were so many people at the entrance(enter)to the park waiting to buy tickets.
3．As we all know，time is the most valuable (value)wealth that one can have.
4．Some drivers like to draw some special patterns as decorations (decorate)on their cars.
5．There is no doubt that Catherine is doubtful about her future，for she doubts whether she can continue to work.(doubt)
6．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident)
7．Luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
8．As far as I know，the designers who designed all our bank cards have made our life easier.(design)
9．It's reported that the coach will select twelve basketball players to take part in the sports meeting.The final team selection will be made tomorrow.(select)

1．“值得”家族
①worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值 n．价值；作用
②worthy adj.值得的，应得的
③worthiness n．价值，值得
④worthwhile adj.值得的，值钱的，有价值的
⑤deserve vt.值得
2．“喜欢”家族速记
①fancy喜欢，想要；想象；设想
②like喜欢，喜爱
③love喜爱，喜好，喜欢
④enjoy喜欢，欣赏
⑤favor喜欢，支持，赞成
⑥prefer更喜欢
⑦admire喜欢，赞赏，钦佩
⑧be fond of喜欢，喜爱
⑨be keen on喜欢，喜爱
3．后缀“-ent”形容词与“-ence”名词大集合
①violent暴力的
②violence暴力
③silent沉默的
④silence沉默
⑤different不同的
⑥difference差异
⑦patient有耐心的
⑧patience耐心
⑨confident自信的
⑩confidence信心
⑪evident明显的
⑫evidence证据
⑬intelligent聪明的
⑭intelligence智力
⑮independent独立的
⑯independence独立
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①belong to属于
②serve as充当；起作用
③look into调查
④add... to...把……加到……上
⑤take apart拆开
2．介词＋名词＋介词
①in return作为报答；回报
②at war处于交战状态
③in search of寻找
④by the light of借助……的光线
3．其他形式
①less than少于
②rather than而不是；与其
③think highly of看重；器重
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Last but not least，it is the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes us respectable.
2．Tired as they are，the rescuers are still in search of the missing people in the flash floods.
3．The police are busy looking into the cause of the traffic accident.
4．This is a small house less than 30 square meters，but a large family of three generations lives in it.
5．It's easy to take apart this imported camera，while putting the pieces together is quite difficult，so you must keep the directions well.
6．As is known to us，China is a country belonging to the third world.

1．“at＋n.”常考短语荟萃
①at peace处于和平时期
②at school在求学
③at play在玩耍
④at sea在大海上，在航行
⑤at work在工作
⑥at war处于交战状态
2．take短语集锦
①take away拿走，减去；夺去
②take back收回，取消
③take down取下，记下，占领，拆毁
④take in吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会
⑤take apart拆开，拆卸
3．表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结
(1)故意地：①by design　②on purpose
③deliberately
(2)偶然地：①by chance　②by accident
③accidentally
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海岸边的一个城市。
There is no doubt that...是固定句式，意为“毫无疑问……”。
毫无疑问，教育是一个我们应该赋予更多关注的问题。
There is no doubt that education is a problem we should pay more attention to.
2.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
“疑问词＋to do sth.”，在句中作宾语。它还可以作主语或表语。
我很荣幸在这里和大家交流在高中要学习什么的看法。
It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
3.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何一个政府。
“nor/neither＋be 动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物。
父母们不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许他们不服从自己的命令。
The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Brave Maid
A wooden vase from the Ming Dynasty at the entrance of the reception hall amazed everyone.The artists designed it in a rare style and selected 1.valuable(value) jewels to decorate it.People thought highly of 2.its(it) fancy colour of honey and the beautiful paintings on it.
The vase used to belong to a former castle.But3.when the country was at war，the enemy troops exploded the castle.Debates on how the vase 4.survived(survive) went on and on.In order to remove people’s doubt，5.a team of no less than 20 people carried out an 6.informal(form) investigation.The evidences they found showed that a maid took the vase 7.apart(part) and asked a sailor to sink it in a local well.She never gave 8.away the secret even under the cruel trial of the enemies who were 9.in search of treasures.
It is worth 10.giving(give) this brave maid a fortune in return.
Notes：honey /'hʌnɪ/ n. 蜂蜜　investigation/ɪnˌvestɪ'geɪʃn/ n．侦查；(正式的)调查，研究


survive vt.比……活得长；幸免于；从(困境等中)挺过来
vi.幸免；幸存；生还
(教材原句)Is it enough to have survived for a long time?
只是存在的时间长就足够了吗？
拓展词：survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还
survive sth.在……之后仍然生存下来，从……中逃生
survive sb.(by...)比……活得长(多长时间)
survive on sth.靠……存活下来
survive from sth.从……存活下来；流传下来
(1)Life isn't about how to survive (survive) the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain.生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中起舞。
(2)As far as I know，the old man survived the earthquake，but “nobody knew how he survived.Finally，he survived his wife by 10 years.(survive)
据我所知，这位老人在地震中幸免于难，但是没有人知道他是如何幸存下来的。最后，他比他的妻子多活了10年。
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and-land-survival(survive) through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
design n．&vt设计；图案；构思；计划
(教材原句)：The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时很流行的奇特建筑式样。
拓展词：designer n．设计师；构思者
(1)by design＝on purpose 故意地
(2)design sth. for sth. 指定某物用作某种用途
be designed as/for/to do(为某种特定目的)而计划；设计
(1)The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed(design) to be a personalized assistant.
准备在今年晚些时候上市的Jibo机器人被设计为一个个性化的助手。
(2)Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or by design/on purpose？
你认为这起交通事故是意外呢，还是有意为之？
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design) approach this important point.
fancy adj.奇特的；异样的
vt.想象；设想；爱好
n．空想；幻想；爱好
(教材原句)The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时很流行的奇特建筑式样。
fancy...to be/as...认为……是……
fancy doing sth.想要做某事
catch/take sb.'s fancy合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth.喜欢上/爱上某人/物
(1)She has simply taken a fancy to the place.
她简直是爱上了这个地方。
(2)Do you fancy going(go) to the dance on Saturday night？星期六晚上你想去跳舞吗？
(3)She looked through the hotel advertisements until one of them caught/took her fancy.
她仔细查看旅馆广告，直到有一家符合她的心意。
worth n．价值；作用
adj.值得的；相当于……的价值
(教材原句)Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing？重建失去的文化遗产，如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园，是否值得？
(1)be(well)worth doing...(非常)值得做……
be worth the money/an effort/a try
值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
(2)be worthy
(3)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事(1)Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事都值得被做好。
(2)Whatever happens tomorrow，this experience has been worth the effort.
不管明天发生什么事，这次经历都是值得的。
(3)写作能力提升
既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is well worth experiencing.(worth)
②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is well worthy to be experienced/of being experienced.(worthy)
③Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think it is well worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival.(worthwhile)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It is worth mentioning(mention) that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches.

in search of寻找；搜寻
(教材原句)IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀屋
(1)in one's search for寻找；寻求
(2)search sth/sb搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for寻找
search...for...为找到……而搜查……
(1)The police searched for him everywhere.He was caught at last and now the police are searching (search) him.警察到处搜捕他。最终他被抓住了，现在警察正在对他进行搜身。
(2)写作能力提升
所有的村民出发寻找丢失的男孩，但是没找到。
①All the villagers went out in search of the lost boy，but in vain.(search n．)
②All the villagers went out in their search for the lost boy，but in vain.(search n．)
③All the villagers went out to search for the lost boy，but in vain.(search v．)
belong to属于；是……的成员；应归入
(教材原句)However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William I，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。
(1)belong to中to为介词，后接名词或代词宾格
(2)belong to无被动语态，无进行时态
(3)belongings n．所有物，财产
(4)a sense/feeling of belonging归属感
(1)If you grasp hope with your firm hands，the victory will certainly belong to you.
如果你用坚决的双手紧握着希望，胜利必然属于你。
(2)单句语法填空
①If you love someone，you will like all belonging(belong)to him.
②Having sold most of his belongings(belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house.
③In my opinion，you'd better put the book to which it belongs.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging(belong)，a bond with others.
in return作为回报
(教材原句)In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。
(1)in return for作为对……的交换(回报)
on one's return某人一回来
in turn轮流；依次；反过来
by turns轮流；时而……时而……
(2)return sth. to sb.＝return sb. sth.归还某人某物
return to...回到……
(1)The world has kissed my soul with its pain，asking for its songs in return.世界以痛吻我，要我报之以歌。
(2)I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.
我希望我能做点儿什么事来报答他对我的好。
(3)写作能力提升
On her return to England，she published an account of her travels.(用“on＋doing”改写)
→On returning to England，she published an account of her travels.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Ben was well enough to be allowed to return( return) and later the family met up for dinner.

There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
There is no doubt that...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that在句中引导同位语从句，做doubt的同位语。
(1)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt of/about...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...有……疑问
(2)I don't/never doubt that...我确信……
I doubt whether/if...我怀疑……
(3)There is＋
It is no use/no good doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处
It is no wonder that...(＝No wonder that...)难怪；怪不得……
[要点释疑]
doubt vt.后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
(1)This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们变聪明了或是变笨了，但毫无疑问，我们使用记忆的方式正在改变。
(2)单句语法填空
①You can phone the doctor.However，I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night.
②I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
③There is no need to put (put)the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.
④It is no use blaming (blame)，and we should do something to protect the balance of ecology.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)．But the urge would no doubt(doubtful) be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.
In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
该句为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
(1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
(2)why或why not后加不定式时，不定式省略符号to。
(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可。
(1)When and where to go on an outing hasn't been decided yet.何时何地去郊游还没有决定。
(2)He showed me how to do the work.
他给我展示怎样做这项工作。
(3)写作能力提升
①He doesn't know what he will talk about.
→He doesn't know what to talk about.
②I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not.
→I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.
③By the way，why don't you drop in for a drink this evening?
→By the way，why not drop in for a drink this evening？
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live(live) more with less.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Having lost his job，he began to interest himself in local(当地的)voluntary work.
2．I arrived at the classroom with paper cards designed(设计)in the shape of maple leaves.
3．The man went into the room and selected(挑选)the best suit for me.
4．She took one look at the horse and her heart sank(下沉)．
5．Some firefighters put out the fire before the car exploded(爆炸)．
6．At the moment we are debating (争论)what furniture to buy for the house.
7．It was not until he removed(摘掉)his sunglasses that I recognized him.
8．Informal(非正式的)clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I doubt that they can swim across the river.that→if/whether
2．Luckily enough，he was the only one who survived in the flood.去掉in
3．It is said that the early European playing cards were designed to entertainment and educationto→for
4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor.for→of
5．All the acts were good，but the evening was belonged to a dance group from Moscow.去掉was
6．Believe it or not，this is the most amazed experience of my life.amazed→amazing
7．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us？return后加for
8．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.very→well
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
The Amber Room, one of the great 1.wonders (wonder) of the world, was a great work that took ten years to make. In 1716, the Amber Room 2.was given (give) to the Russian people as a gift of friendship by Frederick William I, who loved best soldiers more than the Amber Room 3.itself (it). In Russia, the room first served 4.as a small reception hall for 5.important (importance) visitors and later moved and redesigned by Catherine Ⅱ. 6.Unfortunately (unfortunate), the Amber Room disappeared when the Nazi Germany and Russia were at war and now nobody knows 7.what happened to it. In the spring of 2003, however, a new Amber Room, 8.built (build) by the Russians and Germans on the 9.basis (base) of old photos, was ready for the people of St Petersburg to celebrate 10.the 300th birthday of their city.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
A FACT OR AN OPINION?
What is a fact？Is it something that people believe？No. A fact is anything which can be proved. For an example, it can be proved which China has many people than any other country in the world. This is a fact.
Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believe is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say“Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficultly to prove. Some people may not agree this opinion but they also cannot prove that we are right.
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider how each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true informations, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is calling evidence.
A FACT OR AN OPINION?
What is a fact？Is it something that people believe？No. A fact is anything can be proved. For
an example, it can be proved that China has people than any other country in the world. This is a fact.
Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say“Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is to prove. Some people may not agree this opinion but they also cannot prove that are right.
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true ， which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is evidence.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．众所周知，文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。
2．为了寻找它们，许多人付出了艰苦努力。
3．其中一些文化遗产已遭破坏，只有少数幸免于难。
4．毫无疑问保护好文化遗产是我们的责任。
5．让我们都行动起来，致力于环境与文化遗产的保护吧。
It’s well－known that cultural relics belong to the human beings rather than individuals.A lot of people try their best to search for them.Some of the cultural relics have been damaged while only a few survive.There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics.
Let’s all take action now and contribute to the environmental and cultural relics protection.