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考点14 目的状语、让步状语 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版）
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这是一份考点14 目的状语、让步状语 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了高考重点词汇积累，高考阅读理解长难句分析，汉译英，六选四等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点14 目的状语、让步状语+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.queue n. 行列，长队
2.racial adj. 种族的
3.railway n. 铁路；铁道
4.random adj. 随意的，未经事先考虑的
5.range n. 幅度，范围
vi. (在某范围内)变动
6.react vi. 反应；起化学反应
7.reality n. 现实
8.realize vt. 认识到，实现
9.reasonable adj. 通情达理的，正当的，合理的
10.recognize vt. 认出
11.recommend vt. 推荐，介绍；建议
12.record n. 记录；唱片
13.recover vi. 恢复，痊愈
vt. 重新找到；使康复
14.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
15.recycle v. 再循环，重新利用
16.reduce vt. 减少，缩减
17.referee n. 裁判，仲裁，调解员
18.reference n. 参考，参阅；参考资料，参考书目；提到，论及
19.reflect v. 反映，反射
20.reform v.& n. 改革；改进，改良
21.refresh vt. 更新；使恢复；使清新
vi. 恢复精神
22.refuse vi. 拒绝，不愿
23.register n. 登记簿，花名册
v. 登记，注册
24.regret n.& vt. 懊悔，遗憾；痛惜
25.regular adj. 规则的
重点短语
1.look out 小心
look into 调查
look forward to 盼望
look through 仔细看；浏览
look up to 尊敬
look down upon 瞧不起
look on...as 把……看作
look after 照顾
look for 寻找
look back 回顾；回头看
look up 查阅；抬头
2.make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
common sense 常识
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
61. Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.
【句式翻译】Shay 的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的， 但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有残障的孩子可以打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that都引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句包含一个条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】 sense n.感觉；感官；意义；make sense有意义；有道理；make sense of理解
Can you make sense of what this book says? 你能理解这本书的内容吗?
I’m afraid I haven’t got a very good sense of direction, so I easily get lost.
恐怕我的方向感很差, 因此我容易迷路。
His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight. 他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。
62. In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.
【句式翻译】过去，像我这样不能通过高考而进入大学的人士，是没有机会拿到学位的。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, if引导条件状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】fail v. 失败；使失望
I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 即使要失败十次，我也绝不灰心。
You can always rely on Jim, he won’t fail you. 你可以永远信任吉姆, 他不会让你失望的。
The words fail to convey the meaning. 词不达意。
63. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.
【句式翻译】有些社会科学家建议，西方人应该利用古代中国人的智慧来弥补西方哲学体系当中的不足。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】1）take advantages of 利用；占……的便宜
He’s joining the club in order to take advantage of the others. 他入会是来揩油的。
In spring we usually set the clocks ahead one hour to take advantage of the summer daylight.
春季我们通常把钟拨快一小时以充分利用夏天的白昼。
2）make up for补偿，弥补；make up组成；补足；化妆；编造
Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.
努力工作经常可以弥补能力的不足。
It didn’t take her long to make up.
她很快就化妆好了。
The teacher helped his pupils make up the lessons they had missed.
教师给学生补课。
The imaginative child always likes to make up fairy tales.
充满想象力的孩子喜欢编造神话故事。
Five doctors and two nurses make up a medical team.
五位医生和两位护士组成一个医疗队。
【语法点拨】宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可以归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should + 动词原形”构成，其中的should常可以省略。如：
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.
老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people heart and soul.
党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”；suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.
汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.
他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
64. If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?
【句式翻译】如果美国运动员玛丽昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？
【句式分析】本句是复合句，if引导状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】make it及时到达；成功；约定时间。具体用法参见第45句。
65. Their money would be wasted if the message didn’t reach its target audience, in other words the people the advertisement intends to persuade.
【句式翻译】如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, if引导条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气，the advertisement intends …是定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
【词语点拨】1）in other words换句话说
Joe doesn’t like work -- in other words, he’s lazy!
乔不爱劳动―换句话说，他懒惰!
2) persuade vt.说服；劝说；固定短语：persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事。persuade意为“说服”，指劝说成功；advise意为“劝说”，不一定成功。
Mrs Green persuaded her husband to go to see the doctor.
格林太太说服丈夫去看病。
Nobody can persuade Linda to change her mind once it is made up.
一旦琳达下定决心就没有人可以说服她改变主意。
We advised the villagers to move immediately to a safe place，but they were not persuaded.
我们劝村民立即转移到安全的地方，但是没说服他们。
3) intend vt. 计划；打算
①intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事……
Nowadays more and more young men intend to study/studying abroad.
现在越来越多的年轻人打算出国留学。
②intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
I intend Tom to go the concert with me.
我打算让汤姆跟我一块去听音乐会。
③intend sth或intend+从句“打算，想”
You misunderstood George. He intended no harm.
你误会乔治了，他没有恶意。
Mr. Black intended that his son should take over the business.
布莱克先生打算让他的儿子接管生意。
④be intended for……是用来，为……设计/准备
This English newspaper is intended for the middle school student.
这份英语报纸是给中学生用的。
⑤be intended as/to be 打算作为……之用
The book was intended as a pleasant surprise for her sister but was lost in the mail. 这本书原本是作为惊喜送给她姐姐的，但是邮寄丢了
二、目的状语、让步状语从句主要用法
1．目的状语短语和目的状语从句
目的状语可以由in order(not)to、so as(not)to等不定式短语构成。
例：The teacher explained the rules several times in order to／so as to make the students fully understand．
老师反复解释了这些规则，就是为了让学生们充分地理解。
Before he turned in his composition．he checked it again so as to make as few mistakes as possible．
把作文交上去之前他又检查了一遍，目的是尽量减少错误。
目的状语从句可以由so that、in order that等连接短语引导，且从句中的谓语部分一般含有情态动词can／could、may／might、will／would、shall／should等。
例：The secretary adjusted the manager’s agenda in order that he could attend the economic forum．
秘书调整了经理的日程安排，使他能够出席这次经济论坛。
【注意】目的状语短语和从句可以置于句首。
例：In order to save paper，the secretary printed on both sides of the paper．
为了节约纸张，秘书在纸的正反面都打印。
In order that he might hear more clearly，he seated himself in the first row．
为了听得更清楚些，他坐在了第一排。
for fear that （生怕）, in case（万一）与lest(以免）也可以用来引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语部分常用一般现在时或一般过去时，但不用将来时。
例：They have made a careful plan in case something unexpected happens．
他们制定了一个周密的计划，以防备可能发生的意外。
2．让步状语短语和让步状语从句
让步状语可以由despite和in spite of构成。
例：Despite the heavy traffic jam on Monday morning，he got to the office on time．
尽管周一早晨的交通非常拥挤，他还是准时到达了办公室。
The old man cannot see very well in spite of the spectacles．
尽管戴着眼镜，老人还是看不太清楚。
【注意】despite和in spite of后面跟名词或名词短语。
例：Despite /In spite of all the evidence，he still refused to confess his mistakes．
尽管证据确凿，他还是拒绝承认错误。
引导状语从句的连词有although、though、even though等，意为“虽然；尽管”，表示在从句情况存在的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。
例：Although it was very hot，the builders kept working on the sites．
虽然天气酷热，建筑工人们还是坚持在工地上工作。
The scientist kept experimenting with the new drug even though he had failed three
times.
尽管已经失败了三次，这个科学家仍然坚持试验这种新药。
【拓展】
(1)as／though倒装结构表示让步意义，相当于although／though引导的从句。(难点）
例：Difficult as／though the problem was(=Although／Though the problem was difficult)，Tom managed to work it out． 尽管这道题目很难，汤姆还是做了出来。
(2)while引导的让步状语从句常置于句首。
例：While I admit that he is not perfect，l do actually like the person．
尽管我承认他非完美，但我的确非常喜欢这个人。
(3)whatever、whoever、wherever和however等词引导的让步状语从句，相当于“no matter +wh-疑问词”，常译为“无论……”。
例：He always thinks of his motherland wherever he travels(=no matter where he travels)．
无论走到哪儿，他都心系祖国。
(4)whether…or…引导的让步状语从句，常译为”无论…还是…”
例：whether we win or lose，we will spare no effort．无论成败，我们都会不遗余力。
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.
A．for B．so that C．because D．in order
2．Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ______ all the class may hear.
A．so, that B．or C．in order that D．and
3．Lift it up______I may see it.
A．though B．so that C．as D．than
4．We should learn more information technology ________ we can improve our teaching efficiency.
A．so that B．in case C．now that D．even if
5．________ I’m willing to help, I don’t have much time available.
A．If B．Because C．Until D．While
6．________ people have been used to the single-use plastic bags, it is unavoidable to throw away this consumption habit to help protect the environment.
A．Because B．Unless C．Even though D．So that
7．_________ his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.
A．Successful as B．Although successful
C．Despite success D．Regardless of success
8．________ the Internet is of great help both to our studies and life, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it every day.
A．When B．While C．Since D．Once
9．_____there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty．
A．Since B．While C．When D．However
10．They raised money ______ the homeless children can have a shelter.
A．in case B．in order to C．in order that D．now that
11．Come a little bit closer________you could get a better view.
A．in case B．because of C．by means of D．so that
12．My parents always save some money in store something unexpected happens.
A．even if B．when C．in case D．so that
13．______ serious a problem you may have, you should show your courage to face the challenge.
A．Whatever B．Wherever C．However D．Whenever
14．________ our new product hasn’t been accepted by the public, I think its potential market is large.
A．While B．Unless C．Once D．Before
15．The two collectors have determined to buy the precious Egyptian vase, _______.
A．however much it costs B．no matter how it costs
C．however much does it cost D．no matter how much does it cost
16．________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A．However life is difficult B．However is life difficult
C．However difficult life is D．However difficult is life
17．Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history ______ he can give you the accurate treatment.
A．even if B．so that C．in case D．as though
18．Of these candidates ________ you opt for, you will have a right assistant.
A．who B．that C．whichever D．whoever
19．________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A．Since B．Even though C．As if D．In case
20．________ food delivery services bring convenience, they let students form some lazy habits.
A．As B．While C．If D．Whatever
21．No matter how frequently ________ in the Louvre in Paris, the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso always attract a large number of audience.
A．display B．displayed C．displays D．are displayed
22．Most children will “obey” spoken instructions before they can speak in language learning, ________ the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the delighted cooperation.
A．as B．because C．though D．when
23．Let us sacrifice our today ______ our children can have a better tomorrow.
A．so that B．in case C．even if D．now that
24．________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．However B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Whenever
25．_________ we eat for breakfast has a great effect on our health, many students skip breakfast for various reasons.
A．Though B．In spite of that C．Despite what D．Although what
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
26．What we should remember is that our ______(义务) is to serve the people heart and soul(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．Low-fat foods are________(理想的) for people who are watching their waistline. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
28．The first time I met him on ___________ (校园), he made himself known to me. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
29．As a group, we place________ (强调) on teamwork, mutual trust and respect.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
30．Water ______(存在) in three forms: solid, liquid and gas. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
31．As a child I was ________ (围绕) by love and kindness. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
32．Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know his thinking and________(性格). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
33．The company is very large and it has more than 100 ________(分公司) all over the world. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
34．In the end we found the perfect carpet with ________(图案) that we both liked. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
35．There are differences in the choices of books between the ________(性别).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
36．Recent technology has ________ (使能够) the development of cheaper digital radios. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
37．I was quite anxious when breaking the vase by accident. To my ________ (宽慰、轻松), my mother didn’t scold me but forgave my mistake. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
38．When he woke up, he found himself ________(包围) by a good many students. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
39．Such a blood pressure is ______ (正常的) for a person of his age. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
40．As the saying goes, success is not ever that of an ________(个人), but always that of a collective. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查连词和固定短语辨析。句意：老师提高他的音量以便所有的学生们能听到他。A. for因为；B. so that以便；C. because因为；D. in order整齐。分析句子结构，设空处应用连词。结合句意，句中缺乏“以便，因此”，引导目的状语从句。故选B项。
2．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：请大声回答问题，以便全班都能听到。A. so, that如此……以至于……；B. or或者；C. in order that为了；D. and并且。根据下文“all the class may hear”可知，此处表示“以便全班都能听到”，引导目的状语从句，所以用in order that。故选C。
3．B
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：把它举起来，以便我能看见。根据句意，“把它举起来”的目的是“让我能看见”，所以用so that（以便）引导目的状语从句，故选B。
4．A
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我们应该学习更多的信息技术，这样我们才能提高教学效率。A. so that 以便；为的是；B. in case 以防；C. now that既然； D. even if即使；纵然。分析可知，学习更多的信息技术的目的是提高效率，所以空白处填so that，符合题意，故选A。
5．D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。A.If如果；B.Because因为； C.Until直到； D.While虽然。由句意可知，前后为让步关系，所以空处应用表示让步的从属连词引导让步状语从句，While引导让步状语从句，故选D项。
6．C
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的。A. Because因为；B. Unless除非；C. Even though尽管；D. So that以便于。根据“people have been used to the single-use plastic bags”和“it is unavoidable to throw away this consumption habit”可知，句子表示“尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的”，空格处意为“尽管”，是even though，引导让步状语从句，故选C。
7．A
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的上一张专辑很成功，但目前还没有推出任何后续专辑的计划。despite和regardless of分别是介词和介词短语，后面不能接句子，排除C项和D项；although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，排除B项；as引导让步状语从句时，可以将表语前置，形成部分倒装。故选A。
8．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然互联网有很大帮助，但是我不认为每天花太多时间在上面是一个好主意。A. When当……时；B. While然而；C. Since自从；D. Once一旦。根据句意可知，前后句意存在让步关系，应用while引导让步状语从句。故选B。
9．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管没有确凿的证据表明，但是大多数人都认为他有罪。A. Since因为、自从；B. While虽然……但是……，多放于句首；C. When当……时候；D. However然而（副词）。此处引导让步状语从句， While符合句意。故选B。
10．C
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们筹集资金以便无家可归的孩子们能有一个庇护所。A. in case以防；B. in order to为了；C. in order that为了，以便；D. now that既然。分析句子可知，句子为目的状语从句，“in order that”意为“为了，以便”，引导从句，符合句意，“in order to”意为“为了”，后面不接句子，故空格处应填“in order that”。故选C项。
11．D
【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：再靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。A. in case万一；B. because of因为；C. by means of用，依靠；D. so that以便。根据句意可知，“you could get a better view”表示“目的”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D项。
12．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我父母总是存一些钱以备不时之需。A. even if即使；B. when当……时候；C. in case以防；D. so that以便。引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”应用in case。故选C。
13．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该表现出面对挑战的勇气。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Wherever无论哪里；C. However无论多么；D. Whenever无论何时。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”应用however，修饰形容词serious。故选C。
14．A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们的新产品还没有被大众所接受，但我认为它的潜在市场是很大的。A. While虽然；B. Unless除非；C. Once一旦；D. Before在……之前。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while。故选A。
15．A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：两位收藏家决定买下这件珍贵的埃及花瓶，不管花多少钱。分析句子可知，however/no matter how引导让步状语从句，后紧跟形容词或副词，所以B项不对。后跟状语从句，不需倒装，所以C，D项不对，故选A项。
16．C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知，该句为However引导的让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”，结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。
17．B
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：告诉你的医生详细的病史，这样他才能给你准确的治疗。A. even if即使，虽然；B. so that以便，为了：C. in case万一，假使；D. as though好像。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填连接词so that，引导目的状语从句，把既往病史告诉医生的目的是医生可以做成准确的治疗。故选B项。
18．D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在这些候选人中，无论你选择谁，你都会有一个合适的助手。分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，逗号前为让步状语从句；代指“选手中的任何一个”且充当从句宾语，此处需用whoever。故选D项。
19．B
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园很远，但每年都有很多游客来参观。A. Since自从，因为；B. Even though尽管，虽然；C. As if仿佛，好像；D. In case以防。结合连词的意思可知，选择even though引导让步状语从句，合乎句意的需要，故选B项。
20．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然外卖服务带来了方便，但也让学生养成了一些懒惰的习惯。A. As当……时；B. While虽然，尽管；C. If如果；D. Whatever无论什么。根据句意分析句子可知，逗号前的部分是让步状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，且意义为“虽然，尽管”；as虽然可以引导让步状语从句，但是从句必须倒装，所以排除A项。故选B项。
21．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句的省略。句意：无论巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作在巴黎卢浮宫多么频繁地展出，它们总能吸引大批观众。A. display展示；B. displayed展示；C. displays展示；D. are displayed被展示。在让步，时间等状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be省略，即从句原句为：No matter how frequently (the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso are) displayed in the Louvre in Paris可知，此处省略从句的主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故选B。
22．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：在学习语言之前，大多数孩子会“服从”口头指示，尽管“服从”一词很难准确地描述愉快的合作。A. as随着；B. because因为；C. though尽管；D. when当……时候。分析句子，前后两句构成让步关系，引导状语从句，表示“尽管”用though。故选C。
23．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们牺牲我们的今天，让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天。A.so that以便为了；B.in case以防、以免；C.even if即使；D.now that既然。根据后句“our children can have a better tomorrow(让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天)”可知，是为了孩子有一个更好的明天。so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
24．A
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(＝no matter how)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故选A。
25．D
【详解】考查从句。句意：尽管我们早晨吃的东西对我们的健康有很大的影响，许多学生仍然会因为各种原因不吃早晨。分析句子结构和意思可知，逗号前后分句上下文是转折的关系，所以用连词although引导让步状语从句；在让步状语从句中，we eat for breakfast是主语从句，缺少动词eat的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。
26．duty
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该记住的是，我们的义务是全心全意为人民服务。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填名词duty“义务”作主语，根据句意用单数，故填duty。
27．ideal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：低脂食品对于那些关注自己腰围的人来说是理想的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“理想的”对应的形容词ideal，作表语。故填ideal。
28．campus
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在校园里第一次见到他时，他向我介绍了自己。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示“校园”含义的名词为campus，短语on campus在校园、在校内，故填campus。
29．emphasis
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个团队，我们强调团队合作，相互信任和尊重。空格处用名词作宾语，“强调”的名词是emphasis，place emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调”。故填emphasis。
30．exists
【详解】考查动词。句意：水以三种形式存在：固体、液体和气体。根据“in three forms”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词exist，作句子的谓语，句子在描述客观真理，时态应用一般现在时，主语Water为不可数名词，exist需用第三人称单数形式exists。故填exists。
31．surrounded
【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个孩子，我被爱和善良所包围。根据汉语提示可知，surround“围绕”，动词，主语I和动词surround是被动关系，所以句子是一般过去时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词。故填surrounded。
32．personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过一个人的笔迹，人们可以了解他的思想和性格。根据汉语提示可知，作宾语，应用名词personality，故填personality。
33．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司非常大，在世界各地有100多个分公司。根据“The company is very large”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch作has的宾语，且空前有more than 100，意为“100多个”，branch需用复数形式branches。故填branches。
34．patterns
【详解】考查名词。句意：最后，我们找到了我们都喜欢的带有图案的完美地毯。“图案”为名词pattern，作宾语，为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填patterns。
35．genders
【详解】考查名词。句意：不同性别对书籍的选择不同。根据汉语提示“性别”和常识以及上文between the可知，此处可用名词gender的复数形式作宾语。故填genders。
36．enabled
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：最近的技术使更便宜的数字收音机得以发展。根据汉语提示“使能够”可知，空格处涉及单词“enable”，意为“使能够”，动词词性，根据句意和句中“has”可知，句子为现在完成时，空格处应用“enable”的过去分词“enabled”。故填enabled。
37．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：不小心打碎了花瓶，我很着急。让我松了一口气的是，我母亲没有责备我，而是原谅了我的错误。根据词义“宽慰、轻松”可知，使用名词relief，它在句子中作宾语，它无需变复数，故填relief。
38．surrounded
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他醒来时，发现自己被一些医生围着。“包围”表达为动词surround，该处为“find+宾语（himself）+宾语补足语”，himself承受surround的动作，空格处应填入surround的过去分词。故填surrounded。
39．normal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这样的血压对于他这个年龄的人来说是正常的。设空处在句中作表语，形容词normal“正常的”符合句意。故填normal。
40．individual
【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，成功永远不是个人的，而是集体的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。表示“个人”且根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填入名词individual，意为“个人；个体”。故填individual。
课后巩固提高
三、汉译英（整句）
41．屠呦呦因其在中国科学的困难时期做一名科学家的勇气而闻名。(汉译英)
42．我们的责任是尽一切挽救痛苦的伤员和生命的死亡。(汉译英)
43．虽然他有点固执，我们还是说服他接受我们的援助，最后我们成功地走出了丛林。(persuade)(汉译英)
44．无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。(whichever, appeal) (汉译英)
45．虽然努力不一定成功，但在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富。(secure) (汉译英)
46．虽然这些图标的形状不同，但是它们的大小和颜色很相似。(while)(汉译英)
47．不管我们做了什么，他们都会支持我们。（stand by）（汉译英）
48．许多孩子认为父母的爱是理所当然的，认为无论他们做什么都会被原谅。（take…for granted，forgive）(汉译英)
49．无论采取何种方式来保护它，这个濒危物种很可能在不远的未来灭绝。(approach) （汉译英）
50．尽管这位艺术家的部分作品饱受争议，在场的艺术评论家们全体起立，并为他毕生推广印象派艺术作品鼓掌致敬。(as) （汉译英）
四、六选四
Chocolate Is Beneficial in Some Cases
Mental arithmetic became easier after volunteers had been given large amounts of compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), in a hot cocoa drink. They were also less likely to feel tired or mentally drained, the findings, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Brighton show.
Prof David Kennedy, director of the brain, performance and nutrition research centre at North-umbria University, and a co-author of the study, said that chocolate could be beneficial for mentally challenging tasks.
51 “For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. The flavanols, part of a group of chemicals called polyphenols (多酚), work by increasing the flow of blood into the brain.
For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. 52 . However, the same was not true when the group was asked to count backwards in groups of seven, which the researchers described as more complex task, requiring a slightly different part of the brain.
The findings also show that the volunteers did not get as tired doing the calculations if they had been given the cocoa drink, despite being asked to do them over and over for an hour. The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. 53 .
Emma Wightman, one of the study’s lead researchers, said: “You can get bars of chocolate that have 100 mg of flavnoal, and we are also going to look at the effect of lower doses of flavanol on the brain.”
Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing. 54 .
A．Volunteers’ performance definitely improved after drinking a lot of cocoa.
B．The findings show that they could do the calculations more quickly and more accurately after they had been given the drink.
C．The more fruit and vegetables and things that are high in polyphenols the better that is for your brain in the long run.
D．Although the amount was too great to be found naturally in the diet, researchers said people should ensure they have lots of flavanols, also found in fruit and vegetables, on a regular basis.
E．Both higher and lower doses of chocolate will increase brain power.
F．The findings suggest students who overeat chocolate when revising for exams may gain a real benefit from doing so.
Pioneers of the Pacific
No one is sure how they did it or even why they did it, but over 3,000 years ago people sailed into the enormous emptiness of the Pacific Ocean in simple canoes. Within a few centuries, these people now known as the Lapita— had migrated from Papua New Guinea to the island of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles to the east. 55 And they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.
56 Although their voyage began in the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language came from Taiwan, and their style of pottery decoration probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. So who were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?
Now, archaeologists Matthew Spriggs and Stuart Bedford of the Australian National University are working to answer the questions. A Lapita cemetery on the island of fate in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu has revealed information about Lapita customs, and DNA from the ancient bones may help to answer questions about the Lapita people. “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”
57 Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that El Nino, the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped. Climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific arid from lake-bed sediments in the Andes of Sou& America indicate a series of unusually frequent El Nino around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these super El Nino might have carried the Lapita sailors on long, unplanned voyages far over the horizon.
58 Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about.
A．However they arrived on the islands, the Lapita came to stay.
B．But even if the archaeologists can answer these questions, we still won’t know how the Lapita sailed so far east against the trade winds, which normally blow from east to west.
C．Archaeologists have long been wondering about the reason why the Lapita left their home for a brand-new world.
D．They explored millions of square miles of the Pacific.
E．Therefore, the Lapita gave us some new perspective to understand the Pacific.
F．There is much we do not know about the Lapita.
参考答案：
41．Tu Youyou is famous for her courage to be a scientist during the difficult period of Chinese science.
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“因……而闻名”用be famous for，“做一名科学家的勇气”用her courage to be a scientist表达，不定式作her courage的后置定语，“在中国科学的困难时期”用during the difficult period of Chinese science表达，作时间状语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Tu Youyou is famous for her courage to be a scientist during the difficult period of Chinese science.
42．Our duty/responsibility is to do everything possible to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead.
【详解】考查句子结构、名词、不定式作表语及名词短语。结合汉语提示，本句的句式用主系表结构，且表示一般性动作，所以时态用一般现在时。表示“我们的责任”用our duty/responsibility，作句子的主语，为单数含义，所以系动词用is；表示“尽一切（可能）”用不定式to do everything possible，作表语；表示“挽救痛苦的伤员和生命的死亡”用不定式短语to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead，作目的状语。故翻译为：Our duty/responsibility is to do everything possible to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead.
43．Though he was kind of stubborn,we did persuade/convince him to accept our assistance and we managed to walk out of the jungle.
【详解】考查时态，状语从句，固定短语。虽然他有点固执可以用though引导的让步状语从句，有点英文表达为“kind of”，固执的英文表达为“ stubborn”；主句我们还是说服他接受我们的援助，说服某人做某事，英文表达为“persuade/convince sb to do”，最后我们成功地走出了丛林和主句为并列句，用and连接，成功做到某事，英文表达为“manage to do”，走出英文表达为“walk out of ”，根据语境时态用一般过去时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为Though he was kind of stubborn,we did persuade/convince him to accept our assistance and we managed to walk out of the jungle.
44．Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
【详解】考查让步状语从句、there be句型、形容词、名词短语、定语从句、动词短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句可用Whichever and whatever引导的让步状语从句，Whichever and whatever在从句中作动词like的宾语，构成Whichever and whatever you like“无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么”；在主句中，根据句意以及句子结构可知，可以为there be…句型。在该句型中，表示“奇妙无比的”为形容词incredible；表示“主题公园”为theme park；其中表示“让你流连忘返”可以为that引导的定语从句that will appeal to you，修饰theme park，appeal to意为“对……产生吸引力”。故翻译为：Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you。
45．Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
【详解】考查句子结构及词汇。表示“虽然……但是……”可使用although/though引导让步状语从句；从句部分“努力不一定成功”可使用名词effort做主语，情态动词may not和动词短语result in作谓语，名词success作宾语；主句主语部分“在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神”可使用名词短语the ability to solve problems和the spirit of never giving up并列，作主语，过去分词短语gained in the process作后置定语，谓语部分表示“是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富”可使用系表结构be valuable treasure和定语从句that will secure a lifetime。故翻译为Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
46．While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and colour.
【详解】考查让步状语从句。“虽然”使用while引导让步状语从句，“图标”使用可数名词复数icons作从句主语，“形状不同”译为have different shapes，“它们”使用代词they作主句主语，指代上文icons，“大小和颜色很相似”使用固定短语be of similar size and colour，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，故翻译为：While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and colour.
47．They would stand by us no matter what we’d done.
【详解】考查让步状语从句，时态和固定短语。“不管我们做了什么”用no matter what引导让步状语从句，“我们做了什么”表示在过去的过去完成的动作，用过去完成时；“他们都会支持我们”为主句，结合语境应用过去将来时，“支持”是stand by。结合其他汉语提示，故答案为They would stand by us no matter what we’d done.
48．Many children take their parents’ love for granted, thinking they will always be forgiven whatever they do.
【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，介词，副词，连词，短语和时态。表示“许多孩子”应用名词短语many children；表示“父母的爱”应用名词短语their parents’ love；表示“认为…是理所当然的”应用动词短语take…for granted；表示“认为”应用动词think；表示“他们”应用代词they；表示“做”应用动词do；表示“无论什么”应用连词whatever；表示“都”应用副词always；表示“会”应用情态动词will；表示“被原谅”应用动词forgive的被动结构；“认为无论他们做什么都会被原谅”是“许多孩子认为父母的爱是理所当然的”伴随的动作，是主语many children主动发出的动作，所以think要用现在分词形式，做伴随状语。这句话描述的是现在的事实，所以句子谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为Many children take their parents’ love for granted, thinking they will always be forgiven whatever they do.
49．Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future.
【详解】考查让步状语从句的省略和短语。观察中文句子可知，这是一般现在时的句子。表示“无论采取何种方式”用whatever引导的让步状语从句，the approach to doing sth为固定短语，意思为：……的方法，“保护”译为protect，状语从句部分省略系动词；“这个濒危物种”译为the endangered species，“很可能”译为is likely to；“灭绝”go extinct；“在不远的未来”in the near future。综上所述，句子可以翻译为Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future. 故填Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future.
50．Controversial as some of the artist’s works were, all the art critics present stood up and applauded his lifelong promotion of impressionist art.
【详解】考查形容词、动词短语、名词短语和让步状语从句。表示“饱受争议的”应用形容词controversial；表示“在场的艺术评论家们”短语为all the art critics present；表示“毕生推广的印象派艺术作品”短语为his lifelong promotion of impressionist art；applaud“鼓掌致敬”；根据句意以及提示词as可知本句应使用as引导的让步状语从句，并使用从句中表语提前的句式结构controversial as some of the artist’s works were,故根据句意本句应使用一般过去时，翻译为Controversial as some of the artist’s works were, all the art critics present stood up and applauded his lifelong promotion of impressionist art。
51．F 52．B 53．D 54．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力对人类的大脑和精神状态有益。
51．根据下文““For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. (肯尼迪教授说：“对于那些很难做的事情，可能会在你的工作中出现的精神上要求很高的事情，这会有所帮助。”)”可知，下文告诉我们当我们面对精神上要求很高的事情时，巧克力会对我们有帮助，F项意为“研究结果表明，在复习考试时吃巧克力过量的学生可能会从中获得真正的好处。”选项能够引起下文，复习考试正是一项在精神上要求很高的事情，吃巧克力对学生复习考试有帮助。故选F。
52．根据上文“For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. (在这项研究中，30名志愿者被要求从计算机产生的800到999之间的随机数中，以三人一组倒计数。)”可知，上文介绍了一项研究，B项意为“研究结果表明，给他们喝了饮料后，他们可以更快、更准确地进行计算。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了这项研究的结果，志愿者喝了热巧克力后，可以更快、更准确地进行计算。故选B。
53．根据上文“The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. (研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇。)”可知，上文告诉我们研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇，D项意为“尽管这一数量太多，无法在饮食中自然发现，但研究人员表示，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇，这些黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中。”选项能够承接上文，虽然500毫克黄烷醇数量太多，但研究人员表示，黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇。故选D。
54．根据上文“Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing.” (肯尼迪教授补充道：“你所给的量比饮食中的量要多，但有很多证据表明，一般的量可以防止功能下降之类的事情。”)”可知，上文告诉我们一般量的黄烷醇就可以防止功能下降之类的事情，C项意为“水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，从长远来看，对大脑的好处就越大。”选项能够承接上文，黄烷醇是多酚的一部分，一般量的黄烷醇就会对大脑产生好处，吃水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，对大脑的好处就越大。故选C。
55．D 56．F 57．B 58．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉皮塔人作为探索太平洋的先驱，仍有许多未解之谜需要研究者去做进一步探索。
55．下文“And they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.(并且他们发现了并在几十个人类从未见过的热带岛屿定居下来：瓦努阿图、新克里多尼亚、斐济、萨摩亚)”说明拉皮塔人在太平洋上发现了很多新的岛屿，和D项“他们探索了太平洋数百万平方英里的地方”构成内容上的承接关系，说明了拉皮塔人探索的结果。故选D项。
56．下文“So who were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?(那么谁是拉皮塔人呢？他们是来自于亚洲某个单独的地点，还是来自于几个不同的地方？)”这是研究者对于拉皮塔人存在的疑问，是对F项“对于拉皮塔人，我们还有很多是未知的”的举例说明。故选F项。
57．下文“Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that El Nino, the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped.(澳大利亚国立大学史前史教授阿索尔·安德森认为尼尔诺现象，也就是今天影响太平洋的海水变暖，可能起到了帮助作用)”说明了尼尔诺现象使海水变暖，和B项“长期以来,考古学家一直想知道拉皮塔人为了一个全新的世界离开家园的原因”构成因果关系，是对拉皮塔人离开家园原因的解释说明。故选B项。
58．下文“Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about.(他们的后代已经在这个地区居住了几千年，而且为什么不呢？他们生活在一个我们很多人只能梦想的岛屿天堂)”说明拉皮塔人这个区域定居了几千年，与A项“不管他们怎样来到岛上拉皮塔人都住了下来”构成承接关系，是对拉皮塔人定居内容的顺承。故选A项。
考点14 目的状语、让步状语+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.queue n. 行列，长队
2.racial adj. 种族的
3.railway n. 铁路；铁道
4.random adj. 随意的，未经事先考虑的
5.range n. 幅度，范围
vi. (在某范围内)变动
6.react vi. 反应；起化学反应
7.reality n. 现实
8.realize vt. 认识到，实现
9.reasonable adj. 通情达理的，正当的，合理的
10.recognize vt. 认出
11.recommend vt. 推荐，介绍；建议
12.record n. 记录；唱片
13.recover vi. 恢复，痊愈
vt. 重新找到；使康复
14.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
15.recycle v. 再循环，重新利用
16.reduce vt. 减少，缩减
17.referee n. 裁判，仲裁，调解员
18.reference n. 参考，参阅；参考资料，参考书目；提到，论及
19.reflect v. 反映，反射
20.reform v.& n. 改革；改进，改良
21.refresh vt. 更新；使恢复；使清新
vi. 恢复精神
22.refuse vi. 拒绝，不愿
23.register n. 登记簿，花名册
v. 登记，注册
24.regret n.& vt. 懊悔，遗憾；痛惜
25.regular adj. 规则的
重点短语
1.look out 小心
look into 调查
look forward to 盼望
look through 仔细看；浏览
look up to 尊敬
look down upon 瞧不起
look on...as 把……看作
look after 照顾
look for 寻找
look back 回顾；回头看
look up 查阅；抬头
2.make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
common sense 常识
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
61. Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.
【句式翻译】Shay 的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的， 但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有残障的孩子可以打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that都引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句包含一个条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】 sense n.感觉；感官；意义；make sense有意义；有道理；make sense of理解
Can you make sense of what this book says? 你能理解这本书的内容吗?
I’m afraid I haven’t got a very good sense of direction, so I easily get lost.
恐怕我的方向感很差, 因此我容易迷路。
His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight. 他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。
62. In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.
【句式翻译】过去，像我这样不能通过高考而进入大学的人士，是没有机会拿到学位的。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, if引导条件状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】fail v. 失败；使失望
I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 即使要失败十次，我也绝不灰心。
You can always rely on Jim, he won’t fail you. 你可以永远信任吉姆, 他不会让你失望的。
The words fail to convey the meaning. 词不达意。
63. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.
【句式翻译】有些社会科学家建议，西方人应该利用古代中国人的智慧来弥补西方哲学体系当中的不足。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】1）take advantages of 利用；占……的便宜
He’s joining the club in order to take advantage of the others. 他入会是来揩油的。
In spring we usually set the clocks ahead one hour to take advantage of the summer daylight.
春季我们通常把钟拨快一小时以充分利用夏天的白昼。
2）make up for补偿，弥补；make up组成；补足；化妆；编造
Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.
努力工作经常可以弥补能力的不足。
It didn’t take her long to make up.
她很快就化妆好了。
The teacher helped his pupils make up the lessons they had missed.
教师给学生补课。
The imaginative child always likes to make up fairy tales.
充满想象力的孩子喜欢编造神话故事。
Five doctors and two nurses make up a medical team.
五位医生和两位护士组成一个医疗队。
【语法点拨】宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可以归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should + 动词原形”构成，其中的should常可以省略。如：
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.
老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people heart and soul.
党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”；suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.
汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.
他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
64. If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?
【句式翻译】如果美国运动员玛丽昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？
【句式分析】本句是复合句，if引导状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】make it及时到达；成功；约定时间。具体用法参见第45句。
65. Their money would be wasted if the message didn’t reach its target audience, in other words the people the advertisement intends to persuade.
【句式翻译】如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。
【句式分析】本句是复合句, if引导条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气，the advertisement intends …是定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
【词语点拨】1）in other words换句话说
Joe doesn’t like work -- in other words, he’s lazy!
乔不爱劳动―换句话说，他懒惰!
2) persuade vt.说服；劝说；固定短语：persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事。persuade意为“说服”，指劝说成功；advise意为“劝说”，不一定成功。
Mrs Green persuaded her husband to go to see the doctor.
格林太太说服丈夫去看病。
Nobody can persuade Linda to change her mind once it is made up.
一旦琳达下定决心就没有人可以说服她改变主意。
We advised the villagers to move immediately to a safe place，but they were not persuaded.
我们劝村民立即转移到安全的地方，但是没说服他们。
3) intend vt. 计划；打算
①intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事……
Nowadays more and more young men intend to study/studying abroad.
现在越来越多的年轻人打算出国留学。
②intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
I intend Tom to go the concert with me.
我打算让汤姆跟我一块去听音乐会。
③intend sth或intend+从句“打算，想”
You misunderstood George. He intended no harm.
你误会乔治了，他没有恶意。
Mr. Black intended that his son should take over the business.
布莱克先生打算让他的儿子接管生意。
④be intended for……是用来，为……设计/准备
This English newspaper is intended for the middle school student.
这份英语报纸是给中学生用的。
⑤be intended as/to be 打算作为……之用
The book was intended as a pleasant surprise for her sister but was lost in the mail. 这本书原本是作为惊喜送给她姐姐的，但是邮寄丢了
二、目的状语、让步状语从句主要用法
1．目的状语短语和目的状语从句
目的状语可以由in order(not)to、so as(not)to等不定式短语构成。
例：The teacher explained the rules several times in order to／so as to make the students fully understand．
老师反复解释了这些规则，就是为了让学生们充分地理解。
Before he turned in his composition．he checked it again so as to make as few mistakes as possible．
把作文交上去之前他又检查了一遍，目的是尽量减少错误。
目的状语从句可以由so that、in order that等连接短语引导，且从句中的谓语部分一般含有情态动词can／could、may／might、will／would、shall／should等。
例：The secretary adjusted the manager’s agenda in order that he could attend the economic forum．
秘书调整了经理的日程安排，使他能够出席这次经济论坛。
【注意】目的状语短语和从句可以置于句首。
例：In order to save paper，the secretary printed on both sides of the paper．
为了节约纸张，秘书在纸的正反面都打印。
In order that he might hear more clearly，he seated himself in the first row．
为了听得更清楚些，他坐在了第一排。
for fear that （生怕）, in case（万一）与lest(以免）也可以用来引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语部分常用一般现在时或一般过去时，但不用将来时。
例：They have made a careful plan in case something unexpected happens．
他们制定了一个周密的计划，以防备可能发生的意外。
2．让步状语短语和让步状语从句
让步状语可以由despite和in spite of构成。
例：Despite the heavy traffic jam on Monday morning，he got to the office on time．
尽管周一早晨的交通非常拥挤，他还是准时到达了办公室。
The old man cannot see very well in spite of the spectacles．
尽管戴着眼镜，老人还是看不太清楚。
【注意】despite和in spite of后面跟名词或名词短语。
例：Despite /In spite of all the evidence，he still refused to confess his mistakes．
尽管证据确凿，他还是拒绝承认错误。
引导状语从句的连词有although、though、even though等，意为“虽然；尽管”，表示在从句情况存在的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。
例：Although it was very hot，the builders kept working on the sites．
虽然天气酷热，建筑工人们还是坚持在工地上工作。
The scientist kept experimenting with the new drug even though he had failed three
times.
尽管已经失败了三次，这个科学家仍然坚持试验这种新药。
【拓展】
(1)as／though倒装结构表示让步意义，相当于although／though引导的从句。(难点）
例：Difficult as／though the problem was(=Although／Though the problem was difficult)，Tom managed to work it out． 尽管这道题目很难，汤姆还是做了出来。
(2)while引导的让步状语从句常置于句首。
例：While I admit that he is not perfect，l do actually like the person．
尽管我承认他非完美，但我的确非常喜欢这个人。
(3)whatever、whoever、wherever和however等词引导的让步状语从句，相当于“no matter +wh-疑问词”，常译为“无论……”。
例：He always thinks of his motherland wherever he travels(=no matter where he travels)．
无论走到哪儿，他都心系祖国。
(4)whether…or…引导的让步状语从句，常译为”无论…还是…”
例：whether we win or lose，we will spare no effort．无论成败，我们都会不遗余力。
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.
A．for B．so that C．because D．in order
2．Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ______ all the class may hear.
A．so, that B．or C．in order that D．and
3．Lift it up______I may see it.
A．though B．so that C．as D．than
4．We should learn more information technology ________ we can improve our teaching efficiency.
A．so that B．in case C．now that D．even if
5．________ I’m willing to help, I don’t have much time available.
A．If B．Because C．Until D．While
6．________ people have been used to the single-use plastic bags, it is unavoidable to throw away this consumption habit to help protect the environment.
A．Because B．Unless C．Even though D．So that
7．_________ his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.
A．Successful as B．Although successful
C．Despite success D．Regardless of success
8．________ the Internet is of great help both to our studies and life, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it every day.
A．When B．While C．Since D．Once
9．_____there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty．
A．Since B．While C．When D．However
10．They raised money ______ the homeless children can have a shelter.
A．in case B．in order to C．in order that D．now that
11．Come a little bit closer________you could get a better view.
A．in case B．because of C．by means of D．so that
12．My parents always save some money in store something unexpected happens.
A．even if B．when C．in case D．so that
13．______ serious a problem you may have, you should show your courage to face the challenge.
A．Whatever B．Wherever C．However D．Whenever
14．________ our new product hasn’t been accepted by the public, I think its potential market is large.
A．While B．Unless C．Once D．Before
15．The two collectors have determined to buy the precious Egyptian vase, _______.
A．however much it costs B．no matter how it costs
C．however much does it cost D．no matter how much does it cost
16．________, we must believe in ourselves and efforts must pay off one day.
A．However life is difficult B．However is life difficult
C．However difficult life is D．However difficult is life
17．Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history ______ he can give you the accurate treatment.
A．even if B．so that C．in case D．as though
18．Of these candidates ________ you opt for, you will have a right assistant.
A．who B．that C．whichever D．whoever
19．________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A．Since B．Even though C．As if D．In case
20．________ food delivery services bring convenience, they let students form some lazy habits.
A．As B．While C．If D．Whatever
21．No matter how frequently ________ in the Louvre in Paris, the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso always attract a large number of audience.
A．display B．displayed C．displays D．are displayed
22．Most children will “obey” spoken instructions before they can speak in language learning, ________ the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the delighted cooperation.
A．as B．because C．though D．when
23．Let us sacrifice our today ______ our children can have a better tomorrow.
A．so that B．in case C．even if D．now that
24．________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．However B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Whenever
25．_________ we eat for breakfast has a great effect on our health, many students skip breakfast for various reasons.
A．Though B．In spite of that C．Despite what D．Although what
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
26．What we should remember is that our ______(义务) is to serve the people heart and soul(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．Low-fat foods are________(理想的) for people who are watching their waistline. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
28．The first time I met him on ___________ (校园), he made himself known to me. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
29．As a group, we place________ (强调) on teamwork, mutual trust and respect.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
30．Water ______(存在) in three forms: solid, liquid and gas. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
31．As a child I was ________ (围绕) by love and kindness. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
32．Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know his thinking and________(性格). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
33．The company is very large and it has more than 100 ________(分公司) all over the world. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
34．In the end we found the perfect carpet with ________(图案) that we both liked. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
35．There are differences in the choices of books between the ________(性别).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
36．Recent technology has ________ (使能够) the development of cheaper digital radios. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
37．I was quite anxious when breaking the vase by accident. To my ________ (宽慰、轻松), my mother didn’t scold me but forgave my mistake. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
38．When he woke up, he found himself ________(包围) by a good many students. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
39．Such a blood pressure is ______ (正常的) for a person of his age. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
40．As the saying goes, success is not ever that of an ________(个人), but always that of a collective. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查连词和固定短语辨析。句意：老师提高他的音量以便所有的学生们能听到他。A. for因为；B. so that以便；C. because因为；D. in order整齐。分析句子结构，设空处应用连词。结合句意，句中缺乏“以便，因此”，引导目的状语从句。故选B项。
2．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：请大声回答问题，以便全班都能听到。A. so, that如此……以至于……；B. or或者；C. in order that为了；D. and并且。根据下文“all the class may hear”可知，此处表示“以便全班都能听到”，引导目的状语从句，所以用in order that。故选C。
3．B
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：把它举起来，以便我能看见。根据句意，“把它举起来”的目的是“让我能看见”，所以用so that（以便）引导目的状语从句，故选B。
4．A
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我们应该学习更多的信息技术，这样我们才能提高教学效率。A. so that 以便；为的是；B. in case 以防；C. now that既然； D. even if即使；纵然。分析可知，学习更多的信息技术的目的是提高效率，所以空白处填so that，符合题意，故选A。
5．D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。A.If如果；B.Because因为； C.Until直到； D.While虽然。由句意可知，前后为让步关系，所以空处应用表示让步的从属连词引导让步状语从句，While引导让步状语从句，故选D项。
6．C
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的。A. Because因为；B. Unless除非；C. Even though尽管；D. So that以便于。根据“people have been used to the single-use plastic bags”和“it is unavoidable to throw away this consumption habit”可知，句子表示“尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的”，空格处意为“尽管”，是even though，引导让步状语从句，故选C。
7．A
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的上一张专辑很成功，但目前还没有推出任何后续专辑的计划。despite和regardless of分别是介词和介词短语，后面不能接句子，排除C项和D项；although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，排除B项；as引导让步状语从句时，可以将表语前置，形成部分倒装。故选A。
8．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然互联网有很大帮助，但是我不认为每天花太多时间在上面是一个好主意。A. When当……时；B. While然而；C. Since自从；D. Once一旦。根据句意可知，前后句意存在让步关系，应用while引导让步状语从句。故选B。
9．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管没有确凿的证据表明，但是大多数人都认为他有罪。A. Since因为、自从；B. While虽然……但是……，多放于句首；C. When当……时候；D. However然而（副词）。此处引导让步状语从句， While符合句意。故选B。
10．C
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们筹集资金以便无家可归的孩子们能有一个庇护所。A. in case以防；B. in order to为了；C. in order that为了，以便；D. now that既然。分析句子可知，句子为目的状语从句，“in order that”意为“为了，以便”，引导从句，符合句意，“in order to”意为“为了”，后面不接句子，故空格处应填“in order that”。故选C项。
11．D
【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：再靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。A. in case万一；B. because of因为；C. by means of用，依靠；D. so that以便。根据句意可知，“you could get a better view”表示“目的”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D项。
12．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我父母总是存一些钱以备不时之需。A. even if即使；B. when当……时候；C. in case以防；D. so that以便。引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”应用in case。故选C。
13．C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该表现出面对挑战的勇气。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Wherever无论哪里；C. However无论多么；D. Whenever无论何时。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么”应用however，修饰形容词serious。故选C。
14．A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们的新产品还没有被大众所接受，但我认为它的潜在市场是很大的。A. While虽然；B. Unless除非；C. Once一旦；D. Before在……之前。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while。故选A。
15．A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：两位收藏家决定买下这件珍贵的埃及花瓶，不管花多少钱。分析句子可知，however/no matter how引导让步状语从句，后紧跟形容词或副词，所以B项不对。后跟状语从句，不需倒装，所以C，D项不对，故选A项。
16．C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知，该句为However引导的让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”，结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。
17．B
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：告诉你的医生详细的病史，这样他才能给你准确的治疗。A. even if即使，虽然；B. so that以便，为了：C. in case万一，假使；D. as though好像。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填连接词so that，引导目的状语从句，把既往病史告诉医生的目的是医生可以做成准确的治疗。故选B项。
18．D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在这些候选人中，无论你选择谁，你都会有一个合适的助手。分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，逗号前为让步状语从句；代指“选手中的任何一个”且充当从句宾语，此处需用whoever。故选D项。
19．B
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园很远，但每年都有很多游客来参观。A. Since自从，因为；B. Even though尽管，虽然；C. As if仿佛，好像；D. In case以防。结合连词的意思可知，选择even though引导让步状语从句，合乎句意的需要，故选B项。
20．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然外卖服务带来了方便，但也让学生养成了一些懒惰的习惯。A. As当……时；B. While虽然，尽管；C. If如果；D. Whatever无论什么。根据句意分析句子可知，逗号前的部分是让步状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，且意义为“虽然，尽管”；as虽然可以引导让步状语从句，但是从句必须倒装，所以排除A项。故选B项。
21．B
【详解】考查让步状语从句的省略。句意：无论巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作在巴黎卢浮宫多么频繁地展出，它们总能吸引大批观众。A. display展示；B. displayed展示；C. displays展示；D. are displayed被展示。在让步，时间等状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be省略，即从句原句为：No matter how frequently (the masterpieces of Pablo Picasso are) displayed in the Louvre in Paris可知，此处省略从句的主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故选B。
22．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：在学习语言之前，大多数孩子会“服从”口头指示，尽管“服从”一词很难准确地描述愉快的合作。A. as随着；B. because因为；C. though尽管；D. when当……时候。分析句子，前后两句构成让步关系，引导状语从句，表示“尽管”用though。故选C。
23．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们牺牲我们的今天，让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天。A.so that以便为了；B.in case以防、以免；C.even if即使；D.now that既然。根据后句“our children can have a better tomorrow(让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天)”可知，是为了孩子有一个更好的明天。so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
24．A
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(＝no matter how)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故选A。
25．D
【详解】考查从句。句意：尽管我们早晨吃的东西对我们的健康有很大的影响，许多学生仍然会因为各种原因不吃早晨。分析句子结构和意思可知，逗号前后分句上下文是转折的关系，所以用连词although引导让步状语从句；在让步状语从句中，we eat for breakfast是主语从句，缺少动词eat的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。
26．duty
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该记住的是，我们的义务是全心全意为人民服务。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填名词duty“义务”作主语，根据句意用单数，故填duty。
27．ideal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：低脂食品对于那些关注自己腰围的人来说是理想的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“理想的”对应的形容词ideal，作表语。故填ideal。
28．campus
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在校园里第一次见到他时，他向我介绍了自己。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示“校园”含义的名词为campus，短语on campus在校园、在校内，故填campus。
29．emphasis
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个团队，我们强调团队合作，相互信任和尊重。空格处用名词作宾语，“强调”的名词是emphasis，place emphasis on是固定短语，意为“强调”。故填emphasis。
30．exists
【详解】考查动词。句意：水以三种形式存在：固体、液体和气体。根据“in three forms”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词exist，作句子的谓语，句子在描述客观真理，时态应用一般现在时，主语Water为不可数名词，exist需用第三人称单数形式exists。故填exists。
31．surrounded
【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个孩子，我被爱和善良所包围。根据汉语提示可知，surround“围绕”，动词，主语I和动词surround是被动关系，所以句子是一般过去时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词。故填surrounded。
32．personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过一个人的笔迹，人们可以了解他的思想和性格。根据汉语提示可知，作宾语，应用名词personality，故填personality。
33．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司非常大，在世界各地有100多个分公司。根据“The company is very large”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch作has的宾语，且空前有more than 100，意为“100多个”，branch需用复数形式branches。故填branches。
34．patterns
【详解】考查名词。句意：最后，我们找到了我们都喜欢的带有图案的完美地毯。“图案”为名词pattern，作宾语，为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填patterns。
35．genders
【详解】考查名词。句意：不同性别对书籍的选择不同。根据汉语提示“性别”和常识以及上文between the可知，此处可用名词gender的复数形式作宾语。故填genders。
36．enabled
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：最近的技术使更便宜的数字收音机得以发展。根据汉语提示“使能够”可知，空格处涉及单词“enable”，意为“使能够”，动词词性，根据句意和句中“has”可知，句子为现在完成时，空格处应用“enable”的过去分词“enabled”。故填enabled。
37．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：不小心打碎了花瓶，我很着急。让我松了一口气的是，我母亲没有责备我，而是原谅了我的错误。根据词义“宽慰、轻松”可知，使用名词relief，它在句子中作宾语，它无需变复数，故填relief。
38．surrounded
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他醒来时，发现自己被一些医生围着。“包围”表达为动词surround，该处为“find+宾语（himself）+宾语补足语”，himself承受surround的动作，空格处应填入surround的过去分词。故填surrounded。
39．normal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这样的血压对于他这个年龄的人来说是正常的。设空处在句中作表语，形容词normal“正常的”符合句意。故填normal。
40．individual
【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，成功永远不是个人的，而是集体的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。表示“个人”且根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填入名词individual，意为“个人；个体”。故填individual。
课后巩固提高
三、汉译英（整句）
41．屠呦呦因其在中国科学的困难时期做一名科学家的勇气而闻名。(汉译英)
42．我们的责任是尽一切挽救痛苦的伤员和生命的死亡。(汉译英)
43．虽然他有点固执，我们还是说服他接受我们的援助，最后我们成功地走出了丛林。(persuade)(汉译英)
44．无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。(whichever, appeal) (汉译英)
45．虽然努力不一定成功，但在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富。(secure) (汉译英)
46．虽然这些图标的形状不同，但是它们的大小和颜色很相似。(while)(汉译英)
47．不管我们做了什么，他们都会支持我们。（stand by）（汉译英）
48．许多孩子认为父母的爱是理所当然的，认为无论他们做什么都会被原谅。（take…for granted，forgive）(汉译英)
49．无论采取何种方式来保护它，这个濒危物种很可能在不远的未来灭绝。(approach) （汉译英）
50．尽管这位艺术家的部分作品饱受争议，在场的艺术评论家们全体起立，并为他毕生推广印象派艺术作品鼓掌致敬。(as) （汉译英）
四、六选四
Chocolate Is Beneficial in Some Cases
Mental arithmetic became easier after volunteers had been given large amounts of compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), in a hot cocoa drink. They were also less likely to feel tired or mentally drained, the findings, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Brighton show.
Prof David Kennedy, director of the brain, performance and nutrition research centre at North-umbria University, and a co-author of the study, said that chocolate could be beneficial for mentally challenging tasks.
51 “For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. The flavanols, part of a group of chemicals called polyphenols (多酚), work by increasing the flow of blood into the brain.
For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. 52 . However, the same was not true when the group was asked to count backwards in groups of seven, which the researchers described as more complex task, requiring a slightly different part of the brain.
The findings also show that the volunteers did not get as tired doing the calculations if they had been given the cocoa drink, despite being asked to do them over and over for an hour. The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. 53 .
Emma Wightman, one of the study’s lead researchers, said: “You can get bars of chocolate that have 100 mg of flavnoal, and we are also going to look at the effect of lower doses of flavanol on the brain.”
Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing. 54 .
A．Volunteers’ performance definitely improved after drinking a lot of cocoa.
B．The findings show that they could do the calculations more quickly and more accurately after they had been given the drink.
C．The more fruit and vegetables and things that are high in polyphenols the better that is for your brain in the long run.
D．Although the amount was too great to be found naturally in the diet, researchers said people should ensure they have lots of flavanols, also found in fruit and vegetables, on a regular basis.
E．Both higher and lower doses of chocolate will increase brain power.
F．The findings suggest students who overeat chocolate when revising for exams may gain a real benefit from doing so.
Pioneers of the Pacific
No one is sure how they did it or even why they did it, but over 3,000 years ago people sailed into the enormous emptiness of the Pacific Ocean in simple canoes. Within a few centuries, these people now known as the Lapita— had migrated from Papua New Guinea to the island of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles to the east. 55 And they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.
56 Although their voyage began in the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language came from Taiwan, and their style of pottery decoration probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. So who were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?
Now, archaeologists Matthew Spriggs and Stuart Bedford of the Australian National University are working to answer the questions. A Lapita cemetery on the island of fate in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu has revealed information about Lapita customs, and DNA from the ancient bones may help to answer questions about the Lapita people. “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”
57 Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that El Nino, the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped. Climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific arid from lake-bed sediments in the Andes of Sou& America indicate a series of unusually frequent El Nino around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these super El Nino might have carried the Lapita sailors on long, unplanned voyages far over the horizon.
58 Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about.
A．However they arrived on the islands, the Lapita came to stay.
B．But even if the archaeologists can answer these questions, we still won’t know how the Lapita sailed so far east against the trade winds, which normally blow from east to west.
C．Archaeologists have long been wondering about the reason why the Lapita left their home for a brand-new world.
D．They explored millions of square miles of the Pacific.
E．Therefore, the Lapita gave us some new perspective to understand the Pacific.
F．There is much we do not know about the Lapita.
参考答案：
41．Tu Youyou is famous for her courage to be a scientist during the difficult period of Chinese science.
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“因……而闻名”用be famous for，“做一名科学家的勇气”用her courage to be a scientist表达，不定式作her courage的后置定语，“在中国科学的困难时期”用during the difficult period of Chinese science表达，作时间状语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Tu Youyou is famous for her courage to be a scientist during the difficult period of Chinese science.
42．Our duty/responsibility is to do everything possible to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead.
【详解】考查句子结构、名词、不定式作表语及名词短语。结合汉语提示，本句的句式用主系表结构，且表示一般性动作，所以时态用一般现在时。表示“我们的责任”用our duty/responsibility，作句子的主语，为单数含义，所以系动词用is；表示“尽一切（可能）”用不定式to do everything possible，作表语；表示“挽救痛苦的伤员和生命的死亡”用不定式短语to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead，作目的状语。故翻译为：Our duty/responsibility is to do everything possible to save the suffering of the wounded and the lives of the dead.
43．Though he was kind of stubborn,we did persuade/convince him to accept our assistance and we managed to walk out of the jungle.
【详解】考查时态，状语从句，固定短语。虽然他有点固执可以用though引导的让步状语从句，有点英文表达为“kind of”，固执的英文表达为“ stubborn”；主句我们还是说服他接受我们的援助，说服某人做某事，英文表达为“persuade/convince sb to do”，最后我们成功地走出了丛林和主句为并列句，用and连接，成功做到某事，英文表达为“manage to do”，走出英文表达为“walk out of ”，根据语境时态用一般过去时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为Though he was kind of stubborn,we did persuade/convince him to accept our assistance and we managed to walk out of the jungle.
44．Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
【详解】考查让步状语从句、there be句型、形容词、名词短语、定语从句、动词短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句可用Whichever and whatever引导的让步状语从句，Whichever and whatever在从句中作动词like的宾语，构成Whichever and whatever you like“无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么”；在主句中，根据句意以及句子结构可知，可以为there be…句型。在该句型中，表示“奇妙无比的”为形容词incredible；表示“主题公园”为theme park；其中表示“让你流连忘返”可以为that引导的定语从句that will appeal to you，修饰theme park，appeal to意为“对……产生吸引力”。故翻译为：Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you。
45．Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
【详解】考查句子结构及词汇。表示“虽然……但是……”可使用although/though引导让步状语从句；从句部分“努力不一定成功”可使用名词effort做主语，情态动词may not和动词短语result in作谓语，名词success作宾语；主句主语部分“在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神”可使用名词短语the ability to solve problems和the spirit of never giving up并列，作主语，过去分词短语gained in the process作后置定语，谓语部分表示“是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富”可使用系表结构be valuable treasure和定语从句that will secure a lifetime。故翻译为Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
46．While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and colour.
【详解】考查让步状语从句。“虽然”使用while引导让步状语从句，“图标”使用可数名词复数icons作从句主语，“形状不同”译为have different shapes，“它们”使用代词they作主句主语，指代上文icons，“大小和颜色很相似”使用固定短语be of similar size and colour，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，故翻译为：While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and colour.
47．They would stand by us no matter what we’d done.
【详解】考查让步状语从句，时态和固定短语。“不管我们做了什么”用no matter what引导让步状语从句，“我们做了什么”表示在过去的过去完成的动作，用过去完成时；“他们都会支持我们”为主句，结合语境应用过去将来时，“支持”是stand by。结合其他汉语提示，故答案为They would stand by us no matter what we’d done.
48．Many children take their parents’ love for granted, thinking they will always be forgiven whatever they do.
【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，介词，副词，连词，短语和时态。表示“许多孩子”应用名词短语many children；表示“父母的爱”应用名词短语their parents’ love；表示“认为…是理所当然的”应用动词短语take…for granted；表示“认为”应用动词think；表示“他们”应用代词they；表示“做”应用动词do；表示“无论什么”应用连词whatever；表示“都”应用副词always；表示“会”应用情态动词will；表示“被原谅”应用动词forgive的被动结构；“认为无论他们做什么都会被原谅”是“许多孩子认为父母的爱是理所当然的”伴随的动作，是主语many children主动发出的动作，所以think要用现在分词形式，做伴随状语。这句话描述的是现在的事实，所以句子谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为Many children take their parents’ love for granted, thinking they will always be forgiven whatever they do.
49．Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future.
【详解】考查让步状语从句的省略和短语。观察中文句子可知，这是一般现在时的句子。表示“无论采取何种方式”用whatever引导的让步状语从句，the approach to doing sth为固定短语，意思为：……的方法，“保护”译为protect，状语从句部分省略系动词；“这个濒危物种”译为the endangered species，“很可能”译为is likely to；“灭绝”go extinct；“在不远的未来”in the near future。综上所述，句子可以翻译为Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future. 故填Whatever approach to protecting it, the endangered species is likely to go extinct in the near future.
50．Controversial as some of the artist’s works were, all the art critics present stood up and applauded his lifelong promotion of impressionist art.
【详解】考查形容词、动词短语、名词短语和让步状语从句。表示“饱受争议的”应用形容词controversial；表示“在场的艺术评论家们”短语为all the art critics present；表示“毕生推广的印象派艺术作品”短语为his lifelong promotion of impressionist art；applaud“鼓掌致敬”；根据句意以及提示词as可知本句应使用as引导的让步状语从句，并使用从句中表语提前的句式结构controversial as some of the artist’s works were,故根据句意本句应使用一般过去时，翻译为Controversial as some of the artist’s works were, all the art critics present stood up and applauded his lifelong promotion of impressionist art。
51．F 52．B 53．D 54．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力对人类的大脑和精神状态有益。
51．根据下文““For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. (肯尼迪教授说：“对于那些很难做的事情，可能会在你的工作中出现的精神上要求很高的事情，这会有所帮助。”)”可知，下文告诉我们当我们面对精神上要求很高的事情时，巧克力会对我们有帮助，F项意为“研究结果表明，在复习考试时吃巧克力过量的学生可能会从中获得真正的好处。”选项能够引起下文，复习考试正是一项在精神上要求很高的事情，吃巧克力对学生复习考试有帮助。故选F。
52．根据上文“For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. (在这项研究中，30名志愿者被要求从计算机产生的800到999之间的随机数中，以三人一组倒计数。)”可知，上文介绍了一项研究，B项意为“研究结果表明，给他们喝了饮料后，他们可以更快、更准确地进行计算。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了这项研究的结果，志愿者喝了热巧克力后，可以更快、更准确地进行计算。故选B。
53．根据上文“The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. (研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇。)”可知，上文告诉我们研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇，D项意为“尽管这一数量太多，无法在饮食中自然发现，但研究人员表示，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇，这些黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中。”选项能够承接上文，虽然500毫克黄烷醇数量太多，但研究人员表示，黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇。故选D。
54．根据上文“Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing.” (肯尼迪教授补充道：“你所给的量比饮食中的量要多，但有很多证据表明，一般的量可以防止功能下降之类的事情。”)”可知，上文告诉我们一般量的黄烷醇就可以防止功能下降之类的事情，C项意为“水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，从长远来看，对大脑的好处就越大。”选项能够承接上文，黄烷醇是多酚的一部分，一般量的黄烷醇就会对大脑产生好处，吃水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，对大脑的好处就越大。故选C。
55．D 56．F 57．B 58．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉皮塔人作为探索太平洋的先驱，仍有许多未解之谜需要研究者去做进一步探索。
55．下文“And they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.(并且他们发现了并在几十个人类从未见过的热带岛屿定居下来：瓦努阿图、新克里多尼亚、斐济、萨摩亚)”说明拉皮塔人在太平洋上发现了很多新的岛屿，和D项“他们探索了太平洋数百万平方英里的地方”构成内容上的承接关系，说明了拉皮塔人探索的结果。故选D项。
56．下文“So who were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?(那么谁是拉皮塔人呢？他们是来自于亚洲某个单独的地点，还是来自于几个不同的地方？)”这是研究者对于拉皮塔人存在的疑问，是对F项“对于拉皮塔人，我们还有很多是未知的”的举例说明。故选F项。
57．下文“Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that El Nino, the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped.(澳大利亚国立大学史前史教授阿索尔·安德森认为尼尔诺现象，也就是今天影响太平洋的海水变暖，可能起到了帮助作用)”说明了尼尔诺现象使海水变暖，和B项“长期以来,考古学家一直想知道拉皮塔人为了一个全新的世界离开家园的原因”构成因果关系，是对拉皮塔人离开家园原因的解释说明。故选B项。
58．下文“Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about.(他们的后代已经在这个地区居住了几千年，而且为什么不呢？他们生活在一个我们很多人只能梦想的岛屿天堂)”说明拉皮塔人这个区域定居了几千年，与A项“不管他们怎样来到岛上拉皮塔人都住了下来”构成承接关系，是对拉皮塔人定居内容的顺承。故选A项。
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