必修一 Unit 5 课文详解 课件+素材

UNIT 5 : LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDOne language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way.——Frank Smith一门语言能带你进入人生旅途，两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中的所有大门。 ——弗兰克·史密斯The Chinese Writing System (P62)Learning English (P66)Polyglots (P98) The Book that Keeps on Growing (P100) 目录The Chinese Writing SystemReading and ThinkingThe Chinese Writing SystemTHE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.汉语书写系统汉语书写系统：连接古今 中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有许多起起伏伏，但它一直延续到现代。造成这种情况的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉语书写系统。长难句理解China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 定语从句中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有许多起起伏伏，但它一直延续到现代。让步状语从句is known forbe known as “作为……而著名”1. Liu Huan is known as a singer．2. We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．be known for “因……而著名”Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．beknown to “为……所了解／知道”He is known to all in our village．He was known to have invented many things．ups and downsUps and downs 时好时坏，起伏波折"The team had its ups and downs during the season," 这个球队整个赛季的表现时好时坏，起伏不定。"The heavyweight champion had his ups and downs in his boxing career," 这个重量级拳击冠军的拳击生涯有高潮，也有低谷。"We have had our ups and downs like all married couples," 跟所有夫妻一样，我们的婚姻生活也是既有美满也有摩擦。长难句理解There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.定语从句造成这种情况的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉语书写系统。并列连词reason1. the reason that 后接具体原因，that 实际上引导了一个同位语从句，说明了reason 的内容。 The reason that he got stuck in the traffic is so bad.那个他堵在路上的理由太烂了。 说明：“(that) he got stuck in the traffic”正是这个 reason的内容，他正是用“堵在路上”作为他的理由，不过句子后面说这个理由比较烂。reason2. the reason why后接对这个理由的修饰，why实际上引导了一个定语从句。The reason why he was late is that he got stuck in the traffic.他迟到的原因是他堵在路上了。 说明：“(why) he was late”并不是这个 reason的内容，而是对 reason 的修饰，翻译为“他迟到的那个理由”，这个理由的内容是什么呢？就是后面 “is that he got stuck in the traffic”（他堵在路上）。The Chinese Writing SystemAt the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen intoday’s hanzi.汉语书写系统起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——动物的骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在它们上面雕刻着符号。在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号。长难句理解It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.定语从句它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——动物的骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在它们上面雕刻着符号。dates backdate back to 意思是“追溯到……”通常用于一般现在时。As we all know, the Great Wall of China dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.众所周知，中国长城可追溯到春秋战国时期。This vase dates back more than two thousand years.这个花瓶可追溯到二千多年以前。dates back在句子中做非谓语动词时，用dating back to的频度较高The vase ,dating back to Qing Dynasty, is very beautiful.这个清代传下来的花瓶，很漂亮。My family has a vase, which is said to date back to Qing Dynasty.我家有个花瓶，据说是从清代传下来的。dates backdate back 后面加一段时间： 发生在…年月、天等前如：This story dates back 200 years。故事发生在200年前。dates backdate back to 后面加某一个过去时间的具体时点： 发生在过去……的时候The church dates back to 1173. 此教堂建于1173年。The town dates back to the Tang Dynasty. 这座小镇建于唐代。dates backdate from之后通常只接时间点，从……开始，The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.这项习俗始于人类佩戴刀剑的时候。The old church dates from the first century A.D.这座古老的教堂起始于公元1世纪。My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.从学生时代起，我对集邮就开始感兴趣。on which1.which在限制性和非限制性定语从句中作介词宾语时，该介词可提前至which前，此时，which不可省略（因为省了会造成句子混乱）She has the design (which) she is admired for by her colleague.= She has the design for which she is admired by her colleague. (which不可省)This carpet (which) you are walking on is no longer ours. =This carpet on which you are walking is no longer ours. (which不可省)on which2.whom限制性和非限制性定语从句作介词宾语时，介词可提前至whom前，此时，whom不可省略； The boy whom I spoke to is a nice person. 与我讲话的男孩子是个不错的人。= The boy to whom I spoke is a nice person. （whom不可省）The retailer, whom I purchased my laptop from, is an old man. 那个零售商是个老人，他卖给我笔记本电脑。= The retailer, from whom I purchased my laptop, is an old man. （whom不可省）on which3. whose 对应先行词是事物时，whose+名词 = the + 名词 + of whichHis death, whose cause is unknown, surprises us. 他那不知原因的的死亡令我们惊讶。= His death, the cause of which is unknown, surprises us.on which4. 关系副词可与介词+which转换I shall never forget the day when (on which) we first met.He came at a time when (at which) we were badly in need of help.The school where (in/at which) they are working is not far.That isn’t the hotel where (at which) she stayed when she was in London.He didn’t give the reason why (for which) he came so early.The reason why (for which) your letter was returned is that I don’t live there any more.on which5.One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad.We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.The Chinese Writing SystemBy the ShangDynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developedwriting system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang ofthe Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).汉语书写系统到了商朝（公元前1600~公元前1046年左右），这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写系统。这些年来，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为在这个时代，人们在地理上被分割，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。然而，在秦朝（公元前221-207年）秦始皇时期，这种情况发生了变化。长难句理解Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 原因状语从句这些年来，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为在这个时代，人们在地理上被分割，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。定语从句现在分词做结果状语 as1、as...as的用法as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。例如：　　(1)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.(2)This film is as interesting as that one.其否定式为not as/so+adj./adv.+as。This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.若有修饰成分，如twice,three times,half,a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.　 as2、as引导时间状语从句此时，as译作“当……时候”，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。He smiled as he said goodbye to me.　　他向我道别时微笑了一下。　　As she was walking in the park,she heard a girl singing.　　她在公园里散步时，听到一位女孩在唱歌。　　I sang an English song as I went along the river.　　我边沿河边走边唱英文歌。　 as3、as用作连词引导原因状语从句as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是"因为，由于"，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强;as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化;since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作"既然"。(1)He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定会成功，因为他很认真。　　(2)Since you are so sure of it he”ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。　 as4、as引导让步状语从句：　　此时，as译作“尽管”。当as引导让步状语从句时，不把as放在从句的开头，而是将充当从句主要成分的形容词、副词、分词、动词原形或不加冠词的单数可数名词置于前面。　　（1）将表语放在句首，再将as放在表语和主语之间。Child as he is,he knows quite a lot of things.　　（2）将状语放在句首，再将as放在状语（副词）和主语之间。Much as she likes,she will not take it.　　（3）将主动词放在句首，再将as放在主动词和主语之间。Try as he did,he didn’t succeed.　　现在分词做结果状语﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。The Chinese Writing SystemEmperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing systemwas of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.汉语书写系统秦始皇将七大国统一为一个统一的国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。这一书写系统对于团结中国人民和文化具有重要意义。即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。长难句理解Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.定语从句秦始皇将七大国统一为一个统一的国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。长难句理解Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.让步状语从句即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。no matter where “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”。它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are, you must keep the law.=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。The Chinese Writing SystemWritten Chinesehas also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic works which were writtenby Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system canbe seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.汉语书写系统书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系起来的一个重要手段。现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。对汉字书写系统的高度重视可以从汉字的发展中看出来，汉字作为一种被称为中国书法的艺术形式，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。长难句理解 The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.过去分词作后置定语对汉字书写系统的高度重视可以从汉字的发展中看出来，汉字作为一种被称为中国书法的艺术形式，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。定语从句The Chinese Writing SystemToday, theChinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.汉语书写系统如今，汉字书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。长难句理解As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.原因状语从句随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。Learning EnglishReading for WritingLearning EnglishWang LeHey, everybody,what are your biggest problems with learning English?Liu WenHi! I’ve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice?学习英语王乐嘿，各位，你们学习英语最大的问题是什么？刘雯嗨！我从小学就开始一直学习英语。我以前英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方便有些问题。当我听到以英语为母语的人在视频中讲话时，我只能听明白几个单词。我永远无法抓不住中心思想。有什么建议？长难句理解When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea.宾补随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。时间状语从句catch1. 抓住、接住；接球游戏单词catch 最常用的含义是“抓住、接住某物”、除此之外，catch作为名词还可以指“两个或以上参与者相互掷球的游戏”例：Who will catch the wedding bouquet?接住新娘捧花的会是谁呢。I caught the ball and threw it back to my friend.我接住了球，并扔回给了我的朋友。My son loves to play catch with his father.我儿子很喜欢和他爸爸玩接球游戏。catch2.逮住人；捕获动物；捕鱼量catch 第二个意思是“抓住想要逃跑的人或动物，如罪犯、猎物等”。catch 作可数名词有“捕鱼量”的意思。The suspect was caught within two hours of the crime.嫌犯在案件仅发生两小时内被捕。Ms Anderson taught us how to catch and release wild butterflies.Anderson女士教我们怎样捕捉、放生野蝴蝶。You can get great catches in that river on a warm summer’s day.在暖和的夏日，你能在那条小溪捉到很多鱼。catch3. 撞见、发现固定搭配catch somebody doing something 的意思是“撞见某人在做不好的事情；句型 You wouldn’t catch somebody doing something 的意思是“别指望某人会做某事”。I was caught eating from the fridge in the middle of the night.那天夜里，我从冰箱偷偷拿东西吃的时候被抓了个现行。You wouldn’t catch me buying a jacket for 3000 yuan.别指望我会花3000块买一件夹克。catch4. 赶上、赶乘我们用catch 来指“赶乘交通工具”或“赶上某个活动或事情”。例：Sorry, I have to go and catch the next train home.对不起，我得赶下一班火车回家。Hurry up! Don’t you want to catch the opening act?快点！你难道不想赶过去看第一幕吗？catch5. 患病catch 也可以用来表示生病。catch a cold/ catch an illness, 注意疾病在这里是可数名词哦。例：We are prone to catching colds between seasons.我们在换季时更容易感冒。catch6. 缠住、卡住当然，表示“缠住、卡住”时可以使用catch例：Be careful not to get your hair caught when you get out of the car.下车时当心头发被缠住.We saved a deer caught in a bear trap.我们从捕兽夹中救下了一头小鹿。catch7. 卷入；陷入固定搭配get caught up in 的意思是“意外被卷入某件事、被某事缠身”。例：John got caught up in a row at a bar yesterday.昨天在酒吧，John卷入到一场争吵中。catch8. 听见catch 有“听见、听清楚”之义, 后面一般接人。例：Could you repeat that? I didn’t quite catch you there.你能再说一遍吗？我刚才没听清你说的。catch9. 撞上catch也可以表示“身体的某个部位撞上某处”。例：We use corner cushions to prevent small children from catching the edges of the furniture.我们使用桌角垫，防止儿童磕到家具的边角。catch10. 着火catch fire 是固定搭配, 意思是“失火”，在这里catch是及物动词。例：The wooden house caught fire due to a short circuit.由于电线短路，木屋失火了。catch11. 蹊跷catch作可数名词时，有“看似顺利的计划或提议中隐藏的不利因素或问题”之义。例：It all seems too perfect. There must be a catch.一切都太完美了, 其中一定有蹊跷.catch12. 般配的对象catch作名词还可以表示“合适的对象”，这个用法相对口语化。例：Why can’t you ask Nancy out on a date? She’s a perfect catch.你为什么 不约Nancy呢，她可是个完美对象。Learning EnglishJia Xin Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It’s so much easier to just say “Open the window!”, but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?”学习英语贾欣听英语广播节目有助于我习惯以英语为母语的人的说话速度。我也重复我听到的，以帮助自己体验这门语言的感觉。有时我甚至会录下自己的声音，这样我就可以倾听自己的声音，并将我的发音与电台主持人进行比较！我最头疼的是如何礼貌地使用英语。只是说“打开窗户！”要容易得多，但在英语中这听起来真的太糟糕了。我必须考虑一下我和谁说话，然后决定是否要说“请打开窗户！”或者“请问你能打开窗户吗？”或者更长的“请问你介意打开窗户吗？ ”长难句理解Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.动名词作主语听英语广播节目有助于我习惯以英语为母语的人的说话速度。感叹句长难句理解My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.表语从句我最头疼的是如何礼貌地使用英语。Learning EnglishLi RuiYeah, that’s really hard! I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?”For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! Ican’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. HELP!学习英语李锐是的，那真的很难！我认为这完全取决于你在和谁说话。如果我和一位好朋友谈话，我可以用简短的请求，比如“打开窗户” ——我们的关系很亲密，而且我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话就能弥合我们之间的差距。但是，如果我和一个与我不太亲近的人说话，我必须提出更长的请求—— 我必须把它看作是一个问题，而不是一个要求，例如，“请问你能打开窗户吗？”如果我跟一个比我年长的人说话，那么我应该说：“请问你介意打开窗户吗？”对我而言，词汇是我最大的问题——生词实在太多了！我不能把所有的新词汇直接放进我的脑子里，我当然也不记得如何正确使用它们。求助！bridgen. 桥；桥梁I walked across the bridge.我从大桥上走过。He walked back over the railway bridge.他又从铁路桥上走回去了。a bridge over sth | a bridge across sth 跨越…的桥one of the bridges over the River Seine塞纳河上的一座桥They decided to build a bridge across the Thames Estuary.他们决定在泰晤士河河口建一座桥。bridgen. （人与人之间的）桥梁，纽带We hope this book will act as a bridge between doctor and patient.我们希望这本书会成为医生与病人之间沟通的桥梁。They saw themselves as a bridge to peace.他们自视为通往和平之桥。bridgevt. 减少；缩短；消除The gulf between them was too great to be bridged.他们之间的鸿沟太大，无法逾越。It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to bridge their differences.双方不可能消除分歧。PolyglotsWorkbook-readingPolyglotsPOLYGLOTS:WHAT ARE THEY AND WHO CAN BE ONE?Some polyglots, who can speak quite a few languages, may seem especially talented.Zhao Yuanren, a Chinese American linguist, could speak seven languages and more than 30 dialects. Englands Queen Elizabeth I could speak about 10 languages. A famous Itaian named Guiseppe Mezzofanti was reported to have been able to communicate in 30 to 40 languages. Polyglots are indeed amazing but American teenager Tim Doner is living proof that anyone can try to be one.能通多国语言之人一些通晓多种语言的人可能看起来特别有才华，美籍华裔语言学家赵元仁会说七种语言和30多种方言。英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世会说大约10种语言。据报道，一位名叫吉塞佩·梅佐凡蒂(Guiseppe Mezzofanti)的著名伊泰尼亚人能够用30到40种语言进行交流。通晓多国语言的人确实令人惊叹，然而美国少年蒂姆·多纳(Tim Doner)就是一个活生生的例子，证明任何人都可以尝试成为一名精通多国语言者。长难句理解 A famous Itaian named Guiseppe Mezzofanti was reported to have been able to communicate in 30 to 40 languages. 过去分词作后置定语据报道，一位名叫吉塞佩·梅佐凡蒂(Guiseppe Mezzofanti)的著名伊泰尼亚人能够用30到40种语言进行交流。PolyglotsAs a child, Tim studied French and Latin at school, but he found it difficult to be interested in just words and grammar rules. When he was 13, Tim started listening to Hebrew rap music. One day, he looked up the words in a dictionary and realised he could put them together to make sentences！He started looking for people who spoke Hebrew so he could practise, and then, he decided to sign up for a summer Arabic class. One evening, just for fun, he posted a video of himself speaking Arabic and another of him speaking Hebrew.Hebrew and Arabic speakers wrote nice comments on his videos and gave him advice. Tim loved it. He could actually communicate with people! After that, Tim started looking for new languages to leam, and posting more videos of himself speaking new languages, including Chinese. Tim also began to use many other methods to make learning fun.能通多国语言之人小时候，蒂姆在学校学习法语和拉丁语，但他发现很难对单词和语法规则感兴趣。当他13岁的时候，蒂姆开始听希伯来语的说唱音乐。有一天，他在字典里查到这些单词，然后发现到他可以把它们组合在一起来造句！他开始找会说希伯来语的人，这样他就可以练习了希伯来语了。然后，他决定报名参加一个阿拉伯语暑期班。一天晚上，为了好玩，他发布了一段自己说阿拉伯语的视频，另一段说的是希伯来语。说希伯来语和阿拉伯语的人在他的视频上写下了很好的评论，并给了他建议。蒂姆很喜欢这样的活动。他真的可以跟人交流！在那之后， Tim 开始寻找新的语言来学习，并上传了更多自己说新语言的视频，包括中文。蒂姆还开始使用许多其他方法来使学习变得有趣。长难句理解As a child, Tim studied French and Latin at school, but he found it difficult to be interested in just words and grammar rules.it做形式宾语小时候，蒂姆在学校学习法语和拉丁语，但他发现很难对单词和语法规则感兴趣。bridge主语+谓语动词+it+adj/n+to do sth/that……He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school.他们认为放学后试着做一些家务是重要的。在英语中，某些动词或动词短语不能直接跟宾语从句，必须先接上形式宾语it，然后再把真正的宾语放在后面。这类的动词多表示“喜好”、“厌恶”、“认为”等抽象意义。如like/dislike/enjoy/love/hate/appreciate/owe“欠、归功于”等等，其结构为：V+it when/if从句。动词短语depend on/answer for“负责、担保”/insist on/see to“确保”/take……for granted“认为……理所应当”等后接that从句时，须用It做形式宾语。长难句理解Tim also began to use many other methods to make learning fun.make+宾语+宾补蒂姆还开始使用许多其他方法来使学习变得有趣。PolyglotsTim wishes everyone would learn more than one language and not just as a school subject."Knowing a language is a lot more than knowing a couple of words out of a dictionary.Tim says. Languages are for communicating with people, learning about their culture, and understanding how different people think." Open up your mind to the fact that language represents a cultural world view, "says Tim. "You can translate words easily, but you can't quite translate meaning. "Or, as Nelson Mandela said, "If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart."能通多国语言之人蒂姆希望每个人都能学习多种语言，而不仅仅是作为学校的一门学科。蒂姆说：“了解一门语言比从字典里知道几个单词要多得多。语言是用来与人交流，学习他们的文化，理解不同的人是如何思考的。”他说：“敞开你的心扉，确信语言代表着一种文化世界观。你可以很容易地翻译单词，但你不能完全翻译意思。”或者，正如纳尔逊·曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)所说，“如果你用一种别人听得懂的语言和之交谈，那他能听进大脑里。”如果你用他的本属语言和他交谈，那谈话会进入其内心。”长难句理解" Open up your mind to the fact that language represents a cultural world view, "says Tim. "同位语从句他说：“敞开你的心扉，确信语言代表着一种文化世界观。The Book that Keeps on GrowingExpanding Your WorldThe Book that Keeps on GrowingIt is one of the most famous books in the world; yet it has no story and no interesting characters，no exciting beginning and no satisfying ending. And yet this book keeps being printed—and it keeps growing！At its last printing，it was 20 volumes，with nearly 22,000 pages. This strangely popular book is one of the most famous dictionaries in the English-speaking world，the Oxford English Dictionary.那本不断生长的书它是世界上最著名的书籍之一，但他没有故事，没有有趣的人物，没有令人兴奋的开头，也没有令人满意的结尾。然而，这本书一直在被印刷，而且一直在生长！上一次印刷时，共已有20卷，将近22，000页。这本非常受欢迎的书是英语世界最著名的书之一——《牛津英语词典》。The Book that Keeps on GrowingThe Oxford English Dictionary，or OED for short，began in 1857 as just an idea of a group of people who thought the world needed an English-language dictionary to show the history of English words from 1150 CE to the present. It wasn’t until the late 1870s，however，when James Murray joined the project that it began to grow. Murray planned for a dictionary of about 6400 pages in four volumes，completed in 10 years.那本不断生长的书《牛津英语词典》，简写为OED，始于1857年， 当时只是一群人的一个想法，他们认为世界需要一本英语词典来展示从公元1150年到目前的英语词汇历史。然而，直到19世纪70年代末，当詹姆斯·穆雷加入这个项目时，它才开始成长，穆雷计划用10年时间完成一部四卷约6，400页的词典。长难句理解It wasn’t until the late 1870s，however，when James Murray joined the project that it began to grow. 定语从句然而，直到19世纪70年代末，当詹姆斯·穆雷加入这个项目时，它才开始成长The Book that Keeps on GrowingJames Murray (1837-1915) did most of his work in a small metal building called the Scriptorium. That small building, hot in summer and cold in winter, was the place where Murray and his assistants collected millions of pieces of paper, each one with a word and an example sentence or phrase written on it. Murray and his assistants worked hard, but after five years they had only reached the word ant!那本不断生长的书詹姆斯·穆雷 (1837-1915) 在一座称为“书房”的小金属建筑里完成了他大部分的工作。那小建筑，冬冷夏热，是穆雷和他的助手们收集数以百万计纸片的地方，每张纸片上都写有一个单词和例句或短语。穆雷和他的助手们很努力，但5年后，他们也仅仅只是做到了ant这个词汇。长难句理解That small building, hot in summer and cold in winter, was the place where Murray and his assistants collected millions of pieces of paper, each one with a word and an example sentence or phrase written on it.后置定语然而，直到19世纪70年代末，当詹姆斯·穆雷加入这个项目时，它才开始成长定语从句The Book that Keeps on GrowingIt was not until 1928 that the dictionary was declared complete and published: 10 volumes with over 400,000 words and phrases. James Murray did not live to see the completion of his life's work; he passed away in 1915, over a decade before the OED came out.那本不断生长的书直到1928年，这部词典才宣布完成并出版，共十卷，四十多万个单词和短语。詹姆斯·穆雷没能活着看到他毕生工作的完成；他于1915年去世，过了十多年，《牛津英语词典》才得以出版。The Book that Keeps on GrowingAs soon as the dictionary was published, however, the editors started to update it! In 1933, the Oxford English Dictionary was reprinted in 12 volumes. Between 1972 and 1986, four more volumes were added with new technical and scientific vocabulary and words from other English-speaking countries, such as Canada,the USA, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In1989, the entire dictionary was reprinted in 20 volumes! Three years later, all 20 volumes were put onto CD-ROM, and the entire dictionary is available online today.那本不断生长的书然而，词典一出版，编辑们就开始更新它。1933年，《牛津英语词典》再版，是十二卷。从1972年到1986年，又增加了四卷，有新的科技词汇以和他英语国家的词汇，如加拿大、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰以及南非。1989年，整部词典重印，是二十卷！三年后，所有二十卷都被放到了光盘上，整本词典今天就可以在网上查到。availableadj. 有空的?Will she be available this afternoon?今天下午她有空吗？?The director was not available for comment.主管没有时间发表意见。availableadj. 有空的?Will she be available this afternoon?今天下午她有空吗？?The director was not available for comment.主管没有时间发表意见。availableadj. 单身的?Is she available？她是单身吗？available adj. 可用的，可获得的available resources/facilities可利用的资源／设备readily/freely/publicly/generally available可以容易／免费／让公众／普遍得到的?Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。?When will the information be made available?何时才可以了解到情况？?This was the only room available.这是唯一可用的房间。available adj. 可用的，可获得的available resources/facilities可利用的资源／设备readily/freely/publicly/generally available可以容易／免费／让公众／普遍得到的?Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。?When will the information be made available?何时才可以了解到情况？?This was the only room available.这是唯一可用的房间。The Book that Keeps on GrowingWith about 600,000 words and three million quotations from over 1,000 years of English,the OED not only is a record of where the English language has come from but has also become an important part of the history of English-speaking cultures around the world.那本不断生长的书《牛津英语词典》收录了约六十万词汇和三百万条基于1000多年英语的语录；该词典不仅记录了英语的起源，而且己经成为了世界英语文化史的一个重要组成部分。THANK YOU !