2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：3.2



[话题单词]
1．nutrition n． 营养
2．health n． 健康
3．vitamin n． 维生素
4．energy n． 精力，活力
5．comfortable adj. 舒适的
6．matter v． 关系；要紧
7．cabbage n． 卷心菜
8．butter n． 黄油
9．carrot n． 胡萝卜
10．chicken n． 鸡肉
11．cream n． 奶油，乳脂
12．digest vt. 消化；领会
13．sausage n． 香肠，腊肠
14．raw adj. 生的，未煮熟的
15．fry v． 油煎，油炸
[话题短语]
1．be rich in富有
2．be high/low in含……高/低
3．be made up of由……组成
4．lose weight减肥
5．be in good/bad condition身体状况良好/糟糕
6．a healthy life style健康的生活方式
7．green food绿色食品
8．healthy diet健康饮食
9．proper diet合理的饮食
10．keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食
11．keep fit保持健康
12．get overweight变得肥胖
13．of great importance十分重要
14．The strength/advantage of...is that...……的优势是……
15．form a．.. eating habit养成一个……的饮食习惯
[话题佳句]
1．You are what you eat.食如其人。
2．An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一苹果，医生远离我。
3．Eating in a healthy way and exercising regularly are the key to keeping healthy.
健康饮食和经常运动是保持健康的关键。
4．I don't want junk food any more.I'd like to try some healthy foods.
我再也不想吃垃圾食品了，我想吃点健康的食物。
5．The majority of people eat too much fat and not enough fibre，which does great harm to their health.
大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维不足，这对他们的健康很有害。
6．A healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods rich in vitamins，fibre and mineral，and low in fat and calories.
健康饮食包括饮食多样化，吃富含维生素、纤维和矿物质而脂肪和热量含量低的食物。
[佳作背诵]
目前，食品安全问题引起了人们的广泛关注。一些生产厂商为了降低成本追求利润，削减了必要的安全措施，致使一些劣质或有害食品流入市场，对人们的健康产生了极大的危害。请你就此事给一家英文报刊写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注此事。
参考词汇：利润 profit；安全措施 safety measures
Dear Sir，
I'm writing to talk about the problems of food safety nowadays.To reduce the cost and make more profits, some food companies don't take necessary safety measures to guarantee the food quality.As a result，more and more low-quality food flows into the market，doing a lot of harm to consumers' health.
In my opinion, food is essential to human beings.We can not live without proper food.If no notice were taken of food safety，the health of the whole nation would suffer.So I call on the whole society to take action and put an end to the low-quality food.Only in this way can we live a healthier life.
Yours truly，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①fresh adj. 新鲜的
②discount n．折扣；打折
③glare vi.怒目而视；闪耀n.怒视；炫目的光
④spy vt.&vi.窥探；秘密监视n.间谍；侦探
⑤sigh vi. 叹息；叹气n.叹息；叹息声
⑥slim adj.苗条的，纤细的
⑦consult vt.咨询；请教；商量→consultant n．顾问；咨询者
⑧balance vt. 平衡；权衡n.天平；平衡→ balanced adj.均衡的
⑨benefit n．利益；好处vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
⑩limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度 →limited adj.有限的→ limitation n．范围；限制
⑪digest vi.&vt.消化 n．摘要；概要→digestion n．消化
2．阅读单词
①diet n. 日常饮食
vi. 节食
②weakness n. 缺点；虚弱；弱点
③raw adj. 生的，未煮过的，未加工的
④customer n. 顾客；消费者
⑤fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品
⑥strength n. 强项；长处；力量
strengthen vt. 加强
⑦curiosity n. 好奇心→curious adj. 好奇的→curiously adv. 好奇地
⑧protective adj.保护的；给予保护的→protect vt.保护；防卫→protection n．保护；防卫
⑨cooperation n．合作；协作→cooperate v. 合作；配合→cooperative adj.合作的
⑩combine vt.&vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n. 联合；结合
⑪poisonous adj.有毒的→poison v．放毒；使中毒 n．毒药；有毒害的事物
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．You see，a bit of respect and cooperation(cooperate)can do the job better.
2．Hydrogen combined (combine)with oxygen can form water.
3．With limited (limit)time and attention，we have to be careful about what we look for and what we pay attention to.
4．Children are often full of curiosity (curious)and they take great interest in everything.
5．A balanced (balance)diet is important to health.
6．Forgiveness can be surprisingly beneficial (benefit)to your physical and mental health.
7．The best way to strengthen (strength)willpower is to make it into a habit.
8．They stood there，glaring(glare)at each other without a word.
9．He is one of the frequent customers (customer)in the shop.
10．Don't take his patience as a sign of weakness(weak)．

1．“看，观察”动词家族
①look (at) 强调看的动作
②see 强调看到的结果
③watch 观看(精力集中)
④witness 亲眼看见，目击
⑤observe 仔细观察
⑥glare (at) 生气地看
⑦glance (at) 瞥一眼
⑧stare (at) 凝视
2．后缀-ed 必备形容词集锦
①balanced 平衡的
②limited 有限的
③complicated 复杂的
④experienced 有经验的
⑤learned 博学的
⑥skilled 熟练的
⑦related 相关的
⑧united 联合的，统一的
3．un-前缀的高频形容词荟萃
①uncertain 不确定的
②uncommon 不常有的
③unlikely 不可能的
④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unaware 不知道的
⑥unfortunate 不幸的
⑦unconscious 失去知觉的
⑧unable 不能的，不会的
⑨unimportant 不重要的
⑩ unequal 不平等的
⑪unreasonable 不合理的
⑫unwilling 不愿意的
⑬unbelievable 难以置信的
⑭unlike 不像的
⑮unfair 不公平的
⑯unusual 不寻常的
⑰unhappy 不幸福的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词(＋介词)
①spy on 暗中监视；侦查
②cut down 削减；删节
③get away with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
④win...back赢回；重新获得
2．动词＋名词
①lose weight 体重减轻；减肥
②tell a lie 说谎
③ earn one's living 谋生
3．其他形式
①balanced diet 平衡膳食
②ought to 应当；应该
③in debt 欠债
④before long 不久以后
⑤put on weight 增加体重
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The man ought to be fired.You shouldn't let him get away with stealing from the shop.
2．The newcomer feels his neighbours are always looking out of their windows，spying on him.
3．Since the dancers have to pay the high cost of clothing out of their own pockets，they are often heavily in debt.
4．He worked hard to win back his boss' trust and respect.
5．You eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat，which makes you put on weight easily.

1．“动词＋down”短语荟萃
①bring down 降低
②cut down 削减；删节
③slow down 慢下来
④break down 坏了；中止
⑤turn down 拒绝；拆下
⑥settle down 定居；平静下来
2．“动词＋back”短语一览
①keep back 隐瞒，忍住
②look back (on) 回顾
③hold back 控制住
④give back 归还
⑤call/ring back 回电话
⑥take back 拿回，收回
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.“Nothing could be better，”he thought.
他想：“再没有比这些更好(吃)的了。”
否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。
就我个人而言，身体健康最重要。
As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than health.
2.Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他的餐馆里来吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
as引导方式状语从句。
如果所有来仙女湖的游客都像这对夫妇那样做的话，这个湖将会被严重污染并很快成为一个巨大的垃圾场。
If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.
3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
can't have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”。
我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。
I can't have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner.
4.I don't want to upset you，but I found your menu so limited that...
我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太有限了，所以……
so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
这是一次如此重要的会议，你应该参加。
This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Balanced Diet
John earned his living by running a barbecue restaurant，1.which served delicious bacon，fried chicken breast and mutton roasted with pepper and garlic.But his food and discount 2.attracted(attract) fewer and fewer customers.Finally，he was 3.indebt.Next to John's restaurant，there was a slimming restaurant 4.serving(serve) fresh peas，carrots，eggplants，and raw cucumbers with vinegar.The hostess5.was called(call) Mary，who often said fibres benefited customers' digestion the 6.most(more)，which attracted many customers who used to come to John's restaurant .In order not to let Mary get away with telling 7.lies(lie)，John spied on Mary despite her glare.But he was surprised that she was losing her customers，too.
Curiosity drove John 8.to consult(consult) an expert.The expert sighed and said，“Both of your menus have weakness and limited strength.Your customers put on weight too easily，while Mary 's lose weight too 9.quickly(quick)．So，John，cut down the fat of your food and increase vegetables and fruits，like nuts，beans，mushrooms，peaches and lemons.You ought to combine the two menus and provide 10.a balanced diet.”
Before long，John won his customers back.


balance vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡
(教材原句)What will happen to you if you don't eat a balanced diet？假如你的饮食不均衡会怎样呢？
拓展词：balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的
(1)on balance总的说来
keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
keep/lose (one's)balance保持/失去平衡
off balance失去平衡；不知所措
(2)balance...against权衡，比较
(1)Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep balance you must keep going on.
生活就像骑自行车。只有不断前行才能保持平衡。
(2)单句语法填空。
①You must balance the good points against the bad points and then make your decision.
②Having balanced (balance)meals is very important，especially for teens who are growing up.
③When he recalls his struggling years，he says it is not easy to balance(balance)working and studying.




strength n．[C]长处；强项[U]力量；体力
(教材原句)The strength of the diet in Wang Peng's restaurant was that it provided plenty of energy-giving food.
王鹏的餐馆里的膳食的优点是提供含有足够热量的食物。
拓展词：strengthen vt.&vi.加强
build up one's strength增强体力
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
The strength of...is that...……的优点是……
(1)I hope you have/find the strength to start(start) all over again.我希望你能有勇气重头再来。
(2)The wind was strengthening(strength)．风力正在增强。
(3)单句语法填空
①As we all know，no one is perfect，and everyone has his own strengths(strength)and weaknesses.
②He has been doing morning exercises to build up his strength.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles , avoid hills and get good running shoes.
lie vi.说谎；躺下；位于 n．谎言；谎话
(教材原句)He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
(1)lie 谎话；说谎
(2)lie 位于，躺
(3)lay 放；产卵
(1)It's a sad fact of life：Lies are lies，and sometimes the truth can lie (lie)as well.
让人伤心的事实：谎言就是谎言，有时事实也撒谎。
(2)语境活用
①The man lying (lie) there lied (lie) that he had laid (lay) the money on the table.
躺在那里的那个人撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。
②The boy lied (lie) that he lay (lie) in bed and laid (lay) a cock in a box and saw it laying (lay) an egg.
男孩撒谎说他躺在床上把公鸡放在盒子里看着它下蛋。　
[要点释疑]
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
词性
lie
lied
lied
lying
说谎
不及物
lie
lay
lain
lying
躺，位于
不及物
lay
laid
laid
laying
放置；下蛋
及物
benefit n．利益；好处
vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益
(教材原句)I don't want to upset you，but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.
我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。
拓展词：beneficial adj.有益的；有利的
(1)benefit sb./sth.对某人/物有益
benefit from/by从……中受益
(2)be of benefit to对……有益
for one's benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益
(3)be beneficial to对……有益
(1)Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.今天我们受益于无数的创造和发明。
(2)In fact，music education is beneficial(benefit) and important for all students.事实上，音乐教育对于所有的学生都是有益而且重要的。
(3)写作能力提升
新规定对所有学生都有好处。
①The new regulation will be of benefit to all the students.(be of benefit)
②The new regulation will be beneficial to all the students.(beneficial)
③All the students will benefit from the new regulation.(benefit from)
④The new regulation will benefit all the students.(benefit vt.)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits(benefit)．

get away with被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚；携某物潜逃
(教材原句)　He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
get away离开，脱身；休假，度假
get away from从……脱离；逃脱
get along/on with进展；与……相处
get down to(doing)sth开始认真做某事
get across解释清楚，使人了解；传达
get over克服；恢复
get in 插话；收割(庄稼)
get round/around/about走动；(消息等)传开
get through完成；接通电话；通过；用完
(1)We are hoping to get away to Paris for a few days.
我们想要到巴黎度几天假。
(2)I needed to get away from the pressures of work.
我需要排遣工作的压力。
(3)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①The child ought to be punished.You shouldn't let him get away with telling lies.
②It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.
③I've been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I can't seem to get through.
④Your paper wouldn't get across to readers if you used too many technical terms in it.
cut down削减；删节；降低(减少)；砍倒；改小或缩短(衣服等)；夺去生命
(教材原句)In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.
这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。
cut across抄近路穿过
cut in插嘴；插入
cut off切断(电、煤气)；使……孤立，隔绝
cut out删除；停止
cut short截短
cut up切碎
cut through凿穿；剪断；抄近路
(1)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.削减
②Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.删减
③He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.砍倒
④He was cut down by the lung cancer at an early age.夺去生命
(2)用cut相关短语的适当形式填空
①The workers are doing all they can to cut down the accident rate.
②It's much quicker if we cut across the grass.
③If you don't pay your gas bill，they will cut off the supply.
④He had cut up the meat before his mother came back.
⑤Please cut out my overcoat according to this pattern.
in debt欠债；欠款
(教材原句)He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.
他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。
be heavily/deeply in debt债台高筑
go/get/run/slip into debt陷入债务之中
pay off one's debts偿清债务
be/stay out of debt不负债；还清债务
be in debt to sb.欠某人债
be in sb's debt欠某人的情；感激某人
(1)You have been so kind to us that we shall alway feel we are deeply in your debt.
你对我们太好了，我们将永远感激不尽。
(2)用debt相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you carry on spending like this，you'll soon get into debt.
②It's not easy to keep out of debt when prices are rising so fast.
③Although he was born into one of the wealthiest families in the United States，Thomas Jefferson was deeply in debt when he died.

“Nothing could be better”，he thought.他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了”。
nothing could be better意为“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)”，为否定词和比较级连用表示最高级含义。
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
(1)never＋比较级
(2)
(3)can/could＋never/not＋enough/too
(4)比较级＋than＋
(1)Nothing is more(much)precious than health.
健康的身体是最宝贵的。
(2)You can never be too careful in your work.你工作再认真小心也不为过。
(3)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier(happy)than I was.
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
(4)写作能力提升
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
①Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
②Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.
③Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.
④Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.
⑤No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
⑥No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.
⑦Tom is the most intelligent student in his class.
He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！他可不允许雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！
have sb. doing sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，have sb doing用于否定句时，have表示“容忍”。
(1)have sb/sth doing sth让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续)(肯定句)
(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事(相当于make sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth.)
(3)have sth. done
(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做)
(5)have sth. to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)
[要点释疑]
(1)have sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，不定式作宾补省略to，但被动式不省。
(2)have sth.done
(1)Don't be worried.I'll have Tom help(help)you finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。
(2)She fell off her bike and had her leg broken(break)．
她从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。
(3)You'd better have your eyes examined(examine)tomorrow.你明天最好去检查一下眼睛。
(4)单句语法填空
①She will have you doing(do)all the housework if you're not careful.
②By the time he came back，she had had a good fire burning(burn)and had taken the stove into the room.
③I woke up in the night and found we had water dipping (dip)through the ceiling.
④I have to do my hair up，for I will have an important meeting to attend(attend)．
⑤It's better to have your car washed(wash)before you get into the city.
⑥After having had his hair cut(cut)，Professor Smith went straight to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport, so I will have to have my photograph taken( take)．

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The patient is recovering slowly；therefore，you had better choose some foods which digest(消化) more easily.
2．We aim to offer good value and service to all our customers(顾客)．
3．If you place orders now，we will give you a 5% discount (折扣)．
4．He didn't shout or swear，but just glared (怒视)silently at me.
5．In order to be more charming and slimmer(苗条)，girls tend to go on a diet.
6．Regular exercise combined with balanced diets (日常饮食)is the healthy recipe for life.
7．I found myself surrounded by a group of children full of curiosity(好奇心)．
8．When her five daughters were young，Helene An always told them that there was strength (力量)in unity.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Consulting the doctor，and you will get the full information on the disease.Consulting→Consult或去掉and
2．Since the dancers have to pay the high cost of clothing out of their own pockets，they are often heavily in the debt.去掉debt前的the
3．Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strength.strength→strengths
4．You are working too hard.You'd better keep balance between work and relaxation.keep后加a
5．As we all know，there is no limit to help the people in trouble.help→helping
6．The new regulation will be beneficial for everyone concerned.for→to
7．In order to make herself more beautiful，she had her hair cutting yesterday.cutting→cut
8．—Would you like some more chicken?
—No，thanks.I am at a diet and I'm trying to lose weightat→on.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Wang Peng felt very frustrated 1. when he saw none of his patrons(常客) would eat in his restaurant. In his opinion，nothing could be better 2.than his fried rice，barbecued mutton kebabs，roast pork or his sugary cola.Who won his customers? He followed one of his best friends into Yong Hui's 3.newly (new) opened slimming restaurant and was amazed 4.at the menu there：rice，raw vegetables，fruit and water.It was obvious that Yong Hui was telling lies when promising to make the customers 5.thinner (thin). In order to win his customers 6.back，he went to the library to do some research,7.which showed Yong Hui's menu didn't give the customers energy-giving food.Having found out the weakness of Yong Hui's menu，Wang Peng wrote his own sign,8.saying(say) energy-giving food served.In fact，there was weakness in Wang Peng's menu，too.Food at his restaurant 9.contains(contain) too much fat.So the only solution is to combine the two menus together to be 10.a balanced menu.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Finally，Yong Hui and Wang Peng could began to talk about menus and balanced diets in the peace.They found neither of their restaurants offer a balanced diet. So they decided to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full with energy and fibre.Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became much slim and Yong Hui put on more weigh. After some time the two found that their business cooperations had turned into a personally one.At last they got married and lived happy ever after.
答案：Finally，Yong Hui and Wang Peng could to talk about menus and balanced diets in the peace.They found neither of their restaurants a balanced diet.So they decided to combine ideas and provide a balanced menu with food 或 energy and fibre.Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became much and Yong Hui put on more .After some time the two found that their business had turned into a one.At last they got married and lived ever after.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．这是保持健康的几条建议。
2．你需要健康平衡的饮食。
3．不要吃富含糖类和脂肪的食物。
4．它们会很容易让你长胖。
5．因此应该减少它们的摄入量。
6．为了健康，充分的休息是必要的。
Here are some tips to keep healthy.You need a healthy and balanced diet，besides，don't eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat，which will make you put on weight easily.Therefore，you should cut down the amount of them.At the same time，it is necessary to have enough rest for the benefit of your health.