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考点15 强调句型 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版）
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这是一份考点15 强调句型 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了高考重点词汇积累，高考阅读理解长难句分析，强调句型，用单词的适当形式完成短文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点15 强调句型+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.regulation n. 规则，规章
2.reject vt. 拒绝
3.relation n. 关系； 亲属
4.relative n. 亲属，亲戚
5.relax v. (使)放松，轻松
6.relevant adj. 紧密相关的；有意义的
7.reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的
8.relief n. 缓解，消除；救济；援救
9.religious adj. 宗教的
10.remain vi. 剩下；保持，仍是
11.remark n. 谈论；评论
v. 说起；评论
12.remind vt. 提醒，使记起
13.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的
14.remove vt. 移动，拿走；脱掉(衣服等)
15.replace vt. 取代
16.represent vt. 作为……的代表、代理；象征；描绘
17.reputation n. 名气，名声，名誉
18.request n.& vt. 请求，要求
19.requirement n. 需要； 要求； 必要的条件
20.research n.& v. 研究，调查
21.resemble vt. 相似，类似，看起来像(不用于进行时)
22.result n. 结果，效果
23.revision n. 复习，温习
24.reserve n. 保留；储备；替补队员；自然保护区
vt. 预订；储备；保留
25.resign v. 辞职
重点短语
1.make full/good use of 充分利用
put...to use 加以使用
come into use 开始被使用
be of great use 很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth 做某事是没用的
2.make up 组成；化妆；打扮；补充；编造
make up for 弥补；补偿
make room for 给……腾地方
make up one’s mind 下决心
make one’s way 排除困难前进
make progress 进步
make a promise 许诺
make a living 谋生
make out 认出，理解
make it 成功；及时到达
be made up of 由……组成
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
66. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.
【句式翻译】如果叶芝在40岁停止写作，现在他有可能是个名不见经传的诗人，因为在文学史上没有其他的诗人能在50岁和75岁之间写出他最伟大的作品。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，Had Yeats stopped…是虚拟条件从句，省略了if，for引导并列句，who引导限制性定语从句。
【词语点拨】value v. 重视，看重 n.价值 be valued as被认为是
Frank is greatly valued as a good student. 弗兰克被认为是个好学生。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
67. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
【句式翻译】他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的最近的人也远在885英里以外的岛上。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that 引导宾语从句，其中又包含有一个if条件从句和unless条件从句，if条件从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】1）can’t help doing禁不住 can’t help (to)do不能帮助做
This cinema is so impressive that we can't help crying.
这影片如此感人以至我们禁不住流下泪来。
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold.
这药不能帮你治好感冒。
2） contact v.接触；与……联系 n.接触；联系
We agreed to contact again as soon as possible. 我们同意尽快再次联系。
Apparently he never tried to contact her all these years. 显然这些年来他没有跟她联系过。
The pilot was trying to make contact with his base. 飞行员正试图与基地联系。
She is still in close contact with Sarah. 她仍然同萨拉联系密切。
68. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.
【句式翻译】阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
【句式分析】本句包含两个定语从句: that …引导的定语从句修饰先行词imagination ,with which…引导的定语从句修饰先行词mind。
【词语点拨】1)explore vt.探测，探索
The children have gone exploring in the woods. 孩子们去林中探险了。
2)search for 寻找
As they entered the forest, they began to search for a suitable camping spot.
当他们进入森林时，就开始寻找合适的露营地点。
【语法点拨】本句中with which …引导的定语从句属于介词+关系代词，在此结构中指物只能用which。
According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。
69. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
【句式翻译】在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
【句式分析】本句包含一个介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，for which …修饰先行词works of science fiction; three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future 作The Foundation Trilogy 的同位语。
【词语点拨】award n.「C」奖，奖金；vt 授予，给予
She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。
He was awarded a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章。
【语法点拨】本句中for which …引导的定语从句属于介词+关系代词，在此结构中指物只能用which。
70. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists
who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.
【句式翻译】许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
【句式分析】本句包含两个定语从句， who studied …修饰先行词scientists; who died of …修饰先行词people; that Bird Flu is …引导宾语从句，作prove 的宾语。
【词语点拨】1) especially adv. 特别，尤其，通常对前面所描述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充；specially adv. 专门地，强调目的。
He likes all subjects, especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。
I made this cake specially for you. 我特意为你做的这个蛋糕。
2)adaptation n. 改编；适应；adapt vt. 使适应
I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐渐适应了独立生活。
3)prove vt.证明，证实 vi.「用作系动词」证明是
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
经证实，童年时吃蔬菜可帮助日后不生大病。
The book has proved (to be )very successful. 事实证明这本书非常成功。
【语法点拨】本句中定语从句who studied …修饰先行词scientists; 定语从句who died of …修饰先行词people; who 作为关系代词引导定语从句指人并在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
I’ve become good friends with several of the students who I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同学成了好朋友。
三、强调句型
一）、强调句型“It is (was) + ....... +that (who)… ”
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
二）、强调句型 do/did/does + +动词原形
助动词do被用来加强语气时，基本结构为：do+动词原形；第三人称单数一般现在时为：does+动词原形；一般过去时为：did+动词原形。
He does know the place well (does+动词原形)
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
Do write to me when you get there (do+动词原彤)
你到那儿后务必给我来信。
The first time I used the automatic checkout lanes，I did feel very excited (did+动词原形)
当我第一次使用自动结帐通道的时候，我确实感到很兴奋
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．I you can finish the exam in two hours.
A．does believe B．do believe C．did believed D．do believed
2．It was not until the early 18th century _________ the importance of the event was generally realized.
A．what B．when C．whose D．that
3．It was then ________I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.
A．that B．when C．where D．what
4．It was not until I got off the bus ________ I realized my purse had been stolen.
A．where B．when C．that D．before
5．It_________in Unit 5_________ we got to know more about life in nature.
A．is, where B．was, where C．is, that D．was, that
6．________ is it ________ has made Peter ________ he is today?
A．What; that; that B．That; that; what C．That; what; that D．What; that; what
7．It was on a cold winter night ____ Tom was waiting for his girlfriend to see a movie with him ________ the accident occurred.
A．that; that B．when; that C．when; who D．which; where
8．It is the ability to do the job________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A．which B．what C．that D．it
9．________ he came back home that we knew what had happened.
A．When it was B．It was when C．Was it when D．When was it
10．It was in the factory _______his friend worked _________he picked up a lot of experience.
A．where; where B．that; where C．that; that D．where; that
11．Many scientists subscribed to the view ________ it is human activity ________ has caused global warming.
A．how...who B．what...whose C．whether... which D．that...that
12．Was ________Bill, ________played basketball very well, ________helped the blind man across the street?
A．that; that; who B．it; that; that C．it; who; that D．this; who; who
13．It was ________ how much time I had wasted.
A．not until did I begin to work that I realized B．not until I began to work did I realize
C．not until I began to work that I realized D．not until did I begin to work did I realize that
14．It was with great joy ________ he received the news ________ his lost son would soon return home.
A．because; that B．because; which
C．that; that D．that; which
15．Was it in 2018 ________ he was still at middle school ________ the boy became expert at computer?
A．that; where B．when; where C．where; that D．when; that
16．It was in Germany ______ he received his first education.
A．that B．where C．which D．when
17．Darwin saw a variety of new species on the Galapagos Islands, but it was the birds ______ interested him the most.
A．what B．that C．which D．who
18．—Look, he has such a ______.
—Maybe it was we who upset him.
A．straight face B．long face C．poker face D．blank face
19．It was ________ he was sent into the emergency room of the hospital ________ he was unaware of the importance of observing the traffic regulations.
A．not until ... that B．not until ... where
C．until ... that D．until ... where
20．It was in the meeting room on the second floor _________ he lost his dictionary _________ he had bought the week before.
A．where; that B．where; which
C．that; where D．that; 不填
21．It was not until 10 o'clock________he got up this morning.
A．that B．when C．which D．at which
22．It was within the reality of ordinary things ______ he saw beauty and potential.
A．what B．why C．that D．where
23．It was ______ he worked out the maths problem that we wanted to know.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
24．It was from then on ________ Khloe started to think ________ and make informed choices about her life.
A．when; intimately B．that; objectively C．how; constantly D．that; instantly
25．Could it have been on her birthday her parents gave her this computer as a present?
A．then B．that C．when D．that’s why
26．It was in the supermarket ______ she went shopping yesterday ______ she came across her idol.
A．that, when B．where, when C．where, that D．that, that
27．It was in 1999________emojis were first introduced in Japan,________helps people express their feelings.
A．which; that B．when;who C．that; which D．what; where
28．When I try to understand _____prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A．what it is that B．that it is what C．it is what D．what is it that
29．It was ________ I came across my best friend ________ I realized I had left the book at home that we had attempted to finish together today.
A．when; that B．that; when C．that; that D．when;when
30．It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A．when; that B．which; what C．that; which D．which; that
二、汉译英（整句）
31．正是因为你把每一次失利视作对自己的激励，你才取得了如此巨大的进步。(regard)（汉译英）
32．正是因为Anne的简单而直接的教学，Helen 打开了词汇世界的大门。（汉译英）
33．正是因为被比作“美国的母亲之路”，才在近几年让66号公路越来越受欢迎。（It, popularity）（汉译英）
34．是她的能力让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出。（强调句）（汉译英）
35．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。（强调句）（汉译英）
36．直到我和他讲话，他才注意到我。 ( It was … that … ) （汉译英）
37．爸爸的确是爱你的，他只是不擅长表达对你的关心。(汉译英)
38．是医生对病人的奉献让奇迹出现的。（devotion，miracle，强调句）（汉译英）
39．是她的表演让病人高兴起来的。（强调主语）（汉译英）
40．是强烈的责任感让我完成这个工作的。(It is/was... that...) (汉译英)
41．正是被请上台朗读诗歌的这段经历帮助我熟记了各种长文。(It, heart) (汉译英)
42．直到我读了《海国图志》，我才意识到改革开放的重要性。(It was not until...that)(汉译英)
43．正是他的陪伴使我度过了我生命中的艰难时光。(强调句)(汉译英)
44．到了机场他才意识到没有带护照。（It）(汉译英)
45．直到全球健康危机来袭，我们才开始反思真正对自己重要的事情，也不再认为自己所拥有的是理所当然的。(It) （汉译英）
46．正是胡同给人留下了最深刻的印象，因为它们为游客提供了一个了解北京过去的罕见视角。(强调句;view) （汉译英）
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查强调结构。句意：我真地相信你能在两小时内完成考试。believe是动词，表示“相信”，在句中作谓语，对谓语动词表示强调，应用“do/does/did+动词原形”，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是I，助动词应用do。故选B项。
2．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到18世纪早期，人们才普遍认识到这一事件的重要性。分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句时间状语“not until the early 18th century”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故选D项。
3．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：就在那时，我想起我把手表忘在酒吧里了。强调句的构成: It is/was +被强调的成分+ that/who +其它成分，本句中被强调的是副词then，它在原句中作状语，原句为：Then I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.故选A项。
4．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到我下公交车我才意识到我的钱包被偷了。A. where哪里；B. when什么时候；C. that那；那个；D. before在……之前。分析句子结构及句意，可知此处为强调句型，即It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他的结构，此处强调时间状语not until I got off the bus，应用that。故选C项。
5．D
【详解】考查强调句和时态。句意：正是在第五单元，我们对自然界的生命有了更多的了解。强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对地点状语in Unit5进行强调，结合“got”可知，使用一般过去时。故选D。
6．D
【详解】考查强调句型和名词性从句。句意：什么使Peter成了现在的样子？分析结构可知，此句是强调句型的特殊问句，结构为“疑问代词+ is/was+it+that/who+其他部分”，第一空用疑问代词what，在句中作主语，第二空是强调句型中的that，第三空Peter后面的句子缺少表语，that不作成分，应该用what，故选D。
7．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：就是在汤姆等他女朋友和他一起看电影的那个寒冷冬夜，事故发生了。分析句子可知，第一空处引导定语从句，修饰night，关系词代替先行词night在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when；第二空处考查强调句，因为去掉It was和设空处，依然是个完整的句子，强调句结构为It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that（强调人时可用who），本句强调的是时间状语on a cold winter night，故用that。故选B项。
8．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：重要的是做这项工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里，是干什么的。分析句子结构可知这是一个强调句结构，由that 或who 引导从句，故选C项。
9．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他回家后，我们才知道发生了什么事。句子是强调句，结构为：It was+ 被强调部分+ that+其他，此处被强调部分是时间状语when he came back home。故选B。
10．D
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：他在他的朋友工作的这家工厂里学到了许多的经验。分析句子结构可知，第一空处考查定语从句，先行词为the factory，在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where；第二空处使用了强调结构It is/was+强调部分+that+剩余部分，本句强调部分为地点状语，故选D项。
11．D
【详解】考查同位语从句和it强调句。句意：许多科学家赞同人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。名词view意为“观点”，其后从句是对view作解释说明，所以是同位语从句，从句成分完整，应用从属连词that引导。去掉it is和第二个空格后从句完整，所以此处为it强调句，即“it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分”，所以第二个空格处应用that。故选D。
12．C
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：比尔篮球打得很好，是他帮助盲人过了马路吗? 强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that…，其中如果强调部分指人，也可用who代替that；句中Bill是先行词，指人，后面的非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以who引导定语从句，第二空填who；该句是强调句型的一般疑问句，强调句子主语Bill，所以第一空填it，第三空填that/who。故选C。
13．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我开始工作，我才意识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。本句为强调句，其结构为It is/was +强调部分+ that从句，强调not ... until ...引导的时间状语从句，所以构成It is/was not until ... that ...结构。在此强调句结构，否定词not until不在句首，所以主句不需要倒装。故选C。
14．C
【详解】考查强调句和同位语从句。句意：听到走失的儿子马上就能回家的消息，他满心欢喜。分析句子结构可知，“it is+被强调部分+that+其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，第一个空格处对伴随状语“with great joy”进行强调，故应使用that；结合语境可知，第二个空格后从句部分解释说明news的具体内容，为同位语，且从句中成分和意义完整，应用that引导。综上，故选C。
15．D
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：是在2018年，还在上中学的他成为了电脑专家吗?该句是强调句型，强调时间状语in 2018，第二空填that；2018作先行词，在后面的定语从句he was still at middle school中作时间状语，所以定语从句由关系副词when引导。 故选D。
16．A
【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：他在德国接受了他的第一次教育。强调句句型是：it be+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，此句是强调句，in Germany是被强调部分，应用that，故选A。
17．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：达尔文在加拉帕戈斯群岛看到了各种各样的新物种，但他最感兴趣的是鸟类。去掉it was和空处，剩下的部分可以构成完整的句子，可知为强调句“It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分”，被强调部分为the birds，应用that。故选B。
18．B
【详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：——看，他拉长着脸。——也许是我们惹恼了他。A. straight face绷着脸；B. long face拉长脸，不高兴；C. poker face毫无表情的脸；D. blank face没表情的脸。根据句意可知，也许是我们惹恼了他，由此可知，他是拉长着脸，不高兴了，“long face”意为“拉长脸，不高兴”，符合语境。故选B项。
19．C
【详解】考查强调句和固定句型。句意：直到他被送进医院急救室，他才意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。分析句子，表示“直到……才”用not...until；句中的unaware of意为“未意识到”表示否定，故此处用until；同时第二空与句首it was构成强调句结构即it was+强调部分+that+句子，意为“就是……”，符合句意，故选C。
20．D
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：就是在二楼的会议室里，他丢了他上星期买的字典。第一空，强调句型的基本句型是：It is/was +被强调部分+that +句子其他成分，此处对地点状语进行强调，空处需填 that；第二空，空处引导定语从句，先行词dictionary，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that, which 引导或不填。故选D。
21．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：今天早上直到10点他才起床。去掉it was和设空处句子依然完整，由此可知，此处考查强调句型：it be+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他，此处对时间状语进行强调，应用that。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是在平凡事物的现实中，他看到了美和潜力。强调句型：It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；分析句子可知，本句使用了强调句型，强调的是原句中地点状语“within the reality of ordinary things”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故选C项。
23．B
【详解】考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：我们想知道的是他是如何解出这道数学题的。分析句子可知，It was…that构成强调句型，know后缺少宾语，结合句意，此处表示“想知道他是如何解出这道数学题的”，用how引导宾语从句。句子中被强调的部分是宾语从句。故选B项。
24．B
【详解】考查强调句和副词词义辨析。句意：从那时起Khloe开始客观地思考，并对自己的生活做出明智的选择。第一空是强调句型，即it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，将it is/was...that/who去掉后，句子是完整句子，此处强调时间from then on，应用that；第二空考查副词，intimately熟悉地；objectively客观地；constantly持续不断地；instantly立刻；马上。根据下文“make informed choices about her life.”可知，此处表示客观地思考，故选B。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：会不会是在她生日那天，她父母把这台电脑作为礼物送给她的？分析句子，句中it could have been+强调部分+that为强调句结构，对on her birthday进行强调。故选B。
26．C
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意： 是在她昨天购物的超市她偶遇了她的偶像。 分析句子可知，空一引导定语从句，修饰the supermarket，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where；空二引导强调句型，强调地点状语in the supermarket ,强调句的基本结构是：it is/was + 被强调部分+that +句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that， 空二填that，故选 C。
【点睛】
27．C
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：表情符号最早出现在日本是在1999年，它帮助人们表达情感。分析句子可知，“emojis were first introduced in Japan in 1999”是完整的句子，故主句是强调句型，空格一填that，空格二引导定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
【点睛】
28．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：当我试图理解是什么阻碍了如此多的美国人像人们所期望的那样快乐时，在我看来有两个原因。分析句子结构，此句为动词understand后接宾语从句，从句动词prevents缺主语，用连词代词what引导。因句子宾语从句里面包含一个强调句的疑问句型：特殊疑问词+is/was it that，又宾语从句需用陈述句语序，故is/was应置于it之后。综上，故选A项。
29．A
【详解】考查强调句以及状语从句的引导词。句意：当我遇到我最好的朋友时，我才意识到我把书忘在家里了，我们本来打算今天一起完成的。分析可知，主句为强调句，其结构为It+is/was+被强调成份+that/who+其他。结合句意，被强调部分“_______ I came across my best friend ”为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故第一空为when；第二空为强调句引导词that。故选A。
30．D
【详解】考查定语从句，强调句。句意：是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知，第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句，先行词为time，从句中缺少宾语，因此需要使用关系代词which，根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知，第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调，因此需要使用that。故选D。
31．It is because you regard every failure as an inspiration that you have made such great progress.
【详解】考查强调句型结构、原因状语从句、短语、名词、副词和时态。分析句子可知，强调句型结构是“It is ...that ...”，强调句子的原因状语；原因状语从句表示直接原因用because 引导；表示“把……看做”短语为“regard...as ”；表示“取得巨大的进步”短语为“make great progress”，progress为不可数名词；表示“激励”应用名词“inspiration”；表示“失利”应用“failure”；表示“如此”应用“such”，修饰形容词great；根据句意，主句应用现在完成时，从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为It is because you regard every failure as an inspiration that you have made such great progress。
32．It was because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching that Helen had the world of words opened up to her.
【详解】考查强调句和状语从句。此处为强调句句型“it be+被强调部分+that+…”，被强调部分表示“因为Anne的简单而直接的教学”翻译为because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching；主句表示“Helen 打开了词汇世界的大门”翻译为Helen had the world of words opened up to her。句子用一般过去时。故翻译为It was because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching that Helen had the world of words opened up to her.
33．It is because of being compared to the Mother Road of America that Route 66 has gained popularity over recent years.
【详解】考查时态和强调句结构。根据句意，句子可用强调句句型“It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，because of (因为)，be compared to (被比作)，其中被强调部分“因为被比作‘美国的母亲之路’”，译为because of being compared to the Mother Road of America，被强调部分为原句状语，其他部分“近几年66号公路越来越受欢迎”，“近几年”译为over recent years，作时间状语置于句末，句子应用现在完成时，主语“66号公路”译为Route 66，“越来越受欢迎”译为gain popularity，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式has gained。故翻译为It is because of being compared to the Mother Road of America that Route 66 has gained popularity over recent years.
34．It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.
【详解】考查强调句。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。强调句句型为：it is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其他部分。本句强调主语部分“她的能力”，表示“是她的能力”为it was her ability；强调部分是事物，故用that引导后文；表示“让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出”为made her stand out from all the participants，make sb. do sth.是固定用法，不带to不定式作宾补，介词短语from all the participants作状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.
35．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
【详解】考查强调句和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“正是”应用强调句型It was......that......；表示主语“这项研究”应用this research；表示谓语“启发了”应用动词的一般过去时形式inspired；表示宾语““六度分隔”这一说法”应用the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”。故翻译为It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
36．It was not until I talked to him that he noticed me.
【详解】考查强调句结构。句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，“直到……才……”使用固定短语not ...until…，且结合句意，句子应用强调句结构“It was not until … that…”，“直到我和他讲话”译为until I talked to him，连同not作被强调部分，that后接其余部分，“他才注意到我”译为he didn’t notice me，其中not被提前至被强调部分，剩余部分为he noticed me。故翻译为It was not until I talked to him that he noticed me.
37．Dad does love you. He is just not good at showing/expressing concern about/over/for you.
【详解】考查强调和时态。讲述事实，时态用一般现在时，“爸爸的确是爱你的”用强调谓语结构，主语Dad，用助动词does+love (爱)表强调，be good at doing sth. (擅长做某事)，show/express concern about/over/for sb. (对某人表示关心)，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Dad does love you. He is just not good at showing/expressing concern about/over/for you.
38．It is the doctors’ devotion to the patients that makes the miracle happen.
【详解】考查强调句型。“奉献”使用不可数名词devotion作主语，常和介词to搭配表示“对……的奉献”，“让”使用动词make，make sb/sth do sth让……做某事，“奇迹”使用名词miracle，“发生”使用动词happen，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，本句使用强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that/who+其他”，强调主语，后面用that，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It is the doctors’ devotion to the patients that makes the miracle happen.。
39．It was her performance that cheered the patients up.
【详解】考查强调句型，时态和短语。分析句子可知，本句使用强调句型结构：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”。强调主语，所以把主语her performance放在被强调的位置。“让……高兴起来”为短语cheer sb. up，“病人”为the patients，描述为过去所发生的事情，所以时态为一般过去时。故翻译为It was her performance that cheered the patients up。
40．It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.
【详解】考查强调句型。分析语境，可知描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，强烈的责任感让我完成这个工作，译为“A strong sense of responsibility made me finish the work”，用强调句型It was...that...，强调主语，应变为It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.，故翻译为It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.。
41．It was the experience of being brought forward to read poems that helped me learn by heart various long passages.
【详解】考查强调句型和固定短语。根据提示词it和分析汉语可知，该句应使用强调句型，it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，如果强调内容为物，用that，如果强调内容为人，用that/who，此处强调的是句子主语，指物，应用that。“这段经历”应为the experience作主语的核心词，“被请上台的”作定语修饰the experience，应为of being brought forward，“读诗歌”作目的状语应为to read poems，所以主语部分翻译为the experience of being brought forward to read poems；表示“帮助某人做某事”应为help sb. (to) do sth.在句中作谓语部分；根据提示heart可知“熟记”为learn sth. by heart其中宾语sth.可以置于heart之后，“各种”译为various，修饰名词时，名词用复数，所以“各种长文”译为various long passages在句中作learn的宾语；结合句意可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态，谓语和宾语部分翻译为helped me learn by heart various long passages，最后将主语、谓语和宾语置于强调句型it was…that…之中。故翻译为It was the experience of being brought forward to read poems that helped me learn by heart various long passages.。
42．It was not until I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi that I realised the importance of reform and opening up.
【详解】考查强调句。“直到……才”用not...until表示，结合题干要求，需用not...until的强调句形式，即it is/was not until +被强调的部分+that+其他。此处描述过去的事情，故be动词用was，被强调的部分是“我读了《海国图志》”表示为I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi，“意识到”用动词realise表示，“改革开放”表示为reform and opening up，“……的重要性”表示为the importance of。故译为It was not until I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi that I realised the importance of reform and opening up。
43．It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
【详解】考查名词、强调句以及时态。表示“陪伴”应用名词company；表示“使某人度过”应用短语help sb. through sth.。根据题目要求，此处应用强调句型，即It is/was +被强调部分+that+其它。根据句意可知，本句应用一般过去时态。故翻译为：It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
44．It was not until he got to the airport that he realized he did not have the passport with him.
【详解】考查强调句型、动词短语、宾语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词it可知，该句为It is…that…的强调句型，结合句意以及句子结构可知，应为not…until的强调句型结构，为it is/was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+主句。在该句型中，表示“到了机场”为动词短语got to the airport；表示“意识到”为动词realized，后接省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句，表示“他没有带护照”可译为：he did not have the passport with him。结合句意可知，该句应为一般过去时。故翻译为：It was not until he got to the airport that he realized he did not have the passport with him。
45．It was not until the global health crisis hit that we began to reflect on the things which really matter to ourselves and not to take what we have for granted.
【详解】考查强调句，动词，固定搭配和宾语从句。根据句意，整句话表述过去事实，应该使用一般过去时。表示“直到……才”应该用not...until，表示“直到全球健康危机来袭”应该使用强调句结构it was not until the global health crisis hit that...；表示“开始反思”，应该用began to reflect on the things；表示“对自己重要的事情”应该使用which引导的定语从句即which really matter to ourselves；表示“认为……是理所应当的”，应该使用固定搭配take sth for granted；表示“认为自己所拥有的是理所当然的”，应该使用what引导的宾语从句即take what we have for granted。故翻译为It was not until the global health crisis hit that we began to reflect on the things which really matter to ourselves and not to take what we have for granted。
46．It is the hutongs that make a deep impression on people as they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past.
【详解】考查时态、强调句和原因状语从句。强调句用“It is+被强调部分+that+从句”来表示；表示“胡同”用the hutongs；表示“给人留下深刻印象”用make a deep impression on people；用as来引导原因状语从句；表示“他们为游客提供一个了解北京过去的罕见视角”用they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past，全句陈述客观事实用一般现在时。故填It is the hutongs that make a deep impression on people as they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past。
课后巩固提高
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
47．He likes to give the ________ (印象) that he’s terribly popular and has lots of friends. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．Having lived in American for many years, many Chinese Americans still ________(庆祝) the Chinese traditional customs. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
49．Much to my _________ (宽慰，轻松), the car was not damaged. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50．The idea “Yincaishijiao” means creating an education tailored to each________(个体). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51．He found himself ________ (包围) by a group of doctors when he came to life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．Our New York _____(分支) is dealing with the matter. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
53．She took the job for _____(各种各样的) reasons. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54．Airplanes ________ (使能够) people to travel great distances rapidly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55．If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time ________ (适合) you best. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56．We should pay attention to the side effects of this drug, ________(变化)from person to person. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wanted the Earth to open and swallow you up? I had that feeling when I was on business in the Netherlands five years ago. I tried to make 57 good impression on my business partner, but I made a fool of 58 (I), instead!
It all went wrong from the moment we 59 (shake) hands. I held out my right hand, but kept my left hand in my pocket. From my business partner’s 60 (react) I could tell that the Dutch find that very rude. I attempted 61 (make) things better, so I said, “What a 62 (beauty) country Holland is!” My business partner wasn’t pleased with my compliment (称赞). He made it very clear 63 they never call the Netherlands Holland. Holland is just one region in the Netherlands.
InKorea, keep your voice down. It’s rude to talk or laugh loudly. Koreans, especially women, cover their mouths when they laugh; it’s rude to show your 64 (tooth)!
In Arab countries, it’s not a good idea to admire something too much; the owner will probably give it to you 65 a present. Just imagine 66 (go) back home with a real live camel !
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again proved its 67 (able)to change the world with the “four new inventions”: high-speed rail, mobile payment, bike-sharing and e-commerce.
They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation, 68 has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey 69 (make)by the Belt and Road research institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said 70 university student, 71 (add)that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating mode of bike-sharing 72 (base)on the satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has 73 (gradual)entered a new innovative era, thanks to large amounts of capital(资金)China has invested 74 (encourage)innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO representative in China.
75 is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is true of mobiles, where China is leading in many ways, such as the social messaging app WeChat. This is partly because China has skipped over the PC era and gone directly to the mobile era. China has the 76 (large)mobile use in the world.
参考答案：
47．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：他喜欢给人的印象是他非常受欢迎，有很多朋友。该空需要一个名词作宾语，名词impression意为“印象”，符合题意。故填impression。
48．observe/celebrate
【详解】考查动词。句意：在美国生活多年，许多华裔美国人仍然庆祝中国的传统习俗。根据“the Chinese traditional customs”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词observe/celebrate，作句子的谓语，且句子在描述一般性的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many Chinese Americans为复数，observe/celebrate保持原形。故填observe/celebrate。
49．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：让我很宽慰的是，汽车没有损坏。“宽慰，轻松”为名词relief，to one’s relief固定搭配，意为“让某人宽慰的是”，故填relief。
50．individual
【详解】考查名词。句意：“因材施教”的意思是为每个人量身定制教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“个体”应为individual，因空前有each修饰，所以此处应使用名词单数形式。故填individual。
51．surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他苏醒过来时，他发现自己被一群医生包围着。find+宾语+宾补，“包围”为动词surround，和himself是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填surrounded。
52．branch
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们纽约分公司正在处理此事。根据“is dealing with the matter”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch，作句子的主语，表示“纽约的分公司”，且谓语动词为is dealing，branch用单数形式。故填branch。
53．various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她因各种原因接受了这份工作。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词。根据汉语提示，表示“各种各样的”含义的形容词为various，故填various。
54．enable
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：飞机使人们能够快速地长途旅行。根据汉语提示“使能够”可知，空格处涉及单词“enable”，意为“使能够”，动词词性，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“Airplanes”为可数名词复数，故空格处应用“enable”的原形。故填enable。
55．suits
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你方便的话，我们八点半在校门外见面吧。如果没有，让我知道你什么时候最合适。分析句子结构可知，本句是what引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少无语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意和所给中文提示词，应是suit意为“适合”，主语是what time为第三人称单数，根据前文可知，用一般现在时。故填suits。
56．varying
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们要注意这种药的副作用，因人而异。根据汉语提示可知应填动词vary，与逻辑主语the side effects 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填varying。
57．a 58．myself 59．shook 60．reaction 61．to make 62．beautiful 63．that 64．teeth 65．as 66．going
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过作者的自身经历说明了不同国家之间的文化差异。
57．考查冠词。句意：我想给我的商业伙伴留下一个好印象，但我却让自己出丑了！表示“留下一个好印象”短语为make a good impression。故填a。
58．考查代词。句意：我想给我的商业伙伴留下一个好印象，但我却让自己出丑了！结合语境可知指“我自己”应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
59．考查时态。句意：从我们握手的那一刻起，一切都变了。根据went可知为一般过去时。故填shook。
60．考查名词。句意：从我的商业伙伴的反应中，我可以看出荷兰人觉得这很粗鲁。作介词的宾语，应用名词reaction，此处指一个反应，应用单数。故填reaction。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：我试图让事情变得更好，所以我说：“Holland是一个多么美丽的国家啊！”短语attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”。故填to make。
62．考查形容词。句意：我试图让事情变得更好，所以我说：“Holland是一个多么美丽的国家啊！”修饰名词country应用形容词beautiful，作定语。故填beautiful。
63．考查固定句型。句意：他说得很清楚，他们从不称荷兰为Holland。此处为句型make it adj. that，it作形式宾语。故填that。
64．考查名词的数。句意：韩国人，尤其是女性，笑的时候会捂着嘴；露出牙齿是不礼貌的！此处tooth表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填teeth。
65．考查介词。句意：在阿拉伯国家，过分欣赏某样东西不是个好主意；店主可能会把它作为礼物送给你。表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，带着一只真正的骆驼回家吧！短语imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。故填going。
67．ability 68．which 69．made 70．a 71．adding 72．is based 73．gradually 74．to encourage 75．It 76．largest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国改变世界的“新四大发明”：高速铁路、电子支付、共享自行车，和在线购物。
67．考查名词。句意：中国通过“新四大发明”——高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和网上购物——再次证明了自己改变世界的能力。分析句子结构并由空前的its可知, 空处作宾语，应用名词形式ability，根据句意用单数。故填ability。
68．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，这与中国的高科技创新有关，科技创新提高了人们的生活质量。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词innovation，为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。故填which。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故make只能用非谓语动词定语，且和逻辑主语survey 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
70．考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包不用了。一名大学生说，他还补充说，“甚至卖煎饼的人也在使用移动支付。”student为可数名词，此处表示泛指一个学生，university首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，add用非谓语动词作状语，主语student与add之间为主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式作状语。故填adding。
72．考查动词时态语态。句意：自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运行模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据和其他高技术。分析句子可知，base是谓语动词，base 和句子主语之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the operating mode of bike-sharing, 表示单数概念，故填is based。
73．考查副词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国逐渐进入一个新的创新时代。修饰动词entered, 故用副词形式作状语，故填gradually。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国逐渐进入一个新的创新时代。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语, 所以填to encourage。
考查固定搭配。句意：她说，在移动领域尤其如此，中国在很多方面都处于领先地位，比如社交通讯应用微信。短语in many ways “在许多方面”介词用in。故填in。
75．考查代词it。句意：越来越明显的是，中国正在创新，不再抄袭西方的理念。分析句子可知，“that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas”是句子真正的主语, 句子主语较长, 为避免句子头重脚轻, 这里需要一个形式主语, 故填It。
76．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国拥有世界上最大的移动设备应用量。根据空前的the以及空后的in the world可知， 空处应用最高级形式，故填largest。
考点15 强调句型+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.regulation n. 规则，规章
2.reject vt. 拒绝
3.relation n. 关系； 亲属
4.relative n. 亲属，亲戚
5.relax v. (使)放松，轻松
6.relevant adj. 紧密相关的；有意义的
7.reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的
8.relief n. 缓解，消除；救济；援救
9.religious adj. 宗教的
10.remain vi. 剩下；保持，仍是
11.remark n. 谈论；评论
v. 说起；评论
12.remind vt. 提醒，使记起
13.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的
14.remove vt. 移动，拿走；脱掉(衣服等)
15.replace vt. 取代
16.represent vt. 作为……的代表、代理；象征；描绘
17.reputation n. 名气，名声，名誉
18.request n.& vt. 请求，要求
19.requirement n. 需要； 要求； 必要的条件
20.research n.& v. 研究，调查
21.resemble vt. 相似，类似，看起来像(不用于进行时)
22.result n. 结果，效果
23.revision n. 复习，温习
24.reserve n. 保留；储备；替补队员；自然保护区
vt. 预订；储备；保留
25.resign v. 辞职
重点短语
1.make full/good use of 充分利用
put...to use 加以使用
come into use 开始被使用
be of great use 很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth 做某事是没用的
2.make up 组成；化妆；打扮；补充；编造
make up for 弥补；补偿
make room for 给……腾地方
make up one’s mind 下决心
make one’s way 排除困难前进
make progress 进步
make a promise 许诺
make a living 谋生
make out 认出，理解
make it 成功；及时到达
be made up of 由……组成
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
66. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.
【句式翻译】如果叶芝在40岁停止写作，现在他有可能是个名不见经传的诗人，因为在文学史上没有其他的诗人能在50岁和75岁之间写出他最伟大的作品。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，Had Yeats stopped…是虚拟条件从句，省略了if，for引导并列句，who引导限制性定语从句。
【词语点拨】value v. 重视，看重 n.价值 be valued as被认为是
Frank is greatly valued as a good student. 弗兰克被认为是个好学生。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
67. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
【句式翻译】他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的最近的人也远在885英里以外的岛上。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that 引导宾语从句，其中又包含有一个if条件从句和unless条件从句，if条件从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】1）can’t help doing禁不住 can’t help (to)do不能帮助做
This cinema is so impressive that we can't help crying.
这影片如此感人以至我们禁不住流下泪来。
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold.
这药不能帮你治好感冒。
2） contact v.接触；与……联系 n.接触；联系
We agreed to contact again as soon as possible. 我们同意尽快再次联系。
Apparently he never tried to contact her all these years. 显然这些年来他没有跟她联系过。
The pilot was trying to make contact with his base. 飞行员正试图与基地联系。
She is still in close contact with Sarah. 她仍然同萨拉联系密切。
68. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.
【句式翻译】阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
【句式分析】本句包含两个定语从句: that …引导的定语从句修饰先行词imagination ,with which…引导的定语从句修饰先行词mind。
【词语点拨】1)explore vt.探测，探索
The children have gone exploring in the woods. 孩子们去林中探险了。
2)search for 寻找
As they entered the forest, they began to search for a suitable camping spot.
当他们进入森林时，就开始寻找合适的露营地点。
【语法点拨】本句中with which …引导的定语从句属于介词+关系代词，在此结构中指物只能用which。
According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。
69. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
【句式翻译】在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
【句式分析】本句包含一个介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，for which …修饰先行词works of science fiction; three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future 作The Foundation Trilogy 的同位语。
【词语点拨】award n.「C」奖，奖金；vt 授予，给予
She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。
He was awarded a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章。
【语法点拨】本句中for which …引导的定语从句属于介词+关系代词，在此结构中指物只能用which。
70. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists
who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.
【句式翻译】许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
【句式分析】本句包含两个定语从句， who studied …修饰先行词scientists; who died of …修饰先行词people; that Bird Flu is …引导宾语从句，作prove 的宾语。
【词语点拨】1) especially adv. 特别，尤其，通常对前面所描述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充；specially adv. 专门地，强调目的。
He likes all subjects, especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。
I made this cake specially for you. 我特意为你做的这个蛋糕。
2)adaptation n. 改编；适应；adapt vt. 使适应
I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐渐适应了独立生活。
3)prove vt.证明，证实 vi.「用作系动词」证明是
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
经证实，童年时吃蔬菜可帮助日后不生大病。
The book has proved (to be )very successful. 事实证明这本书非常成功。
【语法点拨】本句中定语从句who studied …修饰先行词scientists; 定语从句who died of …修饰先行词people; who 作为关系代词引导定语从句指人并在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
I’ve become good friends with several of the students who I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同学成了好朋友。
三、强调句型
一）、强调句型“It is (was) + ....... +that (who)… ”
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
二）、强调句型 do/did/does + +动词原形
助动词do被用来加强语气时，基本结构为：do+动词原形；第三人称单数一般现在时为：does+动词原形；一般过去时为：did+动词原形。
He does know the place well (does+动词原形)
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
Do write to me when you get there (do+动词原彤)
你到那儿后务必给我来信。
The first time I used the automatic checkout lanes，I did feel very excited (did+动词原形)
当我第一次使用自动结帐通道的时候，我确实感到很兴奋
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．I you can finish the exam in two hours.
A．does believe B．do believe C．did believed D．do believed
2．It was not until the early 18th century _________ the importance of the event was generally realized.
A．what B．when C．whose D．that
3．It was then ________I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.
A．that B．when C．where D．what
4．It was not until I got off the bus ________ I realized my purse had been stolen.
A．where B．when C．that D．before
5．It_________in Unit 5_________ we got to know more about life in nature.
A．is, where B．was, where C．is, that D．was, that
6．________ is it ________ has made Peter ________ he is today?
A．What; that; that B．That; that; what C．That; what; that D．What; that; what
7．It was on a cold winter night ____ Tom was waiting for his girlfriend to see a movie with him ________ the accident occurred.
A．that; that B．when; that C．when; who D．which; where
8．It is the ability to do the job________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A．which B．what C．that D．it
9．________ he came back home that we knew what had happened.
A．When it was B．It was when C．Was it when D．When was it
10．It was in the factory _______his friend worked _________he picked up a lot of experience.
A．where; where B．that; where C．that; that D．where; that
11．Many scientists subscribed to the view ________ it is human activity ________ has caused global warming.
A．how...who B．what...whose C．whether... which D．that...that
12．Was ________Bill, ________played basketball very well, ________helped the blind man across the street?
A．that; that; who B．it; that; that C．it; who; that D．this; who; who
13．It was ________ how much time I had wasted.
A．not until did I begin to work that I realized B．not until I began to work did I realize
C．not until I began to work that I realized D．not until did I begin to work did I realize that
14．It was with great joy ________ he received the news ________ his lost son would soon return home.
A．because; that B．because; which
C．that; that D．that; which
15．Was it in 2018 ________ he was still at middle school ________ the boy became expert at computer?
A．that; where B．when; where C．where; that D．when; that
16．It was in Germany ______ he received his first education.
A．that B．where C．which D．when
17．Darwin saw a variety of new species on the Galapagos Islands, but it was the birds ______ interested him the most.
A．what B．that C．which D．who
18．—Look, he has such a ______.
—Maybe it was we who upset him.
A．straight face B．long face C．poker face D．blank face
19．It was ________ he was sent into the emergency room of the hospital ________ he was unaware of the importance of observing the traffic regulations.
A．not until ... that B．not until ... where
C．until ... that D．until ... where
20．It was in the meeting room on the second floor _________ he lost his dictionary _________ he had bought the week before.
A．where; that B．where; which
C．that; where D．that; 不填
21．It was not until 10 o'clock________he got up this morning.
A．that B．when C．which D．at which
22．It was within the reality of ordinary things ______ he saw beauty and potential.
A．what B．why C．that D．where
23．It was ______ he worked out the maths problem that we wanted to know.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
24．It was from then on ________ Khloe started to think ________ and make informed choices about her life.
A．when; intimately B．that; objectively C．how; constantly D．that; instantly
25．Could it have been on her birthday her parents gave her this computer as a present?
A．then B．that C．when D．that’s why
26．It was in the supermarket ______ she went shopping yesterday ______ she came across her idol.
A．that, when B．where, when C．where, that D．that, that
27．It was in 1999________emojis were first introduced in Japan,________helps people express their feelings.
A．which; that B．when;who C．that; which D．what; where
28．When I try to understand _____prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A．what it is that B．that it is what C．it is what D．what is it that
29．It was ________ I came across my best friend ________ I realized I had left the book at home that we had attempted to finish together today.
A．when; that B．that; when C．that; that D．when;when
30．It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A．when; that B．which; what C．that; which D．which; that
二、汉译英（整句）
31．正是因为你把每一次失利视作对自己的激励，你才取得了如此巨大的进步。(regard)（汉译英）
32．正是因为Anne的简单而直接的教学，Helen 打开了词汇世界的大门。（汉译英）
33．正是因为被比作“美国的母亲之路”，才在近几年让66号公路越来越受欢迎。（It, popularity）（汉译英）
34．是她的能力让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出。（强调句）（汉译英）
35．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。（强调句）（汉译英）
36．直到我和他讲话，他才注意到我。 ( It was … that … ) （汉译英）
37．爸爸的确是爱你的，他只是不擅长表达对你的关心。(汉译英)
38．是医生对病人的奉献让奇迹出现的。（devotion，miracle，强调句）（汉译英）
39．是她的表演让病人高兴起来的。（强调主语）（汉译英）
40．是强烈的责任感让我完成这个工作的。(It is/was... that...) (汉译英)
41．正是被请上台朗读诗歌的这段经历帮助我熟记了各种长文。(It, heart) (汉译英)
42．直到我读了《海国图志》，我才意识到改革开放的重要性。(It was not until...that)(汉译英)
43．正是他的陪伴使我度过了我生命中的艰难时光。(强调句)(汉译英)
44．到了机场他才意识到没有带护照。（It）(汉译英)
45．直到全球健康危机来袭，我们才开始反思真正对自己重要的事情，也不再认为自己所拥有的是理所当然的。(It) （汉译英）
46．正是胡同给人留下了最深刻的印象，因为它们为游客提供了一个了解北京过去的罕见视角。(强调句;view) （汉译英）
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查强调结构。句意：我真地相信你能在两小时内完成考试。believe是动词，表示“相信”，在句中作谓语，对谓语动词表示强调，应用“do/does/did+动词原形”，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是I，助动词应用do。故选B项。
2．D
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到18世纪早期，人们才普遍认识到这一事件的重要性。分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句时间状语“not until the early 18th century”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故选D项。
3．A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：就在那时，我想起我把手表忘在酒吧里了。强调句的构成: It is/was +被强调的成分+ that/who +其它成分，本句中被强调的是副词then，它在原句中作状语，原句为：Then I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.故选A项。
4．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到我下公交车我才意识到我的钱包被偷了。A. where哪里；B. when什么时候；C. that那；那个；D. before在……之前。分析句子结构及句意，可知此处为强调句型，即It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他的结构，此处强调时间状语not until I got off the bus，应用that。故选C项。
5．D
【详解】考查强调句和时态。句意：正是在第五单元，我们对自然界的生命有了更多的了解。强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对地点状语in Unit5进行强调，结合“got”可知，使用一般过去时。故选D。
6．D
【详解】考查强调句型和名词性从句。句意：什么使Peter成了现在的样子？分析结构可知，此句是强调句型的特殊问句，结构为“疑问代词+ is/was+it+that/who+其他部分”，第一空用疑问代词what，在句中作主语，第二空是强调句型中的that，第三空Peter后面的句子缺少表语，that不作成分，应该用what，故选D。
7．B
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：就是在汤姆等他女朋友和他一起看电影的那个寒冷冬夜，事故发生了。分析句子可知，第一空处引导定语从句，修饰night，关系词代替先行词night在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when；第二空处考查强调句，因为去掉It was和设空处，依然是个完整的句子，强调句结构为It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that（强调人时可用who），本句强调的是时间状语on a cold winter night，故用that。故选B项。
8．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：重要的是做这项工作的能力，而不是你来自哪里，是干什么的。分析句子结构可知这是一个强调句结构，由that 或who 引导从句，故选C项。
9．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：他回家后，我们才知道发生了什么事。句子是强调句，结构为：It was+ 被强调部分+ that+其他，此处被强调部分是时间状语when he came back home。故选B。
10．D
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：他在他的朋友工作的这家工厂里学到了许多的经验。分析句子结构可知，第一空处考查定语从句，先行词为the factory，在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where；第二空处使用了强调结构It is/was+强调部分+that+剩余部分，本句强调部分为地点状语，故选D项。
11．D
【详解】考查同位语从句和it强调句。句意：许多科学家赞同人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。名词view意为“观点”，其后从句是对view作解释说明，所以是同位语从句，从句成分完整，应用从属连词that引导。去掉it is和第二个空格后从句完整，所以此处为it强调句，即“it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分”，所以第二个空格处应用that。故选D。
12．C
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：比尔篮球打得很好，是他帮助盲人过了马路吗? 强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that…，其中如果强调部分指人，也可用who代替that；句中Bill是先行词，指人，后面的非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以who引导定语从句，第二空填who；该句是强调句型的一般疑问句，强调句子主语Bill，所以第一空填it，第三空填that/who。故选C。
13．C
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我开始工作，我才意识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。本句为强调句，其结构为It is/was +强调部分+ that从句，强调not ... until ...引导的时间状语从句，所以构成It is/was not until ... that ...结构。在此强调句结构，否定词not until不在句首，所以主句不需要倒装。故选C。
14．C
【详解】考查强调句和同位语从句。句意：听到走失的儿子马上就能回家的消息，他满心欢喜。分析句子结构可知，“it is+被强调部分+that+其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，第一个空格处对伴随状语“with great joy”进行强调，故应使用that；结合语境可知，第二个空格后从句部分解释说明news的具体内容，为同位语，且从句中成分和意义完整，应用that引导。综上，故选C。
15．D
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：是在2018年，还在上中学的他成为了电脑专家吗?该句是强调句型，强调时间状语in 2018，第二空填that；2018作先行词，在后面的定语从句he was still at middle school中作时间状语，所以定语从句由关系副词when引导。 故选D。
16．A
【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：他在德国接受了他的第一次教育。强调句句型是：it be+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，此句是强调句，in Germany是被强调部分，应用that，故选A。
17．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：达尔文在加拉帕戈斯群岛看到了各种各样的新物种，但他最感兴趣的是鸟类。去掉it was和空处，剩下的部分可以构成完整的句子，可知为强调句“It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分”，被强调部分为the birds，应用that。故选B。
18．B
【详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：——看，他拉长着脸。——也许是我们惹恼了他。A. straight face绷着脸；B. long face拉长脸，不高兴；C. poker face毫无表情的脸；D. blank face没表情的脸。根据句意可知，也许是我们惹恼了他，由此可知，他是拉长着脸，不高兴了，“long face”意为“拉长脸，不高兴”，符合语境。故选B项。
19．C
【详解】考查强调句和固定句型。句意：直到他被送进医院急救室，他才意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。分析句子，表示“直到……才”用not...until；句中的unaware of意为“未意识到”表示否定，故此处用until；同时第二空与句首it was构成强调句结构即it was+强调部分+that+句子，意为“就是……”，符合句意，故选C。
20．D
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：就是在二楼的会议室里，他丢了他上星期买的字典。第一空，强调句型的基本句型是：It is/was +被强调部分+that +句子其他成分，此处对地点状语进行强调，空处需填 that；第二空，空处引导定语从句，先行词dictionary，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that, which 引导或不填。故选D。
21．A
【详解】考查强调句。句意：今天早上直到10点他才起床。去掉it was和设空处句子依然完整，由此可知，此处考查强调句型：it be+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他，此处对时间状语进行强调，应用that。故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是在平凡事物的现实中，他看到了美和潜力。强调句型：It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；分析句子可知，本句使用了强调句型，强调的是原句中地点状语“within the reality of ordinary things”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故选C项。
23．B
【详解】考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：我们想知道的是他是如何解出这道数学题的。分析句子可知，It was…that构成强调句型，know后缺少宾语，结合句意，此处表示“想知道他是如何解出这道数学题的”，用how引导宾语从句。句子中被强调的部分是宾语从句。故选B项。
24．B
【详解】考查强调句和副词词义辨析。句意：从那时起Khloe开始客观地思考，并对自己的生活做出明智的选择。第一空是强调句型，即it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，将it is/was...that/who去掉后，句子是完整句子，此处强调时间from then on，应用that；第二空考查副词，intimately熟悉地；objectively客观地；constantly持续不断地；instantly立刻；马上。根据下文“make informed choices about her life.”可知，此处表示客观地思考，故选B。
25．B
【详解】考查强调句。句意：会不会是在她生日那天，她父母把这台电脑作为礼物送给她的？分析句子，句中it could have been+强调部分+that为强调句结构，对on her birthday进行强调。故选B。
26．C
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意： 是在她昨天购物的超市她偶遇了她的偶像。 分析句子可知，空一引导定语从句，修饰the supermarket，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where；空二引导强调句型，强调地点状语in the supermarket ,强调句的基本结构是：it is/was + 被强调部分+that +句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that， 空二填that，故选 C。
【点睛】
27．C
【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意：表情符号最早出现在日本是在1999年，它帮助人们表达情感。分析句子可知，“emojis were first introduced in Japan in 1999”是完整的句子，故主句是强调句型，空格一填that，空格二引导定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
【点睛】
28．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：当我试图理解是什么阻碍了如此多的美国人像人们所期望的那样快乐时，在我看来有两个原因。分析句子结构，此句为动词understand后接宾语从句，从句动词prevents缺主语，用连词代词what引导。因句子宾语从句里面包含一个强调句的疑问句型：特殊疑问词+is/was it that，又宾语从句需用陈述句语序，故is/was应置于it之后。综上，故选A项。
29．A
【详解】考查强调句以及状语从句的引导词。句意：当我遇到我最好的朋友时，我才意识到我把书忘在家里了，我们本来打算今天一起完成的。分析可知，主句为强调句，其结构为It+is/was+被强调成份+that/who+其他。结合句意，被强调部分“_______ I came across my best friend ”为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故第一空为when；第二空为强调句引导词that。故选A。
30．D
【详解】考查定语从句，强调句。句意：是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知，第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句，先行词为time，从句中缺少宾语，因此需要使用关系代词which，根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知，第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调，因此需要使用that。故选D。
31．It is because you regard every failure as an inspiration that you have made such great progress.
【详解】考查强调句型结构、原因状语从句、短语、名词、副词和时态。分析句子可知，强调句型结构是“It is ...that ...”，强调句子的原因状语；原因状语从句表示直接原因用because 引导；表示“把……看做”短语为“regard...as ”；表示“取得巨大的进步”短语为“make great progress”，progress为不可数名词；表示“激励”应用名词“inspiration”；表示“失利”应用“failure”；表示“如此”应用“such”，修饰形容词great；根据句意，主句应用现在完成时，从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为It is because you regard every failure as an inspiration that you have made such great progress。
32．It was because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching that Helen had the world of words opened up to her.
【详解】考查强调句和状语从句。此处为强调句句型“it be+被强调部分+that+…”，被强调部分表示“因为Anne的简单而直接的教学”翻译为because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching；主句表示“Helen 打开了词汇世界的大门”翻译为Helen had the world of words opened up to her。句子用一般过去时。故翻译为It was because of Anne’s simple and straightforward teaching that Helen had the world of words opened up to her.
33．It is because of being compared to the Mother Road of America that Route 66 has gained popularity over recent years.
【详解】考查时态和强调句结构。根据句意，句子可用强调句句型“It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，because of (因为)，be compared to (被比作)，其中被强调部分“因为被比作‘美国的母亲之路’”，译为because of being compared to the Mother Road of America，被强调部分为原句状语，其他部分“近几年66号公路越来越受欢迎”，“近几年”译为over recent years，作时间状语置于句末，句子应用现在完成时，主语“66号公路”译为Route 66，“越来越受欢迎”译为gain popularity，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式has gained。故翻译为It is because of being compared to the Mother Road of America that Route 66 has gained popularity over recent years.
34．It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.
【详解】考查强调句。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。强调句句型为：it is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其他部分。本句强调主语部分“她的能力”，表示“是她的能力”为it was her ability；强调部分是事物，故用that引导后文；表示“让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出”为made her stand out from all the participants，make sb. do sth.是固定用法，不带to不定式作宾补，介词短语from all the participants作状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.
35．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
【详解】考查强调句和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“正是”应用强调句型It was......that......；表示主语“这项研究”应用this research；表示谓语“启发了”应用动词的一般过去时形式inspired；表示宾语““六度分隔”这一说法”应用the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”。故翻译为It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
36．It was not until I talked to him that he noticed me.
【详解】考查强调句结构。句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，“直到……才……”使用固定短语not ...until…，且结合句意，句子应用强调句结构“It was not until … that…”，“直到我和他讲话”译为until I talked to him，连同not作被强调部分，that后接其余部分，“他才注意到我”译为he didn’t notice me，其中not被提前至被强调部分，剩余部分为he noticed me。故翻译为It was not until I talked to him that he noticed me.
37．Dad does love you. He is just not good at showing/expressing concern about/over/for you.
【详解】考查强调和时态。讲述事实，时态用一般现在时，“爸爸的确是爱你的”用强调谓语结构，主语Dad，用助动词does+love (爱)表强调，be good at doing sth. (擅长做某事)，show/express concern about/over/for sb. (对某人表示关心)，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Dad does love you. He is just not good at showing/expressing concern about/over/for you.
38．It is the doctors’ devotion to the patients that makes the miracle happen.
【详解】考查强调句型。“奉献”使用不可数名词devotion作主语，常和介词to搭配表示“对……的奉献”，“让”使用动词make，make sb/sth do sth让……做某事，“奇迹”使用名词miracle，“发生”使用动词happen，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，本句使用强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that/who+其他”，强调主语，后面用that，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It is the doctors’ devotion to the patients that makes the miracle happen.。
39．It was her performance that cheered the patients up.
【详解】考查强调句型，时态和短语。分析句子可知，本句使用强调句型结构：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”。强调主语，所以把主语her performance放在被强调的位置。“让……高兴起来”为短语cheer sb. up，“病人”为the patients，描述为过去所发生的事情，所以时态为一般过去时。故翻译为It was her performance that cheered the patients up。
40．It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.
【详解】考查强调句型。分析语境，可知描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，强烈的责任感让我完成这个工作，译为“A strong sense of responsibility made me finish the work”，用强调句型It was...that...，强调主语，应变为It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.，故翻译为It was a strong sense of responsibility that made me finish the work.。
41．It was the experience of being brought forward to read poems that helped me learn by heart various long passages.
【详解】考查强调句型和固定短语。根据提示词it和分析汉语可知，该句应使用强调句型，it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，如果强调内容为物，用that，如果强调内容为人，用that/who，此处强调的是句子主语，指物，应用that。“这段经历”应为the experience作主语的核心词，“被请上台的”作定语修饰the experience，应为of being brought forward，“读诗歌”作目的状语应为to read poems，所以主语部分翻译为the experience of being brought forward to read poems；表示“帮助某人做某事”应为help sb. (to) do sth.在句中作谓语部分；根据提示heart可知“熟记”为learn sth. by heart其中宾语sth.可以置于heart之后，“各种”译为various，修饰名词时，名词用复数，所以“各种长文”译为various long passages在句中作learn的宾语；结合句意可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态，谓语和宾语部分翻译为helped me learn by heart various long passages，最后将主语、谓语和宾语置于强调句型it was…that…之中。故翻译为It was the experience of being brought forward to read poems that helped me learn by heart various long passages.。
42．It was not until I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi that I realised the importance of reform and opening up.
【详解】考查强调句。“直到……才”用not...until表示，结合题干要求，需用not...until的强调句形式，即it is/was not until +被强调的部分+that+其他。此处描述过去的事情，故be动词用was，被强调的部分是“我读了《海国图志》”表示为I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi，“意识到”用动词realise表示，“改革开放”表示为reform and opening up，“……的重要性”表示为the importance of。故译为It was not until I read the book Haiguo Tuzhi that I realised the importance of reform and opening up。
43．It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
【详解】考查名词、强调句以及时态。表示“陪伴”应用名词company；表示“使某人度过”应用短语help sb. through sth.。根据题目要求，此处应用强调句型，即It is/was +被强调部分+that+其它。根据句意可知，本句应用一般过去时态。故翻译为：It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
44．It was not until he got to the airport that he realized he did not have the passport with him.
【详解】考查强调句型、动词短语、宾语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词it可知，该句为It is…that…的强调句型，结合句意以及句子结构可知，应为not…until的强调句型结构，为it is/was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+主句。在该句型中，表示“到了机场”为动词短语got to the airport；表示“意识到”为动词realized，后接省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句，表示“他没有带护照”可译为：he did not have the passport with him。结合句意可知，该句应为一般过去时。故翻译为：It was not until he got to the airport that he realized he did not have the passport with him。
45．It was not until the global health crisis hit that we began to reflect on the things which really matter to ourselves and not to take what we have for granted.
【详解】考查强调句，动词，固定搭配和宾语从句。根据句意，整句话表述过去事实，应该使用一般过去时。表示“直到……才”应该用not...until，表示“直到全球健康危机来袭”应该使用强调句结构it was not until the global health crisis hit that...；表示“开始反思”，应该用began to reflect on the things；表示“对自己重要的事情”应该使用which引导的定语从句即which really matter to ourselves；表示“认为……是理所应当的”，应该使用固定搭配take sth for granted；表示“认为自己所拥有的是理所当然的”，应该使用what引导的宾语从句即take what we have for granted。故翻译为It was not until the global health crisis hit that we began to reflect on the things which really matter to ourselves and not to take what we have for granted。
46．It is the hutongs that make a deep impression on people as they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past.
【详解】考查时态、强调句和原因状语从句。强调句用“It is+被强调部分+that+从句”来表示；表示“胡同”用the hutongs；表示“给人留下深刻印象”用make a deep impression on people；用as来引导原因状语从句；表示“他们为游客提供一个了解北京过去的罕见视角”用they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past，全句陈述客观事实用一般现在时。故填It is the hutongs that make a deep impression on people as they offer visitors a rare view to know Beijing’s past。
课后巩固提高
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
47．He likes to give the ________ (印象) that he’s terribly popular and has lots of friends. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．Having lived in American for many years, many Chinese Americans still ________(庆祝) the Chinese traditional customs. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
49．Much to my _________ (宽慰，轻松), the car was not damaged. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50．The idea “Yincaishijiao” means creating an education tailored to each________(个体). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51．He found himself ________ (包围) by a group of doctors when he came to life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．Our New York _____(分支) is dealing with the matter. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
53．She took the job for _____(各种各样的) reasons. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54．Airplanes ________ (使能够) people to travel great distances rapidly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55．If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time ________ (适合) you best. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56．We should pay attention to the side effects of this drug, ________(变化)from person to person. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wanted the Earth to open and swallow you up? I had that feeling when I was on business in the Netherlands five years ago. I tried to make 57 good impression on my business partner, but I made a fool of 58 (I), instead!
It all went wrong from the moment we 59 (shake) hands. I held out my right hand, but kept my left hand in my pocket. From my business partner’s 60 (react) I could tell that the Dutch find that very rude. I attempted 61 (make) things better, so I said, “What a 62 (beauty) country Holland is!” My business partner wasn’t pleased with my compliment (称赞). He made it very clear 63 they never call the Netherlands Holland. Holland is just one region in the Netherlands.
InKorea, keep your voice down. It’s rude to talk or laugh loudly. Koreans, especially women, cover their mouths when they laugh; it’s rude to show your 64 (tooth)!
In Arab countries, it’s not a good idea to admire something too much; the owner will probably give it to you 65 a present. Just imagine 66 (go) back home with a real live camel !
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has once again proved its 67 (able)to change the world with the “four new inventions”: high-speed rail, mobile payment, bike-sharing and e-commerce.
They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation, 68 has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey 69 (make)by the Belt and Road research institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said 70 university student, 71 (add)that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating mode of bike-sharing 72 (base)on the satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has 73 (gradual)entered a new innovative era, thanks to large amounts of capital(资金)China has invested 74 (encourage)innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO representative in China.
75 is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is true of mobiles, where China is leading in many ways, such as the social messaging app WeChat. This is partly because China has skipped over the PC era and gone directly to the mobile era. China has the 76 (large)mobile use in the world.
参考答案：
47．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：他喜欢给人的印象是他非常受欢迎，有很多朋友。该空需要一个名词作宾语，名词impression意为“印象”，符合题意。故填impression。
48．observe/celebrate
【详解】考查动词。句意：在美国生活多年，许多华裔美国人仍然庆祝中国的传统习俗。根据“the Chinese traditional customs”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词observe/celebrate，作句子的谓语，且句子在描述一般性的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many Chinese Americans为复数，observe/celebrate保持原形。故填observe/celebrate。
49．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：让我很宽慰的是，汽车没有损坏。“宽慰，轻松”为名词relief，to one’s relief固定搭配，意为“让某人宽慰的是”，故填relief。
50．individual
【详解】考查名词。句意：“因材施教”的意思是为每个人量身定制教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“个体”应为individual，因空前有each修饰，所以此处应使用名词单数形式。故填individual。
51．surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他苏醒过来时，他发现自己被一群医生包围着。find+宾语+宾补，“包围”为动词surround，和himself是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填surrounded。
52．branch
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们纽约分公司正在处理此事。根据“is dealing with the matter”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch，作句子的主语，表示“纽约的分公司”，且谓语动词为is dealing，branch用单数形式。故填branch。
53．various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她因各种原因接受了这份工作。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词。根据汉语提示，表示“各种各样的”含义的形容词为various，故填various。
54．enable
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：飞机使人们能够快速地长途旅行。根据汉语提示“使能够”可知，空格处涉及单词“enable”，意为“使能够”，动词词性，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“Airplanes”为可数名词复数，故空格处应用“enable”的原形。故填enable。
55．suits
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你方便的话，我们八点半在校门外见面吧。如果没有，让我知道你什么时候最合适。分析句子结构可知，本句是what引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少无语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意和所给中文提示词，应是suit意为“适合”，主语是what time为第三人称单数，根据前文可知，用一般现在时。故填suits。
56．varying
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们要注意这种药的副作用，因人而异。根据汉语提示可知应填动词vary，与逻辑主语the side effects 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填varying。
57．a 58．myself 59．shook 60．reaction 61．to make 62．beautiful 63．that 64．teeth 65．as 66．going
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过作者的自身经历说明了不同国家之间的文化差异。
57．考查冠词。句意：我想给我的商业伙伴留下一个好印象，但我却让自己出丑了！表示“留下一个好印象”短语为make a good impression。故填a。
58．考查代词。句意：我想给我的商业伙伴留下一个好印象，但我却让自己出丑了！结合语境可知指“我自己”应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
59．考查时态。句意：从我们握手的那一刻起，一切都变了。根据went可知为一般过去时。故填shook。
60．考查名词。句意：从我的商业伙伴的反应中，我可以看出荷兰人觉得这很粗鲁。作介词的宾语，应用名词reaction，此处指一个反应，应用单数。故填reaction。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：我试图让事情变得更好，所以我说：“Holland是一个多么美丽的国家啊！”短语attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”。故填to make。
62．考查形容词。句意：我试图让事情变得更好，所以我说：“Holland是一个多么美丽的国家啊！”修饰名词country应用形容词beautiful，作定语。故填beautiful。
63．考查固定句型。句意：他说得很清楚，他们从不称荷兰为Holland。此处为句型make it adj. that，it作形式宾语。故填that。
64．考查名词的数。句意：韩国人，尤其是女性，笑的时候会捂着嘴；露出牙齿是不礼貌的！此处tooth表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填teeth。
65．考查介词。句意：在阿拉伯国家，过分欣赏某样东西不是个好主意；店主可能会把它作为礼物送给你。表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，带着一只真正的骆驼回家吧！短语imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。故填going。
67．ability 68．which 69．made 70．a 71．adding 72．is based 73．gradually 74．to encourage 75．It 76．largest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国改变世界的“新四大发明”：高速铁路、电子支付、共享自行车，和在线购物。
67．考查名词。句意：中国通过“新四大发明”——高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和网上购物——再次证明了自己改变世界的能力。分析句子结构并由空前的its可知, 空处作宾语，应用名词形式ability，根据句意用单数。故填ability。
68．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，这与中国的高科技创新有关，科技创新提高了人们的生活质量。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词innovation，为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。故填which。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故make只能用非谓语动词定语，且和逻辑主语survey 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
70．考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包不用了。一名大学生说，他还补充说，“甚至卖煎饼的人也在使用移动支付。”student为可数名词，此处表示泛指一个学生，university首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，add用非谓语动词作状语，主语student与add之间为主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式作状语。故填adding。
72．考查动词时态语态。句意：自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运行模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据和其他高技术。分析句子可知，base是谓语动词，base 和句子主语之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the operating mode of bike-sharing, 表示单数概念，故填is based。
73．考查副词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国逐渐进入一个新的创新时代。修饰动词entered, 故用副词形式作状语，故填gradually。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国逐渐进入一个新的创新时代。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语, 所以填to encourage。
考查固定搭配。句意：她说，在移动领域尤其如此，中国在很多方面都处于领先地位，比如社交通讯应用微信。短语in many ways “在许多方面”介词用in。故填in。
75．考查代词it。句意：越来越明显的是，中国正在创新，不再抄袭西方的理念。分析句子可知，“that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas”是句子真正的主语, 句子主语较长, 为避免句子头重脚轻, 这里需要一个形式主语, 故填It。
76．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国拥有世界上最大的移动设备应用量。根据空前的the以及空后的in the world可知， 空处应用最高级形式，故填largest。
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