2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习译林版讲义：必修5Unit2Theenvironment

Unit 2 The environment


一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．flow vi.　　　流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
2．clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手
3．administration n. 管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府
4．conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护
5．fuel n. 燃料
vt.& vi. 提供燃料；加油
6．businessman n. (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家
7．raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的
8．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
9．plant n. 工厂；发电厂
10．customs n. 海关；关税
11．carbon n. 碳
12．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆
13．engine n. 发动机，引擎
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．debate n．& vi. 辩论；争论，讨论
2．recycle vi.& vt. 回收利用
3.quantity n. 　　　数量
4．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
5．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
6．decrease vt.& vi.& n．　减少
7．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度
vt. 测量；估量，判定
8．appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会
9．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt.& vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
10．decade n. 十年
11．range n. 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
12．particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
13．arrest vt.& n. 逮捕
14．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
15．illegally adv. 非法地
16．goods n. 商品，货品
17．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．consultant n．顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议
2．production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n．产品；产物
3．responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的；尽责的
4．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境→environmentally adv.有关环境的
6．operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员
7．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
8．electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流
9．consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费
10．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收
[语境活用]
1．This month, they have increased production and produced twice as many products as they did last month.(produce)
2．We should be responsible for what we did and be a man with a sense of responsibility.(responsible)
3．The parents decided to have the doctor operate on their son's head and the operation will have been arranged next week.(operate)
4．I always hold the belief that we must believe in ourselves and our fate is in our own hand.(believe)
5．My parents often impressed the importance of honesty on me when I was young, which leaves a deep impression on me.(impress)
6．Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.(environment)
7．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption.(consume)
8．Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and sleep. His absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.open_the_floor　　　　　　　　自由发言
2．cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减
3．use_up 用尽
4．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
5．clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
6．queue_up 排队等候
7．pick_out 找出，挑选
8．under_way 进行中
9．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
10．let_off 排放，释放
11．in_particular 尤其，特别
12．do_one's_part 尽自己的职责
13．result_in 导致
14．rely_on_..._for_... 依赖……提供……
15．ask_around 四处打听
16．blame_..._on_... 把……归咎于……
17．put_..._in_danger 把……置于危险之地
18．in_use 在使用中
1.As you cut_back_on the amount of caffeine you consume, you may find yourself feeling tired.
2．I went along thinking of nothing in_particular only looking at things around me.
3．After the mid­term exam, the students decided to go on an outing to let_off stress.
4．Once the non­renewable resources are used_up,_nothing can replace them.
5．I'm going to pick_out a few books to send to several friends in South China.
6．What are your future plans with/in_regard_to both higher education and employment?
7．The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already under_way.
8．Please queue_up for a ticket. Do not jump the queue.
9．The fuel had almost run_out and was forced to break into a filling station.
10．An increase in cars has resulted_in the decline of public transport.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。
表示处所或方位的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，句子使用完全倒装。
在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。
In front of the teaching building stand_two_big_trees,_which add to the beauty of our school.
2.The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。
倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句。
(2017·天津高考写作佳句)现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍多。
Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice_what_it_was ten years ago.
3.I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
like it ＋ when从句。
(2016·天津高考单选改编)我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙了，不能跟她交谈。
I hate_it_when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
4.Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
“the＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，越……”。
你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，在晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。
The_more_fat you take in before bedtime, the_greater_burden you will put on your body at night.

二、课堂重点深化


1．responsibility n．责任，职责
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to_make (make) good use of water.
②There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming.
完成句子
③If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (强烈的责任感)．
④We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (为……负责) their own work.
　[系统归纳]
(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ...　 有责任/有义务做……
bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense of responsibility　 责任感
(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤As we all know, the police are responsible with the preservation of law and order.with→for
佳句时时写
⑥(2011·江西高考书面表达)因此，让我们通过骑自行车来承担起建设低碳城市的责任。
Therefore,_let's_take_the_responsibility_for_building_up_a_low­carbon_city_by_riding_bicycles.
2．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中operate的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转
②It's too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作
③My father is a doctor. He operated on a patient on the head last night.动手术
④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用
⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营
完成句子
⑥It is said that some new rules will_come/go_into_operation_next_month (将于下个月生效)．
⑦Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (当机器在运转时)．
　[系统归纳]
(1)operate on sb. (for ...)　　 (因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作
come/go into operation 生效，实行
be in operation 运转中，实施中
operator n. 操作员；接线员

　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧The woman was walking back and forth outside the operation room, because her son was being operated.operated后加on
佳句时时写
⑨(2009·江苏高考书面表达)对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.




3．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
②Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive (impress) one.
③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
完成句子
④The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (给……留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
⑤We will be_impressed_with/at/by (对……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.
　[系统归纳]
(1)impress sb. with sth.　　　 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind)
使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on sb.　 给某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Deeply impressed on its beauty, I fell in love with Guilin.on→by
佳句时时写
⑦(2016·天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧，显示出了你们过人的天赋。
What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.
4．decrease vt.& vi.& n．减少
　[自主体验]
完成句子
①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (从198家减少到96家)．
②To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在减少)．
③The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (减少了30%) last year.
　[系统归纳]
(1)decrease to　　　　　　　 减少到
decrease by 减少了
decrease from ... to ... 从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④With the development of society, the number of cyclists running traffic lights is on decrease. on后加the
佳句时时写
⑤(2015·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.

5．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中measure的含义
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施
②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度
④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量
⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量
单句语法填空
⑥Education shouldn't be measured purely by/in examination results.
⑦In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming.




　[系统归纳]
(1)be measured by/in　　　　　 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ... to sb.'s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measured→measuring
佳句时时写
⑨(2013·重庆高考书面表达)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.
[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
6．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中range的含义
①The houses are sold out within this price range.范围
②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脉
③The temperature of this city ranges from 0℃to 30℃. (在一定范围内)变化
④The company manufactures a range of innovative light­weight cycles.一系列
⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程
单句语法填空
⑥When driving on expressways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in range of 60km/h and 120km/h.
⑦The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.
完成句子
⑧I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies (爱好广泛), including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on.
　[系统归纳]
(1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　 在(……的)范围内
beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范围外
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ...
　　　　　　　　　　 在……和……范围内变化
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨Our university offers different kinds of courses ranged from cookery to computing. ranged→ranging
佳句时时写
⑩(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)除了这些传统活动，我们还有更广泛的选择，例如旅行和拜访我们的亲戚或朋友。
In_addition_to_these_traditional_activities,_we_have_a_wider_range_of_choices_such_as_travelling_and_visiting_our_relatives_or_friends.

7．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We'd appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible.
②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
　[系统归纳]
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing 欣赏/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I would appreciate very much if you could check the contents and format for me. appreciate后加it
佳句时时写
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你能在方便时尽快回复我的信件我将不胜感激。
I'll_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience.
[名师指津]　(1)appreciate表示“感激”时，后面跟动词­ing形式作宾语；appreciate后的宾语可以是sth.或形式宾语it，但不跟sb.作宾语，如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb.。
(2)当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
8．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.
②Steve was in a particularly (particular) bad mood when he got back.
③Mary is going on a diet, so she is very particular about_food.
　[系统归纳]
(1)be particular about　　　　 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④As you mentioned that you are particular keen on traditional magical novels with superb fantasy, I do recommend Journey to the West to you.particular→particularly
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·广东高考书面表达)他特别提醒我们，如何握笔也与近视有关。
He_reminded_us_in_particular_that_how_to_hold_a_pen_is_also_related_to_short­sightedness.
9．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；使全神贯注；理解
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中absorb的含义
①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神贯注
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收

单句语法填空
③This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year.
④Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he didn't hear what I said.
⑤The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break.
　[系统归纳]
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention　　 吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be/get) absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于……
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
　[重点强化]
僻义牢牢记
⑥There's a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。
A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_absorbed_himself_in/was_absorbed_in_his_reading.
[名师指津]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。用法类似的还有：
be lost in ...　　　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……
be caught/trapped in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋头于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
be occupied in ... 忙于……
be involved in ... 专注于……









1．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
　[系统归纳]
cut across/through　　 抄近路穿过
cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)
cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝
cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小
cut up 切碎
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①We cut_back_on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living.
②It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.
③The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
④Many big trees along the road have been cut_down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut_up for firewood.
佳句时时写
⑤(2013·江苏高考书面表达)应立即采取行动，例如停止砍伐树木以改善环境。
Immediate_actions_should_be_taken,_like_stopping_cutting_down_trees_to_better_the_environment.
2．run out (of)用完，耗尽
　[系统归纳]
run into　　　　　　　 撞进；遭遇；达到
run across 偶然遇到；穿过
run after 追求；追赶，追逐
run away 逃离；突然离开
run for 竞选；赶快去请
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run_away.
⑤If you run_after two hares, you'll catch neither.
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·天津高考书面表达)今天我很高兴有机会竞选英语俱乐部的副主席。
Today_I_am_very_glad_to_have_the_chance_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_Club.
[名师指津]　run out of＝use up表主动意义，主语一般是人；run out＝be used up表被动意义，主语通常是物。
3．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中pick out的含义
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨认出
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会
　[系统归纳]
pick up　 拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染
pick one's pocket扒窃；掏包
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(完成句子)
④My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.
在医院待了几天后，我的朋友开始好转。
⑤On the way home, he_found_his_pocket_picked.
在回家的路上，他发现他的钱包被扒窃了。
易错对对碰(pick up/pick out)
⑥He picked_up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
⑦He looked at the photo and picked_out the face of his old friend.
佳句时时写
⑧(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我在想你是否能去机场接他。
I_am_wondering_whether_you_can_pick_him_up_at_the_airport.
4．it作形式宾语
　[教材原句]　I liked it when you told that joke.
　[自主体验]
①We dislike/hate_it that you have to leave us.
我们不愿意让你离开我们。
②I don't like_it_when the weather gets really cold.
当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。
③I prefer_it_that you don't talk with your mouth full.
我宁愿你不要嘴里塞满食物时说话。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要先接形式宾语it，然后再接真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
注意事项
一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语，然后接真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考满分作文)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I appreciated (欣赏) your generosity in the matter.
2．The government has announced a package of measures (措施) to help the British film industry.
3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (减少)．
4．There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing (愿意) to answer.
5．Imbalance in global development has widened.International and local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.
6．The trees on the mountains within my range (范围) of vision had all been felled.
7．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.
8．We debated (辩论) for several hours on it before taking a vote.
9．If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.
10．This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (数量)．
11．She gets so absorbed (全神贯注的) in doing something that she is unaware of things happening round her.
12．Since the new management system was put into effect, the production (产量) of this factory has increased greatly.
13．The court feels it has a responsibility (责任) to ensure that customers are not misled.
14．Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged (抵押) or illegally (非法地) transferred by any other means.
15．I had always impressed (使印象深刻) upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold bath.
2．Under the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)．
3．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergartens to high schools.
4．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
5．Please sum up very briefly and then we'll open the floor for questions and answers.
6．She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.
7．Production (product) of computers has increased double in the last few weeks.
8．One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.
9．Some countries have decided to cut back on the number of army, which surprises the world.
10．This picture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can pick out my younger brother.
11．In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I hold the firm belief only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.belief后加that
2．The classroom measured 30 feet long and 20 feet wide is used as a shelter for the survivors.measured→measuring
3．Absorbing in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. Absorbing→Absorbed
4．Large quantities of sand was washed down the hillside by the rain.was→were
5．Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二个the
6．The doctor operated the patient at once and saved his life.operated后加on
7．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out of.We must act immediately before there's none left.去掉of
8．I really appreciate work with someone who does such a good job.work→working
9．The earlier you set about your work, the soon you will finish it.soon→sooner
10．I am pleased with the results, and one for particular I reckon is as good as I can do.for→in

Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He feels that the media should_be_more_responsible_for what they report.
他觉得媒体应该对他们报道的内容更负责任些。
2．I_dislike_it_when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
我不喜欢被单独留下来和陌生人谈话。
3．He was_so_absorbed_in working on problems that he forgot his surroundings.
他全神贯注于做题以至于忘记了周围的环境。
4．They call on people and the government to_take_measures_to_fight_against the river pollution.
他们号召人们和政府采取措施来与河流污染作斗争。
5．The_more_exercise you take, the_stronger you are.
你锻炼得越多，身体就越强壮。
6．The production is now three_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
7．Attached_to_the_envelope was a beautiful stamp.
贴在信封上的是一枚精美的邮票。



本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“人与环境”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——人与环境
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①environment　②surroundings　 ③rubbish　 ④survival
⑤creature ⑥wildlife ⑦species ⑧atmosphere
⑨pollution ⑩dirt ⑪haze ⑫crowded
⑬proper ⑭noisy ⑮serious ⑯harmful
⑰confident ⑱pollute ⑲forbid ⑳permit
punish reduce prevent survive
protect increase threaten save
recycle operate debate
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①waste n．废料；垃圾　　　　　 ②emission n．排放
③substance n．物质 ④habitat n．栖息地
⑤ecology n．生态，生态学 ⑥radiation n．辐射；放射物
⑦concern n．忧虑；担心 ⑧resource n．资源
⑨destruction n．破坏，毁坏 ⑩smelly adj.有臭味的
⑪endangered adj.濒危的 ⑫extinct adj.灭绝的
⑬eco­friendly adj.环保的 ⑭substitute vt.取代
⑮decline n．降低；下降 ⑯conserve v．保护，保存
⑰advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡
⑱environmentally friendly adj.环保的
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①carbon dioxide　　　　　　　 二氧化碳
②greenhouse effect 温室效应
③nuclear energy/power 核能
④let off waste gas 排放废气
⑤be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处
⑥prevent/protect ... from 阻止/保护……
⑦have a(n) ... effect on ... 对……有……影响
⑧make proper use of 合理利用
⑨keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡
⑩attach great importance to 十分重视
⑪be/become aware of 意识到
⑫on account of 因为，由于
⑬use up/run out of 用光，耗尽
⑭raise the awareness of 唤醒……的意识
⑮live a low­carbon life 过低碳生活
⑯call on/appeal to sb.to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事
⑰there is no denying/doubt that ... 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑
⑱do harm to ... /be harmful to ... 对……有害
⑲green product 绿色环保产品
⑳be replaced with/by 被……代替
lead to/contribute to 导致，造成
(四)写作佳句背一背
①Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.
②There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.
③Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.

二、话题书面表达亮一点


荒漠化问题在全世界日益严重。请根据下表要点以“Fighting against desertification”为主题设计一则海报。
问题
全球荒漠化的面积占整个地球陆地面积的1/4
原因
滥砍滥伐；气候变暖等
倡议
植树造林；呼吁人们提高环保意识……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．标题和署名已给出，不计入总词数。
Fighting against desertification



The Students' Union
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句

desertification, threaten, in many ways, land surface, be replaced with, lead to, phenomenon, without doubt, suffer, destruction, call on sb. to do sth., plant trees, take the responsibility, promote people's awareness, environmental protection, take an active part in　　
1．沙漠化在很多方面威胁着我们。
Desertification_has_threatened_us_in_many_ways.
2．全球大约四分之一的陆地面积已经被沙漠取代。
About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_deserts._
3．许多因素导致了这一现象的发生，例如滥砍滥伐、气候变暖等。
Many_factors_have_led_to_the_phenomenon，such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on.
4．毫无疑问，我们的环境将受到更大的破坏。
Our_environment_will_without_doubt_suffer_a_greater_destruction.
5．以下措施可防止进一步荒漠化。
The_following_measures_may_stop_further_desertification.
6．政府应当号召人们多栽树。
The_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees.
7．我们年轻人应该承担起责任。
We_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility.
8.我们应当提高人们的环保意识。
We_should_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.
9．让我们积极参加这些活动吧！
Let's_take_an_active_part_in_these_activities!

第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在句1中加入并列谓语“变得更加严重”。
Desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways.
11．在句4中加入条件状语从句“如果任由这种情况持续下去”。
Our_environment_will_without_doubt_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.

第三步：语写美——词句升格
12．用高级词汇contributed_to升格句3中的led to, 然后加入主句“A survey shows that”将本句升级为复合句。
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_have_contributed_to_the_phenomenon,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on.
13．用“There is no doubt that”句式改写句11。
There_is_no_doubt_that_our_environment_will_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.
14．用非谓语动词合并句7和句8。
We_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用in recent years， on the one hand， on the other hand等衔接词连句成文
Fighting against desertification
In_recent_years,_desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways._About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_deserts.
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_have_contributed_to_the_phenomenon,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on._There_is_no_doubt_that_our_environment_will_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.
The_following_measures_may_stop_further_desertification._On_the_one_hand,_the_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees._On_the_other_hand,_we_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection._Let's_take_an_active_part_in_these_activities!
The_Students'_Union

Ⅰ.根据提示填空
My aim in life is ❶to_save (save) the environment for future generations. I want to become an ❷environmental (environment) consultant after I graduate. Too many people think that ❸pollution (pollute) cannot be stopped if we want the country to develop. But that is not true. We can cut back on dangerous and ❹dirty (dirt) waste from factories. Even though a factory produces a large quantity of goods, it does not mean that it has to pump a lot of pollution into the environment.
I want to teach people to buy products that have been ❺recycled (回收) as well. This is much better for the environment, because it means we do not need to cut down too many trees. Companies and businesses can still ❻operate (经营), but the Earth will not have to suffer.
There is no ❼debating (debate) that we also have a problem with population. The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more ❽raw_materials (原材料). What if they run out? I am ❾confident (confidence) that if we are all willing to work together, we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and healthy (health)．
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
pollute， arouse， haze， concern， damage， reduce， protect， have a bad effect on， make joint efforts， pour into， run out， take measures， as a consequence， global warming


We human beings have caused great ❶damage to our environment, which ❷has_a_bad_effect_on our existence. Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being ❸poured_into the rivers; ❹as_a_consequence,_water sources have become badly ❺polluted. Besides, there is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this ❻global_warming. What's more, many people worry that our energy will ❼run_out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way. Therefore, protecting the environment has become a major ❽concern of the society.
More and more people have realized these problems and have ❾taken_measures to stop them from taking place. Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
As far as I'm concerned, for our future we can do nothing but protect our environment. It is urgent to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection. There is no denying that we should make_joint_efforts to win the campaign of protecting the environment.

一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased (decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
2．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
3．(2016·浙江高考)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit (credible)．
4．(2015·天津高考)If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult (consultant) your doctor at once.
5．(2015·天津高考)Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

measure, decrease, use up, produce, illegal, unwilling, appreciate, flood, beyond　　


1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Lindsey's husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we __55__ it and the gifts.”____________
2．(2018·江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been __36__ to pay lawyers' fees.____________
3．(2018·江苏高考)Wild camping is __43__ in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.____________
4．(2017·天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __31__ in from hundreds of people.____________
5．(2016·四川高考)Lainey is an example of an __58__ reader. As shown here, Lainey can become excited about reading when presented with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.____________
6．(2015·安徽高考)Companies __45__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.____________
7．(2015·安徽高考)To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.____________
8．(2015·浙江高考)In a society that tends to __38__ everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our decisions in financial terms.____________
9．(2015·天津高考)Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was __18__ our range, so we declined.____________
答案：1.appreciate　2.used up　3.illegal　4.flooding
5．unwilling　6.produce　7.decrease　8.measure　9.beyond

二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：“人与环境”是近几年的热点话题。随着人们环保意识的增强，对于环境问题的关注度也越来越高，相应的举措也会越来越多。在平时的学习中，应多注意国内外关于治理污染等方面的新闻信息，结合国家下大力气抓环保的决心和举措，从“人与自然”的角度去思考问题。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
Have you ever thought about living in a “green” house, one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth's resources? Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide, using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our company's website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.
Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new eco­friendly design as well as cost savings. The Green House shows the combination of architecture, interior­design, and environmental responsibility. Home is where going green begins — where we as individuals have the power to set a new course for a brighter future.
If you are interested in these “green” houses, please contact us and our company will send you more information about them. And we're sure you'll have a surprise.
E­mail：ghouseabc @126.com
Phone：3567218/3567219
Fax：3390231
语篇解读：文章介绍了有关“Green House”的相关内容，意在宣传推销自己的产品。
1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．remind people to protect the environment
B．ask people to buy a “green” house
C．give a brief introduction of the “green” house
D．express the writer's own opinion about the environment
解析：选B　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了“green” house以及与之相关的一些内容，其目的在于让人们买他们的产品。
2．From the passage, we can learn that the Green House shows ________.
A．only interior­design and outer appearance of the building
B．the combination of architecture and environmental importance
C．the importance of the Green Movement
D．the combination of architecture, interior­design
解析：选D　细节理解题。文章第二段第二句指出the Green House展现了“architecture, interior­design, and environmental responsibility”的结合。
3．The underlined word “eco­friendly” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．friendly to people
B．good for the design of buildings
C．good for the environment
D．friendly to the Green House
解析：选C　词义猜测题。eco­是个前缀，意为“环境的，生态的”，eco­friendly的表面意思是“对生态环境友好的”，也就是“有益于生态环境的”。故选C项。
4．How many ways can you use to get more information about the products?
A．1.　　　　　　　 B．2.
C．3. D．4.
解析：选D　细节理解题。第一段最后一句有公司的网址，文章结尾有3种联系方式，因此共有4种方法。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
词义猜测技法(2)——利用构词法解题
(1)利用前、后缀猜词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的前后缀往往表示特定的含义，如：mis­“错，误”， mislead“误导”；mid­“中央”，midway“半路”；under­“低于”，underestimate
“低估”；anti­“反对”，antibody“抗体”；­er“从事某种职业的人，某地区、地方的人”，villager“村民”；­icist“……家，……者，……能手”， technicist“技师”；­logist“……学家，研究者”，geologist“地质学家”；­craft“工艺，技巧”，handicraft“手工艺”。
(2)利用合成词猜词义
合成词是由两个或以上的单词结合构成的，其中一个词修饰或限制另一个词。如：snowfall“下雪”， horse­riding“骑马”， waiting­room“候车室”， greenhouse“温室”， income“收入”， afternoon“下午”， grown­up“成年人”，water­cool“用水冷却”， three­cornered“三角的”。
上文第3小题中， eco­是个前缀，意为“环境的，生态的”，eco­friendly的表面意思是“对生态环境友好的”，也就是“有益于生态环境的”。故选C项。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·郑州质量预测)Come to the AG Society's expedition (探险) program and you will surely get unique experiences！
SWIM WITH THE HUM­PBACKS OF TONGA
Darren Jew and his team are your hosts for an unforgettable AG Society adventure, filled with in­water meetings with humpback whales (座头鲸) in the Kingdom of Tonga's group of islands.
WHO: Darren Jew's Whales Underwater
DATES: 26 September－4 October
COST: ＄5,450 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 07566­79413, email reservations @ whalesunderwater.com or visit whalesunderwater.com
11­DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE
The AG Society is partnering APT to present an exciting voyage along the Kimberley coastline from Broome to Darwin.Expedition cruising offers the easiest way to explore the Kimberley.Guests on this 11­day voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.
WHO: APT
DATES: 6－16 September
COST: ＄13,395 per person
BOOKINGS: Visit kimberleywilderness.com.au
LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG
The AG Society offers you a chance to hunt for fossils (化石). Guided by experts, you'll go to special locations, seeking new fossils for the collections of the Australian Opal Centre.Your discoveries will further establish these museum collections as a world­class scientific and cultural resource.There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs.
AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION
Come and join Tim Faulkner for a unique hands­on experience with this Tasmanian devil (袋獾) feeding program in the beautiful Barrington Tops of NSW.You'll get to see devils up close as you assist with feeding individuals.In addition to working with the animals, there'll be opportunities to explore the area's natural treasures and spot local wildlife.Don't miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation effort.
WHO: Australian Opal Centre
DATES: 20－25 August
COST: ＄2,200 per person, including all activities and lunches and dinners
BOOKINGS: Call 04279­04587, email dig@ australianopalcentre.com or visit australianopalcentre.com
WHO: Devil Ark
DATES: 24－26 November
COST: ＄1,750 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 02434­08610, email info@ devilark.org.au or visit devilark.org.au

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了AG Society提供的四种不同的探险活动。
1．If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG, you can ________.
A．go to seek new fossils individually
B．learn something about mining history
C．collect the world­class scientific fossils
D．become an expert and go to special locations
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG部分中的“There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs”可知，本题答案为B。
2．What can you do if you take part in AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION?
A．Help protect wildlife.
B．Learn about dinosaurs.
C．Watch humpback whales.
D．Enjoy an exciting voyage.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION部分中的“spot local wildlife”和“get involved in this important conservation effort”可知，本题答案为A。
3．Which program will you choose if you want to enjoy rock art?
A．AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION.
B．LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG.
C．11­DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE.
D．SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据11­DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE部分中的“see rock art”可知，本题答案为C。
B
(2019·太原模拟)Architect Vincent Callebaut recently introduced a plan for high­flying teams of self­sufficient aircraft that are one part of airship cities and one part of hydrogen­producing floating farms. Called hydrogenase (氢化酶), the aircraft are 100% emission­free and are capable of creating hydrogen without consuming land needed for crops or forests.
We've seen futuristic airships before, but never one that doubles as a hydrogen­producing flying farm! Designed for the South China Sea near Hainan, Callebaut's hydrogenase airships are completely self­sufficient and contain a specialized breed of seaweed that absorbs sunlight and CO2 to produce hydrogen.
According to the architects, “The output obtained from micro­seaweed is superior to that of using farming to produce biofuel. 330 grams of seaweed produce 1,000 liters of hydrogen per day, while soybeans produce roughly 1,000 liters of oil per hectare (公顷). A hectare of seaweed could thus produce much more biofuel than a hectare of soybeans.”
In addition to providing a clean source of renewable energy, hydrogenase airships offer an eco­friendly means of transportation. Although certainly slower than ordinary planes, the airships are nearly silent and require a very little basic structure to take off and land. The architects also suggest that the airships should provide disaster relief for remote areas, and be used as flying hospitals and aid centers. Each hydrogenase airship is covered with flexible photovoltaic cells (光电池)．The interior features room for housing, offices, scientific laboratories, and entertainment, and a series of bioremediating (生物降解) vegetable gardens provide a source of food while recycling waste. Hydrogenase is certainly for the futuristic concept, but it does use a set of technologies being developed today — and perhaps one day we will see fantastic ideas like this develop.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了氢化酶飞艇的优点：完全自给自足，含有一种可以吸收阳光和二氧化碳从而产生氢气的特殊种类的海藻。用微型海藻能生产更多的生物燃料。除了提供一种清洁的可再生能源的来源外，还能提供一种环保的交通方式。
4．What do we know about Vincent Callebaut?
A．He is working on a floating farm.
B．He compares many different airships.
C．He has developed a self­sufficient aircraft.
D．He has come up with a plan for new aircraft.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Vincent Callebaut提出了一个新的飞行器计划。故选D项。

5．Why do the hydrogenase airships contain seaweed?
A．To produce oxygen.
B．To create hydrogen.
C．To absorb hydrogen.
D．To absorb harmful gases.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，氢化酶飞艇包含海藻为的是产生氢气。故选B项。
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Farms with seaweed produce more food.
B．Farms with seaweed are more efficient at producing biofuel.
C．Soybeans can't be planted on the airships.
D．Farms with seaweed will surely replace traditional farmland.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段“The output obtained from micro­seaweed is superior to that of using farming to produce biofuel”和后面的例子可推断出，带海藻的农场在生产生物燃料方面效率更高。故选B项。
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The advantages of the airships.
B．The disadvantages of the airships.
C．The airships are renewable energy sources.
D．When and where the airships can be used.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Callebaut的氢化酶飞艇的优点：完全自给自足，含有一种可以吸收阳光和二氧化碳从而产生氢气的特殊种类的海藻。用微型海藻能生产更多的生物燃料。除了提供一种清洁的可再生能源的来源外，还能提供一种环保的交通方式。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·福州模拟)Mary, 16, was suffering from cancer. As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her. He said the __1__ left them financially worse off. Then a group called Growing Hope __2__ in with $1,800 to help with his living costs.
__3__， he wanted to pay it back. In his __4__， he had been a __5__. So at age 40, Mitchell took up the __6__ again, participating in two fights in Fairfax. Mitchell was __7__ out in the first and second rounds, but he still __8__ to raise $20,000 that he gave to Growing Hope. During this time, he __9__ his daughter. And for six months, he did little but __10__.
One day, Mitchell __11__ a Mark Twain quote — The two most important days in your life are the day you are born, and the day you __12__ why. “After I read that quote, I was going to spend the __13__ of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said.
Mitchell thought of creating a foundation, __14__ boxing did not seem practical anymore for fundraising, due to his age. Then he found that __15__ could be a source to raise money. In the Corps Marathon, he cut a striking figure on the course. __16__ by this success, he set his sight higher. He __17__ each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer, and he carried their __18__ with him. Years after his daughter's death, Mitchell now __19__ up in the morning knowing his __20__.
语篇解读：Mitchell在女儿去世后受到马克·吐温名言的启发，加入陆战队马拉松，并把钱都捐给身患癌症的孩子们，从而发现了自己在社会中的作用。
1．A.atmosphere　　　　　 B．phenomenon
C．situation D．poverty
解析：选C　根据空前的“As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her”可知，因为Mary患有癌症，父亲Mitchell要待在家里照顾女儿。这种情况(situation)使得家庭经济状况变得越来越糟糕。故选C项。
2．A.brought B．stepped
C．took D．broke
解析：选B　根据语境和下文可知，后来，一个名为Growing Hope的组织伸出援手(step in)，给他了1 800 美元的生活费。
3．A.Grateful B．Hopeful
C．Sorrowful D．Helpful
解析：选A　根据空后的“he wanted to pay it back”可知，父亲对这个组织非常感激(Grateful)。
4．A.life B．reality
C．memory D．youth
解析：选D　根据下文的“So at age 40”“fights”和“boxing”可知，在他年轻时，他是一个拳击手。故选D项。
5．A.runner B．singer
C．boxer D．fighter
解析：选C　参见上题解析。
6．A.helmets B．gloves
C．boxes D．sneakers
解析：选B　根据空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又开始接受挑战了。take up the gloves在此意为“接受挑战”，符合语境。
7．A.knocked B．sent
C．driven D．put
解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在第一和第二回合都被击倒。但他仍然设法成功地筹集了20 000美元。knock sb. out“击倒某人”。
8．A.managed B．persuaded
C．failed D．tried
解析：选A　参见上题解析。B项意为“劝说，说服”。
9．A.cured B．accompanied
C．comforted D．lost
解析：选D　根据下文“Years after his daughter's death”可知，这个时候，他失去了(lost)他的女儿。
10．A.regret B．mourn
C．burst D．work
解析：选B　根据上下文和常识可推知，当女儿去世后，父亲除了哀悼(mourn)几乎什么也不做。
11．A.came upon B．agreed to
C．looked at D．depended on
解析：选A　根据下文中的“After I read that quote”可知，Mitchell偶然读到(came upon)马克·吐温的名言。
12．A.consider B．ask
C．discover D．make
解析：选C　根据语境可知，人生中另外一个重要的日子是你发现(discover)自己为何出生。
13．A.forces B．rest
C．energy D．resources
解析：选B　根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在余下的(rest)日子里开始帮助那些患有癌症的孩子和他们的家庭。故选B项。
14．A.yet B．so
C．or D．although
解析：选A　Mitchell想创立一个基金会，但是(yet)由于他的年龄，拳击已经不再是一个实用的基金收入来源了。
15．A.funds B．singing
C．running D．projects
解析：选C　根据空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，然后Mitchell发现可以通过跑步来筹钱。故选C项。
16．A.Depressed B．Moved
C．Shocked D．Inspired
解析：选D　在此马拉松比赛中，Mitchell在比赛场上崭露头角。在此成功的激励(inspired)下，他把眼光放得更高。故选D项。
17．A.ran B．donated
C．competed D．conveyed
解析：选B　根据空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比赛的每一分钱都捐给(donated)了身患癌症的孩子们。故选B项。
18．A.smiles B．parents
C．strengths D．pictures
解析：选D　Mitchell随身带着他们的照片(pictures)。故选D项。
19．A.stands B．goes
C．wakes D．climbs
解析：选C　根据空后的“in the morning”可推知，此处表示在早晨醒来的时候。故选C项。
20．A.time B．what
C．course D．why
解析：选D　根据上文中提到的马克·吐温的名言中的“why”可知，选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·合肥质检)The Palace Museum received a painting of __1__ (history) value, Silk Road Landscape Map, which was donated by Xu Rongmao, chairman of Hong Kong Shimao Group, on November 30, 2017.
The more than 30­meter­long scroll (卷轴) is painted on silk.The painting describes trade routes (路线) __2__ (start) at Jiayuguan Pass in Northwest China's Gansu Province to Tianfang city.As many as 221 cities in __3__ now are some 10 countries are on the scroll.Some key spots __4__ (include) on the ancient Silk Road, like Gansu Province's Dunhuang, Mecca, Damascus, Esfahan in Iran and Samarqand in Uzbekistan.
The map, with a large amount of geographic information, proves that China __5__ (have) the world's best mapping techniques at that time.__6__ also shows Chinese people had had a clear understanding of the outside world __7__ Western maps came into the country.
Obviously, the map is a __8__ (contribute) of ancient Chinese geography to the whole world.It reflects the frequent business and cultural communication between China and __9__ (country) along the ancient Silk Road.
At the moment further archaeological (考古学的), geographic and linguistic (语言的) research on the map __10__ (carry) out.It will soon be shown to the public.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了香港世茂集团主席许荣茂捐赠给故宫博物院的一幅画——《丝绸之路风景图》。
1．historic/historical　考查形容词。故宫博物院收到了一幅具有历史价值的画作。此处应用形容词修饰名词value，故填historic/historical。
2．starting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作定语，动词start与先行词trade routes之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
3．what　考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。
4．are included　考查时态和语态。古代丝绸之路沿线的一些重要景点被包括在内。根据语境可知，此处主语key spots与动词include之间为被动关系，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填are included。
5．had　考查动词时态。根据句意及时间状语“at that time”可知，此处应用动词的一般过去时。
6．It　考查代词。它也表明，在西方地图进入中国之前，中国人已经对外面的世界有了清晰的了解。此处用It指代上文中的The map。
7．before　考查连词。参见上题解析。此处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。
8．contribution　考查名词。根据空前的冠词a及空后的of可知，此处用名词单数。
9．countries　考查名词复数。它反映了中国和古代丝绸之路沿线国家之间频繁的商业和文化交流。根据句意可知，此处用名词的复数形式。
10．is being carried　考查动词的时态和语态。目前，考古学、地理学和语言学方面对地图的进一步研究正在进行。根据句意及时间状语“At the moment”可知，此处应用现在进行时，且主语research与动词之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·石家庄模拟)Last Sunday, I went on a hike with one of my best friend, Kevin.I got up early that morning and prepare lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went Kevin's home to pick him up.On the way to the mountain, we enjoyed at seeing many beautiful flowers along the road.After we arrived at the mountain, all of us couldn't help admire the natural scenery.Then he advised that we had a race between us, what made me excited too.But I agreed immediately.In a hurry, Kevin tripped on a stone and fell all the way down.Fortunate, he got stuck on a tree and I pulled him up at last.What a day!
答案：第一句：friend→friends
第二句：prepare→prepared; went后加to
第三句：去掉at
第四句：all→both; help后加but或admire→admiring
第五句：had→have; what→which
第六句：But→So
第八句：Fortunate→Fortunately