(译林版)2020版高考英语一轮习第1部分：语言知识 必修3 Unit 1　能力提升题组训练（A）(含解析)

www.ks5u.com必修3　Unit 1　The world of our senses

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2018北京海淀区高三二模)

Why Do People Blink Their Eyes?

People blink(眨眼)their eyes tens of thousands of times every day.Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet.But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.

An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids.The journal Current Biology published their findings.The team said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing.They said that when we blink our eyelids,the eyes roll back into their sockets—the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes.However,the researchers found the eyes don’t always return to the same position.They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to reorganize our eyesight.

Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report.He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.Maus said,“Our eye muscles are quite sluggish(迟缓的)and imprecise,so the brain needs to constantly adapt its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they’re supposed to.Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink,and commands the eye muscles to make the needed corrections.” The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy.They said the movement acts “like a steadicam(摄影机稳定器)of the mind.”

The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while staring at a small dot on a flat surface.They used special cameras to follow the   volunteers’ blinks and eye movements.After each blink,the dot was moved one centimeter to the right.The volunteers did not notice this,but the brain did.It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot.After the dot was moved in this way 30 times,the volunteers’ eyes changed their focus to the place where they predicted it would be.

Professor Maus said,“Even though participants did not consciously register  that the dot had moved,their brains did,and adjusted with the corrective eye movements.These findings add to our understanding of how the brain constantly adapts to changes,commanding our eye muscles to correct for errors in our bodies’ own hardware.”

1.According to the new study,blinking eyes can 　　　. 

A.serve to keep the eyeballs wet   B.reposition eyeballs to stay focused

C.consciously correct eye movements   D.make our eyes adapt to motor signals

2.From the experiment,we can learn that 　　　. 

A.volunteers could see the moving dot with special cameras

B.the eyeballs could stay in the place as they were predicted

C.participants were aware of the dot’s movements to the right

D.the brain commanded the eye muscles to refocus on the dot

3.The underlined word “register” in Paragraph 5 probably means 　　　. 

A.realize  B.refocus     C.reserve   D.reason

4.This passage shows that 　　　. 

A.eye muscles are quite inactive and imprecise

B.the research is of great value in the eye movement

C.the brain plays an important role in seeing things clearly

D.volunteers control their blinks to follow the changes of the dot

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为眼球的不断闪烁有一个更重要的用途——让我们可以保持眼神的集中。

答案及剖析:

1.B　细节理解题。根据The team said they found that blinking“ repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused”on what we are seeing...They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to reorganize our eyesight.可知,眨眼睛是在复位我们的眼球,这样我们可以专注于我们所看到的。故选B。

2.D　细节理解题。根据After each blink,the dot was moved one centimeter to the right.The volunteers did not notice this,but the brain did.It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot.可知,是我们的大脑指挥着眼部肌肉,使得眼球重新聚焦在点上。故选D

3.A　词义猜测题。本句句意为“即使参与者没有意识到点的移动,但是他们的大脑意识到了,并调整矫正眼球随之运动。”故选A。

4.C　主旨大意题。由全文内容可知,我们的大脑指挥着眼部肌肉,通过眨眼睛的动作复位我们的眼球,使得眼球重新聚焦在我们看的物体上。所以,大脑在我们看清物体方面起着重要作用。故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2018安徽合肥联考)

A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.1.　　 

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.2.
　　　 After a while,it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead,it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物).3.　　　 That means harmful material may get into our food supply. 

4.　　　 Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single-use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected,broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to,rather than end it after the first use.We could, when we get rid of that plastic,recycle it and reuse it,which replaces the need for raw materials. 

The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.5.
　　　 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic,industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. 

But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A.Then,fish may eat the plastics.

B.But people can make a big difference.

C.Plastics should be gathered together and reused.

D.It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

E.It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.

F.The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

G.The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

答案:1-5　GFABE

Ⅲ.完形填空

Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all　1　places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 　2　 somewhere else instead.I had the　3　of seeing this first hand on a　4　. 

My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did very well this season and so　5　a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some　6　experiences on Saturday as they played against teams　7　trained. Through the first two games,her　8　did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent,I　9　seeing my daughter playing her best,　10　still defeated. 

It seemed that something clicked with the　11　between Saturday and Sunday.When they　12　for their Sunday game,they were　13　different.They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had　14　the day before into their　15　.They played aggressively and　16　scored a goal. 

It　17　me that playing against the other team was a great　18　moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.　19　is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be　20　what they would have gotten in school,but are certainly more personal and meaningful,because they had to work them out on their own. 

1.A.public    B.traditional C.official   D.special

2.A.passes    B.works        C.lies       D.ends

3.A.dream    B.idea        C.habit       D.chance

4.A.trip    B.holiday    C.weekend   D.square

5.A.won        B.entered    C.organized   D.watched

6.A.painful    B.strange   C.common       D.practical

7.A.less    B.poorly       C.newly      D.better

8.A.fans    B.tutors      C.class      D.team

9.A.imagined B.hated      C.avoided    D.missed

10.A.if         B.or      C.but        D.as

11.A.girls     B.parents C.coaches    D.viewers

12.A.dressed B.showed up C.made up    D.planned

13.A.slightly B.hardly C.basically    D.completely

14.A.seen    B.known     C.heard       D.read

15.A.styles    B.training C.game       D.rules

16.A.even     B.still     C.seldom    D.again

17.A.confused B.struck C.reminded    D.warned

18.A.touching   B.thinking    C.encouraging    D.learning

19.A.Experience   B.Independence C.Curiosity        D.Interest

20.A.harmful to   B.mixed with     C.different from D.applied to

语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿所在的足球队在和训练有素的对手比赛时前两场输了,但是这些女孩子把比赛的经验融合到了第二天的比赛中,终于得分了。作者由此得出了“经验是最好的老师”的结论。

答案及剖析:

1.B　空格前的“School? A friend? A tutor?”所指的都是传统的(traditional) 我们可以求教的地方。public公共的; official官方的; special特殊的。

2.C　根据空格后面的somewhere else instead可知,该句意思是“但很可能你真正想要学习的却在(lies)其他某个地方”。pass经过;work工作;end结束。

3.D　结合空格后面的seeing this first hand可知,作者有机会(chance)亲眼看到这样的事情。dream 梦想;idea想法;habit习惯。

4.C　根据下文中的Saturday和between Saturday and Sunday这些信息可知,她们踢球的时间是周末(weekend)。trip旅游,holiday假日,square广场,均不能在文中找到与之相关的信息。

5.B　根据空格后面的a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams可知,一般来说只有技术更好的俱乐部球队才能参加(entered)锦标赛。win赢;organize组织;watch观看。

6.A　结合上下文可知,她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队,因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)经历。strange奇怪的,common普通的,practical实际的,均与语境不符。

7.D　根据上文提到的more skilled club teams可知,这些参加锦标赛的球队都是经过更好(better)训练的球队。less更少,poorly糟糕地,二者意思与语境相反;newly最近,新近,与语境不符。

8.D　由空格所在句中的games(比赛)及shot(射门)可知,此处是指她的球队(team)表现不佳。fan迷,狂热爱好者;tutor导师;class班级。

9.B　根据下文的playing her best...still defeated可知,作者不愿意(hated)看到女儿尽力踢球但却仍然被打败的情景。hate doing sth.厌恶做某事。imagine想象,avoid避免,miss错过,均与语境不符。

10.C　根据前面的playing her best和后面的defeated可知,女儿虽然尽力了,但还是被打败了。前后是一种转折关系,故选but。

11.A　读文章可知这是一支女子足球队,因此这里指那些女孩子(girls)。parent父亲(或母亲);coach教练;viewer观众。

12.B　结合空格后面的for their Sunday game我们知道,这是她们在周日比赛露面(showed up)的时候。dress穿(衣服);make up编造;plan计划。

13.D　结合语境,尤其是上文中的...something clicked with the...可知,好像这些女孩子们突然领悟到了什么,这次露面时,她们完全(completely)不一样了。slightly稍微,hardly几乎不,basically基本地,均与语境不符。

14.A　结合语境They had begun to integrate(融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had 　　　 the day before...我们知道,作者女儿的这个队把昨天她们看到(seen)的融合到今天的比赛中来了,而不是know“知道”,hear“听到”或read“读”。 

15.C　根据上文提到的their Sunday game我们知道,她们把从对方那里学到的打法和团队合作精神融合到今天的比赛(game)中来。style风格;training 训练;rule规则。

16.A　结合空格前的They played aggressively...可知,她们富有攻击性地踢球,甚至(even)得分了。still仍然,seldom很少,again又,再,均与语境不符。

17.B　It strikes/struck sb.that...“某人突然想起……”,是固定句式,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。这里的strike可以换成hit或occur to。confuse使困惑,remind提醒,warn警告,均与语境不符。

18.D　根据文章首句Where do you go when you want to learn something?可知,本文谈论的主要是学习,作者认为和训练有素的对手进行比赛是这些女孩子们学习(learning)的良机,以此紧扣文章主题。touching感人的,thinking有思考力的,encouraging鼓舞人心的,均与语境不符。

19.A　通读全文可知,作者认为和训练有素的对手比赛的经验(experience)是最好的老师。因此选项A正确。

20.C　句意为“她们学到的经验可能与在学校得到的并无区别(different from),但一定更加个性化,更有意义,因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”。be harmful to对……有害;be mixed with与……混合;be applied to应用于。