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考点13 宾语从句用法 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版）
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这是一份考点13 宾语从句用法 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析-2024年新高二英语暑假培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了高考重点词汇积累，高考阅读理解长难句分析，宾语从句考点梳理，阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点13 宾语从句用法+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.practical adj. 实际的，适用的
2.prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止
3.praise n.& vt. 赞扬，表扬
4.precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
5.precise adj. 精确的；准确的；认真的
6.predict v. 预知；预言，预报
7.preference n. 喜爱；偏爱
8.prejudice n. 偏见，成见
9.preparation n. 准备
10.punctual adj. 准时的
11.preserve vt. 保护；维持；保持；保存
12.pressure n. 压迫，压力，压强
13.pretend vi. 假装，装作
14.prevent vt. 防止，预防
15.preview vt. 预习；试演；预展
16.previous adj. 在先的，在前的，以前的
17.pride n. 自豪，骄傲
18.primary adj. 最初的；基本的；首要的
19.primitive adj. 原始的，远古的
20.principle n. 原则，原理；准则，规范
21.procedure n. 程序，手续
22.privilege n. 特权，优惠
23.puzzled adj. 迷惑的，困惑的
24.qualification n. 资格，学历
25.questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷
重点短语
1.keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up (with) 赶上；不落在后面
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep...out of 不使……入内；不惹事
keep away from 不(使)接近
记住……
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
keep silent 保持沉默
keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth 制止(防止)……做某事
keep off 使……远离
2.lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead/live a...life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
3.let sb down 让某人失望
let out 放出；泄露
let in 放进；让……进入
4.leave alone 不干涉/打扰；不理，顺其自然
leave behind 留下；丢弃；忘记携带
leave for 动身去
leave out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave...to/with 把……托付给；留/交给
on leave 休假
ask for leave 请假
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
56. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.
【句式翻译】粉丝过去会对一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众的消费倾向于建立在对名人的兴趣上，这些名人与某种指定的产品有联系。
【句式分析】本句是并列连词but连接的复合句，attached to…作后置定语。
【词语点拨】attach vt. 缚上；系上；附加；连接；构成短语：①attach oneself to依附；热爱，依恋 ② be attached to连在……上，附属于；热爱，依恋③attach importance to认为……重要
Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail the letter. 把邮票贴在信封上，把信寄出去。
The cities attach great importance to the pollution problem. 这些城市非常重视污染问题。
A couple should be deeply attached to each other. 夫妻应该相亲相爱。
The little girl attached herself to her English teacher. 这个小姑娘非常喜欢她的英语老师。
57. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
【句式翻译】他们的研究发现可可含有的可可碱治疗咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被认为是最好的治咳嗽的药。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词codeine，found in cocoa作后置定语。
【词语点拨】consider v.考虑；认为
I’m considering going abroad some day. 我一直考虑有一天出国。
He considered how he should answer the question. 他考虑应当怎样回答这个问题。
At first they considered me as a doctor. 起初他们认为我是医生。
We consider this matter to be very important. 我们认为这件事很重要。
58. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.
【句式翻译】萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出, 在预测一个人未来的成功时, 他的性格，通过情商测验来衡量, 也许比他的智商更为重要。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中包含有一个when引导的省略的状语从句，supported 和predicting在句中作状语。
【词语点拨】suggest vt.建议；表明。当“建议”讲时，后面可以接动名词，接从句时，从句用虚拟语气；当“表明”时，后面的从句常用陈述语气。
His pale face suggested that he was badly ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他病得很厉害。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.=I suggest that we should bring the meeting to an end.
我建议结束会议。
59. For example, many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”-- caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
【句式翻译】例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理电话投诉—未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让等候太久引起投诉。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，many companies作主语，have to invest作谓语，in order to cope作目的状语，caused作后置定语，delays和being cut off作介词by的宾语。
【词语点拨】1）delay v.&n.延迟；耽搁；后面可以接doing作宾语
The passengers were delayed for an hour. 乘客被延误了一个小时。
We decided to delay going on our holiday till next month. 我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。
The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail. 这次罢工严重地延误了邮件的投递。
2）cope with 对付
Do not imagine that you can cope with all the problems.别以为你能处理所有这些问题。
3) cause v.引起；导致 n.原因；事业
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.
在公众中缺少对环境有利的习惯被认为是导致全球气候变化的主要起因。
The cause which attracted him most was the abolition of the slave trade. 最吸引他的事业是废除买卖奴隶。
Could you tell me what caused you to change your mind? 你能告诉我是什么让你改变了主意吗？
60. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA）in salt Lake City.
【句式翻译】据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁着棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始阅读的小孩所需要的。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，dogs作主语，can provide作谓语，shining, wagging和needed都作定语。
【词语点拨】provide vt.提供；构成短语：provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb给某人提供……
These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.
这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。
In a word, we’ll provide you with all good service.
我们将为你们提供最好的服务。
二、宾语从句用法归纳
一)、 宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, if, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。
1. 连词that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义，可以省略；其它带有疑问意义的连接词则不能省略。如：
I know (that) he is a good teacher.
He doesn’t know who first discovered America.
2. whether与if
① 二者都有“是否”的意思，一般可以换用，但在介词之后，不定式之前，与or not连用时，只能用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will support us.
She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in.
② 引导否定的宾语从句时只能用 if。如：
I wonder if he won’t hurt the feeling of his girl friend.
③ 另外引导主语从句（放在句首）、表语从句、同位语从句时，也只能用 whether，不能用if。
3. what
在宾语从句中，引导词 what具有两种含义：
① 保留疑问，即“什么”的意义。
② 相当于“all／everything that”，常译成“……的（东西或事）”。
二)、 宾语从句注意事项
1. 宾语从句无论用哪种连接词来引导，语序都必须用陈述语序，尽管有时有疑问意义。如：Do you know when the lesson will begin?
2. 要注意主、从句时态的一致和相应变化。如：
① 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可根据说话人的需要选择适当的时态。如：
She asks me if I went to Dalian last year.
② 当主句是过去时的时候，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。如：
He said that he would fly to Egypt the next day.
③ 当从句是客观真理、习惯动作或状态时，不受主句时态的限制。如：
The teacher told the children that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. it作形式宾语
在“谓语+ it + 宾补 + 宾语从句”结构中，it用作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。如：
I thought it strange that he failed to call me.
三、宾语从句考点梳理
【知识梳理1】 宾语从句的关系词及类型
1. 宾语从句的关系词
连接词：从属连词，连接代词，连接副词
引导词有连词that (that 常可省略), whether, if;
代词有who, whose, what ,which；
副词 when ,where, how, why 等。
2. 及物动词后的宾语从句：
1）由从属连词引导的宾语从句
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
2）由连接代词引导的宾语从句
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3）由连接副词引导的宾语从句
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
3介词后的宾语从句：
1）I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
2）The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.
4. 某些形容词后的宾语从句：
1）I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
2）We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.
5. 非谓语动词后的宾语从句：
1）Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
2）On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible”.
6. 形式宾语it 引导的宾语从句，一般谓语动词是及物动词 consider、find、make、regard、see、take、think等
1）We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
2）I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.
3）He always takes it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.
【知识梳理2】宾语从句的语序与语态
1. 从句要用称述句语序
I’m not sure when they will start.
He told me why he didn’t come yesterday.
2. 宾语从句的时态特点
宾语从句的时态有时受主句时态的影响。
1） 主句使用现在时（包括一般现在时与现在完成时）时，从句可以使用任何时态，从句时态可以与主句一致，也可以根据从句本身的需要使用各种时态。
I think you are right.
I think you were wrong at that time.
I think she’ll come in time.
I think he has already finished his homework.
I doubt whether he is telling the truth.
She has told me that she has never been to the Great Wall.
2）主句使用过去时，从句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态以外，一律使用过去时态。
He said that the earth turns around the sun .
从句中含有过去时间状语时，使用一般过去时。
I didn’t think he was wrong yesterday.
从句中没有过去时间状语，但谈论的是过去发生的事实或从句含有完成时态状语时，常用过去完成时。
I didn’t think he had been wrong .
从句中含有将来时间状语或虽不含有时间状语，但却是谈论未来发生的事实，使用过去将来时。
I wondered whether you would mind doing me a favor.
3. 要注意的几个问题
1）后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
2）不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句”结构中，常见的有: envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．It is generally considered unwise to give a child________ he or she wants.
A．however B．whatever
C．whichever D．whenever
2．—Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on ________ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A．that B．what C．whether D．/
3．The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________I thought was a dangerous speed.
A．as B．what C．which D．that
4．Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales please?
A．whom B．who C．what D．that
5．They acknowledge ________, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to ________ found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages.
A．where; ones B．that; those C．that; them D．what; which
6．We all heard ________ last week ________ the film The Myth of Love would hit the screen in the following month.
A．it ... how B．it ... that C．that ... / D．that ... that
7．Hawking was also recognised ________ his successful research on black holes and he was able to prove ________ small amounts of radiation could escape black hole gravitational pull.
A．as ... how B．as ... why C．for ... what D．for ... that
8．—Have you finished reading the book?
—No. I’ve read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
9．The award will go to________ has the most beautiful collection of stamps.
A．who B．the one C．anyone D．whoever
10．Can you imagine ________ he had completing his study in the university?
A．what difficult B．how difficult
C．which difficulty D．what difficulty
11．Graduates today get more creative in their career pursuits, and can quickly respond to and change with _____ the market demands.
A．when B．which C．what D．that
12．I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service.
A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever
13．Though Emma congratulates herself on her success, she sometimes wonders will happen to her private life.
A．it B．what C．which D．that
14．Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time or vacation work while you’re at college, make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before taking action. 包含几个从句?
A．One B．Two C．Three. D．Four
15．Jane published the first book on ______ then called hysteria but which we now refer to as PTSD．
A．it was B．that was C．what was D．something that
16．The new school was built in ________ used to be a supermarket.
A．where B．which C．what D．that
17．As the hours passed, people began to realise ________ difficult life was for the deaf.
A．how B．why C．however D．what
18．—Do you know ________ I chose this cafe?
—You like the music here.
A．why B．where C．when D．whether
19．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him ________.
A．what would happen B．what happened C．what to happen D．what had happened
20．The WHO official calls on all the governments over the world to take ________ measures we think the best to stop the pandemic of Covid- 19.
A．whose B．that C．whatever D．no matter which
21．I don’t know will accompany you to go to the concert tonight.
A．whom B．what C．whose D．who
22．Lincoln gave them a new vision of ________ the United States of America should be, ________ on the ideals ________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
A．which; based; setting B．where; basing; set
C．what; based; set D．where; basing; setting
23．They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of ________would be considered a very poor family.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
24．How long do you think ________ the computer company brings a new product?
A．it will be before B．will it be until C．will it be when D．it will be that
25．I must find out ______ so many students made the same mistake.
A．why it was that B．why was it that
C．it was why that D．was it why that
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
26．The first time I met him on ___________ (校园), he made himself known to me. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．He made a good ___________ (印象) on the interviewers. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
28．Their ________(婚礼) is very traditional. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
29．The water in this river is so ________(浅的) that we can walk across it. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
30．The company is very large and it has more than 100 ________(分公司) all over the world. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
31．Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know his thinking and________(性格). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
32．Birds rest on the ________(树枝) of the apple tree as if they wanted to take a close look at the spring. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
33．This dictionary ________ (使能够) you to understand English words well. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
34．There are ________(各种各样的)stores and restaurants all under the roof. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
35．Everyone wants to leave a good _______(印象) on others.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
36．Look at the workers! They ________ (雕刻) symbols on the iron now. (根据汉语提示填空)
37．It was a ______(宽慰)to her to realize that she was not the only one with this problem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
38．As a child, I was ______(包围) by love and kindness of my parents. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
39．We cannot always ________(遵守) the traditions handed down to us from the past. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
40．Now a new study shows the bees’ tiny insect brains may be able to connect ________ (符号) to numbers. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
三、汉译英（整句）
41．知道有许多人欣赏我所做的事真让我开心。(汉译英)
42．我写信是想询问你是否愿意帮助我们评判最终的比赛。(汉译英)
43．神话故事的存在证明了人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想。(date) (汉译英)
44．语言学习对人类大脑的影响堪称神奇。(nothing) (汉译英)
45．这本科幻小说的结局使读者领悟到，如若继续忽视对自然平衡的保护，人类终将自食其果。(awaken) (汉译英)
46．他告诉我们他已经通过了驾照考试。(pass) (汉译英)
47．我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,要归功于我的健康生活。(due to) (汉译英)
48．一方面，人们认为机器人很重要;另一方面，人们认为他们对社会有负面影响。(on the one hand; on the other hand) (汉译英)
49．这个男孩坚持设备应该关掉来节约能源。(insist+从句) （汉译英）
50．老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些不可控的事情即将发生。(horizon) (汉译英)
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：无论孩子想要什么就给什么，通常被认为是不明智的。句中涉及动词短语give sb. sth.，在从句中作直接宾语，从句中缺少wants宾语，指物，且根据句意可知，此处表示“无论什么”，应填连接代词whatever。故选B。
2．C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——我们可以在周末之前准备好一切吗？—— 这完全取决于我们能否得到格林先生的合作。分析句子结构可知，此空处位于动词短语之后，需要连词引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处选择whether表示“是否”，符合句意。故选C项。
3．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，我哥哥开车在街上行驶，我认为这是一个危险的速度。分析句子结构可知，空处引导介词at的宾语从句，I thought为插入语，所以从句中缺少主语。故选B。
4．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我可以和负责国际销售的人通话吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词to后面宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，指人，用连接词who引导。whom指人，作宾语；what“什么”的意思；that不做成分。故选B。
5．B
【详解】考查宾语从句与动词短语辨析。句意：他们承认，在少数情况下，家庭教育提供的教育机会优于大多数公立学校，但很少有家长能够提供这样的教育优势。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格前“acknowledge (承认)”是动词，后面接宾语从句，“home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those found in most public schools (家庭教育提供的教育机会优于大多数公立学校)”句子成分不缺，句意完整，因此使用“that”引导。固定短语“superior to” 意思是“优于”，介词后面接宾语，需要填名词或代词，因为下文中出现“educational advantages (教育优势)”是复数名词短语，因此要用“those”指代。而第二空格后的短语“found in most public schools (大多数公立学校有的)”是过去分词短语后置修饰those。故选B项。
6．B
【详解】考查代词和宾语从句。句意：上周我们都听说电影《爱的神话》将在下个月上映。分析句子，第一空中缺少宾语，故使用代词it作宾语，其为形式宾语，真正的宾语为第二空引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分，无意义，只起到连接作用，故用that。故选B。
7．D
【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。句意：霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可，他能够证明少量辐射可以逃脱黑洞的引力。分析句子，句中be recognised as为固定短语，意为“被视为”；be recognised for意为“因……而被认可”，第一空中表示“霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可”应该用be recognised for；同时，第二空引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分只起到引导作用且无意义，应该用that。故选D。
8．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——你读完这本书了吗？——没有。我已经读到孩子们发现这个秘密洞穴。A. which哪一个；B. what什么，……的东西；C. that（没有意义）；D. where……的地方。空处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，但需要“……的地方”作状语，故用where引导。故选D。
9．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个奖将颁给收集最漂亮邮票的人。A. who谁；B. the one特指，一个；C. anyone任何人；D. whoever无论谁。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故选D。
10．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能想象他在完成大学学业时遇到了什么困难吗?动词imagine后是宾语从句，“做某事有困难”是have difficulty doing something。用what+名词引导宾语从句。which+名词表示一定范围内的选择，题干没有指出困难的范围。故选D。
11．C
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：今天的毕业生在他们的职业追求中更有创造性，可以根据市场的需求快速响应和改变。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词性从句的引导词，在句中作demands的宾语，应用连接代词what。故选C项。
12．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我将向任何对质量和服务感兴趣的人推荐这家连锁店。A. what什么，……的东西；B. which哪一个；C. whatever无论什么；D. whoever无论谁，任何人。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语；结合句意，此处是指任何人，为泛指，应用whoever。故选D。
13．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然艾玛为自己的成功感到庆幸，但她有时也想知道自己的个人生活会发生什么。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导动词wonders的宾语从句，并指代事情在从句中做主语，所以应该是what。故选B项。
14．C
【详解】考查句子结构分析。句意：无论你决定在大学期间做兼职或假期工作，在采取行动之前请务必考虑以下问题。分析句子结构可知，该句一共包含三个从句，分别是Whatever引导的主语从句；while引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。故选C。
15．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和动词时态语态。句意：简出版了第一本关于歇斯底里症的书现在我们称之为创伤后应激障碍。设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作指物的主语，应用what；从句的主语和谓语之间是被动关系，事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故选C。
16．C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这所新学校建在过去是超市的地方。分析句子可知，空处应填引导一个宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，并在从句中作主语，所以应填连接代词what。故选C项。
17．A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到聋人的生活是多么的艰难。跟在动词realise之后，此处为宾语从句。再结合空格后的形容词difficult可知，此处用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。
18．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你知道我为什么选择这家咖啡馆吗？——你喜欢这里的音乐。A. why为什么；B. where哪里；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。根据句意可知，此处为连词why“为什么”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
19．D
【详解】考查宾语从句和过去完成时。句意：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。分析句子，设空处用what引导的宾语从句，同时happen该动作发生在ask之前，主语asked为一般过去时，故从句表示的是动作发生在过去的过去，即使用过去完成时，应用had done。故选D。
20．C
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：世界卫生组织官员呼吁世界各国政府采取我们认为最好的措施来阻止新冠肺炎肺炎的流行。A. whose谁的；B. that那个；C. whatever任何…都；D. no matter which不论哪一个。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，whatever measures表示“无论什么样的措施”。故选C。
21．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道今晚谁陪你去听音乐会。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作know的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且主语指的是“陪你去听音乐会”的人，应用连接代词who。故选D。
22．C
【详解】考查宾语从句以及非谓语动词。句意：林肯以八十七年前开国元勋们确立的理想为基础，向他们展示了他们美利坚合众国的新愿景。分析句子成分可知，空1后面的从句为介词of的宾语从句，且从句中缺表语；空2后的句子“on the ideals ________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.”是过去分词作状语；空3后的句子谓语与名词ideals是被动关系，为过去分词作定语。故选C项。
23．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们在一个被认为是极度贫困家庭的农场里住了几天几夜。分析句子可知，“______would be considered a very poor family”是介词of后宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故选D项。
24．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。句意：你认为电脑公司要多久才能推出新产品？根据句子结构，设空处+the computer company brings a new product放于动词think之后为宾语从句，宾语从句中要使用陈述语序，故排除B和C两选项。根据句意，it will be+一段时间+before+一般现在时，为固定句型，意为“还需要过多久才能...”，before之前表示事情将要发生，应用一般将来时。故选A。
25．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：我必须弄清楚为什么这么多学生犯同样的错误。分析句子可知，“____ so many students made the same mistake.”是宾语从句；结合句意和选项可知，从句中使用了强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：why was it that (so many students made the same mistake?)，因作宾语从句，用陈述句语序：why it was that (so many students made the same mistake)。故选A项。
26．campus
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在校园里第一次见到他时，他向我介绍了自己。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示“校园”含义的名词为campus，短语on campus在校园、在校内，故填campus。
27．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：他给面试官留下了很好的印象。good是形容词，修饰名词，“印象”的名词是impression，作宾语，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填impression。
28．wedding
【详解】考查名词。句意：婚礼很传统。根据句意和汉语提示应填wedding“婚礼”作主语，由is可知用单数，故填wedding。
29．shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这条河里的水太浅了，我们可以步行穿过它。根据句意和所给汉语提示分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作表语，且意义为“浅的”，所以应该用形容词shallow。故填shallow。
30．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司非常大，在世界各地有100多个分公司。根据“The company is very large”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch作has的宾语，且空前有more than 100，意为“100多个”，branch需用复数形式branches。故填branches。
31．personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过一个人的笔迹，人们可以了解他的思想和性格。根据汉语提示可知，作宾语，应用名词personality，故填personality。
32．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：鸟儿们在苹果树的树枝上休息，好像想近距离观察春天。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，名词branch符合题意，作宾语，不止一根树枝，用复数形式。故填branches。
33．enables
【详解】考查动词。句意：这本词典使你能很好地理解英语单词。“使能够”为动词enable，作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词enable应用三单形式，故填enables。
34．various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：楼下有各种各样的商店和餐馆。“各种各样的”应用形容词various作定语，修饰名词stories and restaurants，故填various。
35．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：每个人都想给别人留下好印象。分析句子可知，此空应填可数名词单数，再根据中文提示可知，表示“印象”应填impression，在本句中作宾语。故填impression。
36．are carving
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：看那些工人!他们正在铁器上刻符号。根据汉语提示“雕刻”是carve，now提示用现在进行时，主语是they，谓语用复数。故填are carving。
37．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：意识到她不是唯一有这个问题的人，这让她松了一口气。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的冠词可知空白处填名词，根据汉语提示，表示“宽慰”含义的名词为relief，故填relief。
38．surrounded
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：作为一个孩子，我被父母的爱和善良所包围。“包围”是句中谓语动词，用surround表示，与主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词surrounded与助动词was构成一般过去时态的被动语态。故填surrounded。
39．observe
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能总是遵守过去传给我们的传统。根据句意和汉语提示可知，表示“遵守”应用动词observe，在本句中作谓语，且cannot后面接动词原形。故填observe。
40．symbols
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：现在，一项新的研究表明，蜜蜂小小的昆虫大脑可能能够将符号与数字联系起来。“符号”表达为名词symbol，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，故用名词复数，作动词connect的宾语。故填symbols。
41．Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done, I feel really delighted.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。“知道”使用动词know，“有许多人欣赏我做的事情”译为一个宾语从句，作know的宾语，从句使用一般现在时，“很多”使用固定短语a lot of，“欣赏”使用动词appreciate，“我做的事情”译为宾语从句what I have done，作动词appreciate的宾语，know后的宾语从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，动词know和本句主语I之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，即Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done，“真让我开心”译为feel really delighted，feel用作系动词，形容词delighted作表语，故翻译为：Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done, I feel really delighted.。
42．I am writing to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge the final competition.
【详解】考查动词和宾语从句。表示“我正在写信去询问”应该使用现在进行时，即I am writing to ask；表示“是否”用whether，引导的是宾语从句；表示“愿意做某事”用be willing to do，表示“帮助我们评判”用help us judge；表示“最终的比赛”用the final competition。故翻译为：I am writing to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge the final competition。
43．The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。表示“神话故事的存在”用the existence of fairy tales；表示“证明”用prove，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想”，该结构中that引导宾语从句，date from意为“追溯至”，一般现在时，即that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times。故翻译为The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
44．Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
【详解】考查时态、形容词比较级、宾语从句和名词短语。根据句意，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，根据提示词nothing (没有什么)，本句含义可以表达为“没有什么比语言学习对人类大脑的影响更加神奇了”，因此可以用比较级的形式nothing is more amazing than...来表达，意为：没有什么比……更加令人惊奇；“语言学习对人类大脑的影响”可以用宾语从句表达，译为：what language learning does to the human brain，位于“than”后。故答案为：Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
45．The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit.
【详解】考查一般现在时，一般将来时和宾语从句。表示“这本科幻小说的结局”用the end of this science fiction novel；表示“唤醒，领悟”用awaken sb that；表示“继续忽视对自然平衡的保护”用continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature，表示“自食其果”用eat one's own bitter fruit，此处表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。故翻译为：The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit。
46．He told us that he had passed the driving test already.
【详解】考查宾语从句、动词。分析句子结构，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，引导词在宾语从句中不做成分，使用that引导宾语从句。表示“告诉”含义的动词为：tell；表示“我们”含义的宾格代词为：us；表示“驾照考试”含义的词为the driving test；分析句子结构，句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，所以主句谓语动词用一般过去时，因宾语从句的谓语动词表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前，应使用过去完成时形式，故翻译为：He told us that he had passed the driving test already.
47．I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
【详解】考查时态，短语和从句。根据句意可知，用一般现在时，分析句子可知，句子是主从复合句，主句I think“我想”，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导宾语从句，主语my long and active life表示“我之所以长寿而且精力充沛”，must“肯定”，due to“因为”，表示“归功于”，the healthy life“健康的生活”，I live“我过得”，作定语修饰life，故译为I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
48．On the one hand, some people think that robots are very important; on the other hand, others believe that they have negative effects on the society.
【详解】考查从句和时态。根据题干要求，需用on the one hand; on the other hand句型，意为“一方面，另一方面”，“人们认为机器人很重要”可用宾语从句，主句是“人们认为”译为“some people think”，“机器人很重要”为that引导的宾语从句，译为“robots are very important”，“人们认为他们对社会有负面影响”同样可用宾语从句，主句是“人们认为”译为“others believe”，“他们对社会有负面影响”为that引导的宾语从句，译为“they have negative effects on the society”。本句为一般现在时。故译为：On the one hand, some people think that robots are very important; on the other hand, others believe that they have negative effects on the society.
49．The boy insisted that the equipment should be turned off to save energy.
【详解】考查虚拟语气、宾语从句、非谓语动词和时态语态。表示“坚持”用insist后面加宾语从句，表示过去的事情用一般过去时。insist翻译为坚持主张时，从句用should加动词原形，主语“设备”是equipment和“关掉”turn off是被动关系，用should加be done，“为了节约能源”，用动词不定式表示目的，to save energy，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The boy insisted that the equipment should be turned off to save energy.
50．It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
【详解】考查固定句型、原因状语从句、宾语从句和固定短语。由句意可知，本句应用一般现在时，表示客观事实。“老年人的一个常见习惯是……”可用固定句型It is a common habit among the elderly to do sth表达，It为形式主语，动词不定式to do sth为真正的主语；“囤积大量生活用品”可译为动词短语store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities，表达“以备不时之需”可用介词短语in case of emergencies；故“老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，”可译为It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies。“一部分原因是”可译为连词because引导的原因状语从句，即partly because...，“他们总是觉得……”可用they always feel that...来翻译，that引导宾语从句，“某些不可控的事情”应译为something uncontrollable，根据提示词，“即将发生”应译为be on the horizon；故“一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些不可控的事情即将发生。”可译为partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon。故答案为：It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
课后巩固提高
四、阅读理解
Born in 1983 in Arizona, US, Jessica has learned to live her life with her feet, She was born without arms, and no doctors could figure out why.
There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “ normal” life. However, Jessica’s father said, “ I have never shed a tear about her birth condition. ” With the support of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to explore the world with her feet.
As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When the first performance arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no back row. Nervously, she took the stage with the other students and performed her routine. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and confidence to continue dancing for 14 years.
After graduating from high school, Jessica attended the University of Arizona, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology. When talking about her major, she frequently explains that Psychology has a great effect on her life, helping her out of a physical limitation.
During college, Jessica signed up for a club of taekwondo (跆拳道) and learned all of the colour belt materials. The instructors created a course that would be accessible to any future armless students. Jessica became the first, armless person to earn a black belt in the club.
Jessica’s most famous accomplishment was learning how to fly. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to find the right aircraft. She earned herself a place in the Guinness World Records for being the first person permitted to fly an airplane with only her feet.
Now Jessica works as a motivational lecturer. She travels around the world sharing her story and encouraging people to be creative with the slogan“ Think outside the shoe”。
51．What encouraged Jessica to keep dancing for so many years?
A．The support of her family. B．Her dance teacher’s words.
C．The help of the other students. D．Her success in the first performance.
52．Why did Jessica major in Psychology in university?
A．Psychology is the best subject in her university.
B．Psychology can bring her a good job in tie future.
C．Psychology can help her go beyond her disability.
D．Psychology is fit for an armless student.
53．What’s Jessica’s greatest achievement?
A．Flying an airplane with her feet. B．Finding the right aircraft.
C．Speaking as a motivational lecturer. D．Travelling around the world.
54．What’s the best title of the text?
A．A Talented Girl, Jessica B．A Motivational Speaker
C．Exploring the World with Feet D．Being Creative as a Student
Have you ever run out of coffee or tea and found no eggs in the fridge? No bread for the sandwich and the nearest shop is too far away? Well, all that can change in the future.
If all goes well, the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems. In the future, all kitchen units will be connected to the Internet. The intelligent future kitchen will give wise advice on planning your menu for the day. Worried about your weight?It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health. It will even keep in mind your likes and dislikes!
Designed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this smart kitchen promises to pay attention to all your needs. The computer system will help keep an“ eye”on the fridge. If the fridge is empty, the kitchen will automatically call and place an order at the local supermarket. So you don’t have to worry about it at all.
You get home late, and don’t know what to make from the collection of ingredients in your fridge. A while back you might have ordered a takeout but now, instead of worrying about eating a collection of this and that, you’re excited. You can pull out each vegetable, and pass each one in front of a web camera next to your fridge. A few moments later, a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.
After dinner, you take your plates to a box next to the sink. You don’t have to clean them, your machine does. It produces new plates every time you need to eat. Later in the evening, you phone your other half, who is on a business trip halfway around the world. As you drink your cup of hot coffee, it makes your other half’s cup change colour on the other side of the world, another special way to keep in touch.
55．How will the problem mentioned in the first paragraph be solved?
A．By the intelligent kitchen itself. B．By finding a good housekeeper.
C．After you call the supermarket. D．After you buy great amounts of food.
56．What may the kitchen of the future help you do?
A．Lose weight fast. B．Keep a healthy diet.
C．Cook delicious food. D．Clean the fridge in time.
57．What does the underlined word “ ingredients” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Data. B．Opinions. C．Materials. D．Fruits.
58．What does the fourth paragraph tell us about the smart kitchen?
A．It will order a takeout for you if you get home late.
B．It has a big colour television and some web cameras.
C．It can pull out all the vegetables from your fridge.
D．It can give a suitable recipe according to your ingredients.
参考答案：
51．D 52．C 53．A 54．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生来就没有双臂的女孩杰西卡，身残志坚，靠着双脚完成大学学业，从事各种兴趣爱好，使生命尽情绽放的励志故事。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and confidence to continue dancing for 14 years.”（当她结束表演时，观众的掌声给了她继续跳舞14年的鼓励和信心。）可知，支持她多年跳舞的动力是第一次表演获得的鼓励和认可。故选D项。
52．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“When talking about her major, she frequently explains that Psychology has a great effect on her life, helping her out of a physical limitation.”（在谈到自己的专业时，她经常说心理学对她的生活有很大的影响，帮助她摆脱了身体上的限制。）可知，心理学使她摆脱了身体的残疾，故而决定选择该专业。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Jessica’s most famous accomplishment was learning how to fly.”（杰西卡最著名的成就是学会了飞行。）可知，没有双臂的女孩杰西卡学会了开飞机，这是她最大的成就。故选A项。
54．主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“With the support of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to explore the world with her feet.”（在父母和家人的支持下，作为一个成年人，杰西卡变得自信起来，继续用她的脚去探索这个世界。）并结合下文杰西卡在各个领域取得的成绩可知，文章主要讲述了生来就没有双臂的女孩杰西卡靠着双脚探索世界的故事。故选C项。
55．A 56．B 57．C 58．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来的智能厨房。
55．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you ever run out of coffee or tea and found no eggs in the fridge? No bread for the sandwich and the nearest shop is too far away? Well, all that can change in the future.(你有没有过咖啡或茶用完了，冰箱里又没有鸡蛋的经历?没有面包做三明治，最近的商店又太远?这一切在未来都可能改变。)”和第二段中“If all goes well, the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems.(如果一切顺利，智能未来厨房将很快帮你解决所有问题。)”可知，第一段提到的问题将由未来智能厨房解决。故选A项。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The intelligent future kitchen will give wise advice on planning your menu for the day. Worried about your weight?It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health. (智能未来厨房将为你规划当天的菜单提供明智的建议。担心你的体重?它会告诉你正确的饮食和什么对你的健康有益。)”可知，未来的厨房能帮你保持健康的饮食。故选B项。
57．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“You get home late, and don’t know what to make from the collection of ingredients in your fridge.(你回家晚了，不知道用冰箱里的ingredients做什么。)”中“what to make from”和“in your fridge”可知，ingredients是冰箱里的东西，可以用来制作食物，由此推知，ingredients指制作食物的“材料”。故选C项。
58．细节理解题。根据第四段中“You can pull out each vegetable, and pass each one in front of a web camera next to your fridge. A few moments later, a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.(你可以把每一种蔬菜都拿出来，放到冰箱旁边的网络摄像头前。过了一会儿，你冰箱上的屏幕就会显示一份美味的食谱。)”可知，智能厨房可以根据你的食材给出合适的食谱。故选D项。
考点13 宾语从句用法+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析
核心考点梳理
一、高考重点词汇积累
核心单词
1.practical adj. 实际的，适用的
2.prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止
3.praise n.& vt. 赞扬，表扬
4.precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
5.precise adj. 精确的；准确的；认真的
6.predict v. 预知；预言，预报
7.preference n. 喜爱；偏爱
8.prejudice n. 偏见，成见
9.preparation n. 准备
10.punctual adj. 准时的
11.preserve vt. 保护；维持；保持；保存
12.pressure n. 压迫，压力，压强
13.pretend vi. 假装，装作
14.prevent vt. 防止，预防
15.preview vt. 预习；试演；预展
16.previous adj. 在先的，在前的，以前的
17.pride n. 自豪，骄傲
18.primary adj. 最初的；基本的；首要的
19.primitive adj. 原始的，远古的
20.principle n. 原则，原理；准则，规范
21.procedure n. 程序，手续
22.privilege n. 特权，优惠
23.puzzled adj. 迷惑的，困惑的
24.qualification n. 资格，学历
25.questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷
重点短语
1.keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up (with) 赶上；不落在后面
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep...out of 不使……入内；不惹事
keep away from 不(使)接近
记住……
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
keep silent 保持沉默
keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth 制止(防止)……做某事
keep off 使……远离
2.lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead/live a...life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
3.let sb down 让某人失望
let out 放出；泄露
let in 放进；让……进入
4.leave alone 不干涉/打扰；不理，顺其自然
leave behind 留下；丢弃；忘记携带
leave for 动身去
leave out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave...to/with 把……托付给；留/交给
on leave 休假
ask for leave 请假
二、高考阅读理解长难句分析
56. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.
【句式翻译】粉丝过去会对一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众的消费倾向于建立在对名人的兴趣上，这些名人与某种指定的产品有联系。
【句式分析】本句是并列连词but连接的复合句，attached to…作后置定语。
【词语点拨】attach vt. 缚上；系上；附加；连接；构成短语：①attach oneself to依附；热爱，依恋 ② be attached to连在……上，附属于；热爱，依恋③attach importance to认为……重要
Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail the letter. 把邮票贴在信封上，把信寄出去。
The cities attach great importance to the pollution problem. 这些城市非常重视污染问题。
A couple should be deeply attached to each other. 夫妻应该相亲相爱。
The little girl attached herself to her English teacher. 这个小姑娘非常喜欢她的英语老师。
57. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
【句式翻译】他们的研究发现可可含有的可可碱治疗咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被认为是最好的治咳嗽的药。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词codeine，found in cocoa作后置定语。
【词语点拨】consider v.考虑；认为
I’m considering going abroad some day. 我一直考虑有一天出国。
He considered how he should answer the question. 他考虑应当怎样回答这个问题。
At first they considered me as a doctor. 起初他们认为我是医生。
We consider this matter to be very important. 我们认为这件事很重要。
58. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.
【句式翻译】萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出, 在预测一个人未来的成功时, 他的性格，通过情商测验来衡量, 也许比他的智商更为重要。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中包含有一个when引导的省略的状语从句，supported 和predicting在句中作状语。
【词语点拨】suggest vt.建议；表明。当“建议”讲时，后面可以接动名词，接从句时，从句用虚拟语气；当“表明”时，后面的从句常用陈述语气。
His pale face suggested that he was badly ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他病得很厉害。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.=I suggest that we should bring the meeting to an end.
我建议结束会议。
59. For example, many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”-- caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
【句式翻译】例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理电话投诉—未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让等候太久引起投诉。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，many companies作主语，have to invest作谓语，in order to cope作目的状语，caused作后置定语，delays和being cut off作介词by的宾语。
【词语点拨】1）delay v.&n.延迟；耽搁；后面可以接doing作宾语
The passengers were delayed for an hour. 乘客被延误了一个小时。
We decided to delay going on our holiday till next month. 我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。
The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail. 这次罢工严重地延误了邮件的投递。
2）cope with 对付
Do not imagine that you can cope with all the problems.别以为你能处理所有这些问题。
3) cause v.引起；导致 n.原因；事业
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.
在公众中缺少对环境有利的习惯被认为是导致全球气候变化的主要起因。
The cause which attracted him most was the abolition of the slave trade. 最吸引他的事业是废除买卖奴隶。
Could you tell me what caused you to change your mind? 你能告诉我是什么让你改变了主意吗？
60. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA）in salt Lake City.
【句式翻译】据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁着棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始阅读的小孩所需要的。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，dogs作主语，can provide作谓语，shining, wagging和needed都作定语。
【词语点拨】provide vt.提供；构成短语：provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb给某人提供……
These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.
这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。
In a word, we’ll provide you with all good service.
我们将为你们提供最好的服务。
二、宾语从句用法归纳
一)、 宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, if, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。
1. 连词that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义，可以省略；其它带有疑问意义的连接词则不能省略。如：
I know (that) he is a good teacher.
He doesn’t know who first discovered America.
2. whether与if
① 二者都有“是否”的意思，一般可以换用，但在介词之后，不定式之前，与or not连用时，只能用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will support us.
She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in.
② 引导否定的宾语从句时只能用 if。如：
I wonder if he won’t hurt the feeling of his girl friend.
③ 另外引导主语从句（放在句首）、表语从句、同位语从句时，也只能用 whether，不能用if。
3. what
在宾语从句中，引导词 what具有两种含义：
① 保留疑问，即“什么”的意义。
② 相当于“all／everything that”，常译成“……的（东西或事）”。
二)、 宾语从句注意事项
1. 宾语从句无论用哪种连接词来引导，语序都必须用陈述语序，尽管有时有疑问意义。如：Do you know when the lesson will begin?
2. 要注意主、从句时态的一致和相应变化。如：
① 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可根据说话人的需要选择适当的时态。如：
She asks me if I went to Dalian last year.
② 当主句是过去时的时候，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。如：
He said that he would fly to Egypt the next day.
③ 当从句是客观真理、习惯动作或状态时，不受主句时态的限制。如：
The teacher told the children that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. it作形式宾语
在“谓语+ it + 宾补 + 宾语从句”结构中，it用作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。如：
I thought it strange that he failed to call me.
三、宾语从句考点梳理
【知识梳理1】 宾语从句的关系词及类型
1. 宾语从句的关系词
连接词：从属连词，连接代词，连接副词
引导词有连词that (that 常可省略), whether, if;
代词有who, whose, what ,which；
副词 when ,where, how, why 等。
2. 及物动词后的宾语从句：
1）由从属连词引导的宾语从句
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
2）由连接代词引导的宾语从句
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3）由连接副词引导的宾语从句
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
3介词后的宾语从句：
1）I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
2）The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.
4. 某些形容词后的宾语从句：
1）I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
2）We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.
5. 非谓语动词后的宾语从句：
1）Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
2）On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible”.
6. 形式宾语it 引导的宾语从句，一般谓语动词是及物动词 consider、find、make、regard、see、take、think等
1）We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
2）I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.
3）He always takes it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.
【知识梳理2】宾语从句的语序与语态
1. 从句要用称述句语序
I’m not sure when they will start.
He told me why he didn’t come yesterday.
2. 宾语从句的时态特点
宾语从句的时态有时受主句时态的影响。
1） 主句使用现在时（包括一般现在时与现在完成时）时，从句可以使用任何时态，从句时态可以与主句一致，也可以根据从句本身的需要使用各种时态。
I think you are right.
I think you were wrong at that time.
I think she’ll come in time.
I think he has already finished his homework.
I doubt whether he is telling the truth.
She has told me that she has never been to the Great Wall.
2）主句使用过去时，从句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态以外，一律使用过去时态。
He said that the earth turns around the sun .
从句中含有过去时间状语时，使用一般过去时。
I didn’t think he was wrong yesterday.
从句中没有过去时间状语，但谈论的是过去发生的事实或从句含有完成时态状语时，常用过去完成时。
I didn’t think he had been wrong .
从句中含有将来时间状语或虽不含有时间状语，但却是谈论未来发生的事实，使用过去将来时。
I wondered whether you would mind doing me a favor.
3. 要注意的几个问题
1）后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
2）不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句”结构中，常见的有: envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
当堂知识检测
一、单项选择
1．It is generally considered unwise to give a child________ he or she wants.
A．however B．whatever
C．whichever D．whenever
2．—Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on ________ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A．that B．what C．whether D．/
3．The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________I thought was a dangerous speed.
A．as B．what C．which D．that
4．Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales please?
A．whom B．who C．what D．that
5．They acknowledge ________, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to ________ found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages.
A．where; ones B．that; those C．that; them D．what; which
6．We all heard ________ last week ________ the film The Myth of Love would hit the screen in the following month.
A．it ... how B．it ... that C．that ... / D．that ... that
7．Hawking was also recognised ________ his successful research on black holes and he was able to prove ________ small amounts of radiation could escape black hole gravitational pull.
A．as ... how B．as ... why C．for ... what D．for ... that
8．—Have you finished reading the book?
—No. I’ve read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
9．The award will go to________ has the most beautiful collection of stamps.
A．who B．the one C．anyone D．whoever
10．Can you imagine ________ he had completing his study in the university?
A．what difficult B．how difficult
C．which difficulty D．what difficulty
11．Graduates today get more creative in their career pursuits, and can quickly respond to and change with _____ the market demands.
A．when B．which C．what D．that
12．I will recommend the chain store to ________ is interested in good quality and excellent service.
A．what B．which C．whatever D．whoever
13．Though Emma congratulates herself on her success, she sometimes wonders will happen to her private life.
A．it B．what C．which D．that
14．Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time or vacation work while you’re at college, make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before taking action. 包含几个从句?
A．One B．Two C．Three. D．Four
15．Jane published the first book on ______ then called hysteria but which we now refer to as PTSD．
A．it was B．that was C．what was D．something that
16．The new school was built in ________ used to be a supermarket.
A．where B．which C．what D．that
17．As the hours passed, people began to realise ________ difficult life was for the deaf.
A．how B．why C．however D．what
18．—Do you know ________ I chose this cafe?
—You like the music here.
A．why B．where C．when D．whether
19．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him ________.
A．what would happen B．what happened C．what to happen D．what had happened
20．The WHO official calls on all the governments over the world to take ________ measures we think the best to stop the pandemic of Covid- 19.
A．whose B．that C．whatever D．no matter which
21．I don’t know will accompany you to go to the concert tonight.
A．whom B．what C．whose D．who
22．Lincoln gave them a new vision of ________ the United States of America should be, ________ on the ideals ________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
A．which; based; setting B．where; basing; set
C．what; based; set D．where; basing; setting
23．They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of ________would be considered a very poor family.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
24．How long do you think ________ the computer company brings a new product?
A．it will be before B．will it be until C．will it be when D．it will be that
25．I must find out ______ so many students made the same mistake.
A．why it was that B．why was it that
C．it was why that D．was it why that
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
26．The first time I met him on ___________ (校园), he made himself known to me. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
27．He made a good ___________ (印象) on the interviewers. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
28．Their ________(婚礼) is very traditional. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
29．The water in this river is so ________(浅的) that we can walk across it. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
30．The company is very large and it has more than 100 ________(分公司) all over the world. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
31．Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know his thinking and________(性格). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
32．Birds rest on the ________(树枝) of the apple tree as if they wanted to take a close look at the spring. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
33．This dictionary ________ (使能够) you to understand English words well. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
34．There are ________(各种各样的)stores and restaurants all under the roof. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
35．Everyone wants to leave a good _______(印象) on others.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
36．Look at the workers! They ________ (雕刻) symbols on the iron now. (根据汉语提示填空)
37．It was a ______(宽慰)to her to realize that she was not the only one with this problem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
38．As a child, I was ______(包围) by love and kindness of my parents. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
39．We cannot always ________(遵守) the traditions handed down to us from the past. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
40．Now a new study shows the bees’ tiny insect brains may be able to connect ________ (符号) to numbers. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
三、汉译英（整句）
41．知道有许多人欣赏我所做的事真让我开心。(汉译英)
42．我写信是想询问你是否愿意帮助我们评判最终的比赛。(汉译英)
43．神话故事的存在证明了人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想。(date) (汉译英)
44．语言学习对人类大脑的影响堪称神奇。(nothing) (汉译英)
45．这本科幻小说的结局使读者领悟到，如若继续忽视对自然平衡的保护，人类终将自食其果。(awaken) (汉译英)
46．他告诉我们他已经通过了驾照考试。(pass) (汉译英)
47．我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,要归功于我的健康生活。(due to) (汉译英)
48．一方面，人们认为机器人很重要;另一方面，人们认为他们对社会有负面影响。(on the one hand; on the other hand) (汉译英)
49．这个男孩坚持设备应该关掉来节约能源。(insist+从句) （汉译英）
50．老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些不可控的事情即将发生。(horizon) (汉译英)
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：无论孩子想要什么就给什么，通常被认为是不明智的。句中涉及动词短语give sb. sth.，在从句中作直接宾语，从句中缺少wants宾语，指物，且根据句意可知，此处表示“无论什么”，应填连接代词whatever。故选B。
2．C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——我们可以在周末之前准备好一切吗？—— 这完全取决于我们能否得到格林先生的合作。分析句子结构可知，此空处位于动词短语之后，需要连词引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处选择whether表示“是否”，符合句意。故选C项。
3．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，我哥哥开车在街上行驶，我认为这是一个危险的速度。分析句子结构可知，空处引导介词at的宾语从句，I thought为插入语，所以从句中缺少主语。故选B。
4．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我可以和负责国际销售的人通话吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词to后面宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，指人，用连接词who引导。whom指人，作宾语；what“什么”的意思；that不做成分。故选B。
5．B
【详解】考查宾语从句与动词短语辨析。句意：他们承认，在少数情况下，家庭教育提供的教育机会优于大多数公立学校，但很少有家长能够提供这样的教育优势。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格前“acknowledge (承认)”是动词，后面接宾语从句，“home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those found in most public schools (家庭教育提供的教育机会优于大多数公立学校)”句子成分不缺，句意完整，因此使用“that”引导。固定短语“superior to” 意思是“优于”，介词后面接宾语，需要填名词或代词，因为下文中出现“educational advantages (教育优势)”是复数名词短语，因此要用“those”指代。而第二空格后的短语“found in most public schools (大多数公立学校有的)”是过去分词短语后置修饰those。故选B项。
6．B
【详解】考查代词和宾语从句。句意：上周我们都听说电影《爱的神话》将在下个月上映。分析句子，第一空中缺少宾语，故使用代词it作宾语，其为形式宾语，真正的宾语为第二空引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分，无意义，只起到连接作用，故用that。故选B。
7．D
【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。句意：霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可，他能够证明少量辐射可以逃脱黑洞的引力。分析句子，句中be recognised as为固定短语，意为“被视为”；be recognised for意为“因……而被认可”，第一空中表示“霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可”应该用be recognised for；同时，第二空引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分只起到引导作用且无意义，应该用that。故选D。
8．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——你读完这本书了吗？——没有。我已经读到孩子们发现这个秘密洞穴。A. which哪一个；B. what什么，……的东西；C. that（没有意义）；D. where……的地方。空处引导宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，但需要“……的地方”作状语，故用where引导。故选D。
9．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个奖将颁给收集最漂亮邮票的人。A. who谁；B. the one特指，一个；C. anyone任何人；D. whoever无论谁。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故选D。
10．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你能想象他在完成大学学业时遇到了什么困难吗?动词imagine后是宾语从句，“做某事有困难”是have difficulty doing something。用what+名词引导宾语从句。which+名词表示一定范围内的选择，题干没有指出困难的范围。故选D。
11．C
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：今天的毕业生在他们的职业追求中更有创造性，可以根据市场的需求快速响应和改变。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词性从句的引导词，在句中作demands的宾语，应用连接代词what。故选C项。
12．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我将向任何对质量和服务感兴趣的人推荐这家连锁店。A. what什么，……的东西；B. which哪一个；C. whatever无论什么；D. whoever无论谁，任何人。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语；结合句意，此处是指任何人，为泛指，应用whoever。故选D。
13．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然艾玛为自己的成功感到庆幸，但她有时也想知道自己的个人生活会发生什么。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导动词wonders的宾语从句，并指代事情在从句中做主语，所以应该是what。故选B项。
14．C
【详解】考查句子结构分析。句意：无论你决定在大学期间做兼职或假期工作，在采取行动之前请务必考虑以下问题。分析句子结构可知，该句一共包含三个从句，分别是Whatever引导的主语从句；while引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。故选C。
15．C
【详解】考查宾语从句和动词时态语态。句意：简出版了第一本关于歇斯底里症的书现在我们称之为创伤后应激障碍。设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作指物的主语，应用what；从句的主语和谓语之间是被动关系，事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故选C。
16．C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这所新学校建在过去是超市的地方。分析句子可知，空处应填引导一个宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，并在从句中作主语，所以应填连接代词what。故选C项。
17．A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到聋人的生活是多么的艰难。跟在动词realise之后，此处为宾语从句。再结合空格后的形容词difficult可知，此处用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。
18．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你知道我为什么选择这家咖啡馆吗？——你喜欢这里的音乐。A. why为什么；B. where哪里；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。根据句意可知，此处为连词why“为什么”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
19．D
【详解】考查宾语从句和过去完成时。句意：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。分析句子，设空处用what引导的宾语从句，同时happen该动作发生在ask之前，主语asked为一般过去时，故从句表示的是动作发生在过去的过去，即使用过去完成时，应用had done。故选D。
20．C
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：世界卫生组织官员呼吁世界各国政府采取我们认为最好的措施来阻止新冠肺炎肺炎的流行。A. whose谁的；B. that那个；C. whatever任何…都；D. no matter which不论哪一个。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，whatever measures表示“无论什么样的措施”。故选C。
21．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道今晚谁陪你去听音乐会。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作know的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且主语指的是“陪你去听音乐会”的人，应用连接代词who。故选D。
22．C
【详解】考查宾语从句以及非谓语动词。句意：林肯以八十七年前开国元勋们确立的理想为基础，向他们展示了他们美利坚合众国的新愿景。分析句子成分可知，空1后面的从句为介词of的宾语从句，且从句中缺表语；空2后的句子“on the ideals ________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.”是过去分词作状语；空3后的句子谓语与名词ideals是被动关系，为过去分词作定语。故选C项。
23．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们在一个被认为是极度贫困家庭的农场里住了几天几夜。分析句子可知，“______would be considered a very poor family”是介词of后宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故选D项。
24．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。句意：你认为电脑公司要多久才能推出新产品？根据句子结构，设空处+the computer company brings a new product放于动词think之后为宾语从句，宾语从句中要使用陈述语序，故排除B和C两选项。根据句意，it will be+一段时间+before+一般现在时，为固定句型，意为“还需要过多久才能...”，before之前表示事情将要发生，应用一般将来时。故选A。
25．A
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：我必须弄清楚为什么这么多学生犯同样的错误。分析句子可知，“____ so many students made the same mistake.”是宾语从句；结合句意和选项可知，从句中使用了强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：why was it that (so many students made the same mistake?)，因作宾语从句，用陈述句语序：why it was that (so many students made the same mistake)。故选A项。
26．campus
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在校园里第一次见到他时，他向我介绍了自己。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示“校园”含义的名词为campus，短语on campus在校园、在校内，故填campus。
27．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：他给面试官留下了很好的印象。good是形容词，修饰名词，“印象”的名词是impression，作宾语，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填impression。
28．wedding
【详解】考查名词。句意：婚礼很传统。根据句意和汉语提示应填wedding“婚礼”作主语，由is可知用单数，故填wedding。
29．shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这条河里的水太浅了，我们可以步行穿过它。根据句意和所给汉语提示分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作表语，且意义为“浅的”，所以应该用形容词shallow。故填shallow。
30．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司非常大，在世界各地有100多个分公司。根据“The company is very large”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch作has的宾语，且空前有more than 100，意为“100多个”，branch需用复数形式branches。故填branches。
31．personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过一个人的笔迹，人们可以了解他的思想和性格。根据汉语提示可知，作宾语，应用名词personality，故填personality。
32．branches
【详解】考查名词。句意：鸟儿们在苹果树的树枝上休息，好像想近距离观察春天。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，名词branch符合题意，作宾语，不止一根树枝，用复数形式。故填branches。
33．enables
【详解】考查动词。句意：这本词典使你能很好地理解英语单词。“使能够”为动词enable，作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词enable应用三单形式，故填enables。
34．various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：楼下有各种各样的商店和餐馆。“各种各样的”应用形容词various作定语，修饰名词stories and restaurants，故填various。
35．impression
【详解】考查名词。句意：每个人都想给别人留下好印象。分析句子可知，此空应填可数名词单数，再根据中文提示可知，表示“印象”应填impression，在本句中作宾语。故填impression。
36．are carving
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：看那些工人!他们正在铁器上刻符号。根据汉语提示“雕刻”是carve，now提示用现在进行时，主语是they，谓语用复数。故填are carving。
37．relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：意识到她不是唯一有这个问题的人，这让她松了一口气。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的冠词可知空白处填名词，根据汉语提示，表示“宽慰”含义的名词为relief，故填relief。
38．surrounded
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：作为一个孩子，我被父母的爱和善良所包围。“包围”是句中谓语动词，用surround表示，与主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词surrounded与助动词was构成一般过去时态的被动语态。故填surrounded。
39．observe
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能总是遵守过去传给我们的传统。根据句意和汉语提示可知，表示“遵守”应用动词observe，在本句中作谓语，且cannot后面接动词原形。故填observe。
40．symbols
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：现在，一项新的研究表明，蜜蜂小小的昆虫大脑可能能够将符号与数字联系起来。“符号”表达为名词symbol，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，故用名词复数，作动词connect的宾语。故填symbols。
41．Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done, I feel really delighted.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。“知道”使用动词know，“有许多人欣赏我做的事情”译为一个宾语从句，作know的宾语，从句使用一般现在时，“很多”使用固定短语a lot of，“欣赏”使用动词appreciate，“我做的事情”译为宾语从句what I have done，作动词appreciate的宾语，know后的宾语从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，动词know和本句主语I之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，即Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done，“真让我开心”译为feel really delighted，feel用作系动词，形容词delighted作表语，故翻译为：Knowing that a lot of people appreciate what I have done, I feel really delighted.。
42．I am writing to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge the final competition.
【详解】考查动词和宾语从句。表示“我正在写信去询问”应该使用现在进行时，即I am writing to ask；表示“是否”用whether，引导的是宾语从句；表示“愿意做某事”用be willing to do，表示“帮助我们评判”用help us judge；表示“最终的比赛”用the final competition。故翻译为：I am writing to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge the final competition。
43．The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。表示“神话故事的存在”用the existence of fairy tales；表示“证明”用prove，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想”，该结构中that引导宾语从句，date from意为“追溯至”，一般现在时，即that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times。故翻译为The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
44．Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
【详解】考查时态、形容词比较级、宾语从句和名词短语。根据句意，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，根据提示词nothing (没有什么)，本句含义可以表达为“没有什么比语言学习对人类大脑的影响更加神奇了”，因此可以用比较级的形式nothing is more amazing than...来表达，意为：没有什么比……更加令人惊奇；“语言学习对人类大脑的影响”可以用宾语从句表达，译为：what language learning does to the human brain，位于“than”后。故答案为：Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
45．The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit.
【详解】考查一般现在时，一般将来时和宾语从句。表示“这本科幻小说的结局”用the end of this science fiction novel；表示“唤醒，领悟”用awaken sb that；表示“继续忽视对自然平衡的保护”用continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature，表示“自食其果”用eat one's own bitter fruit，此处表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。故翻译为：The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit。
46．He told us that he had passed the driving test already.
【详解】考查宾语从句、动词。分析句子结构，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，引导词在宾语从句中不做成分，使用that引导宾语从句。表示“告诉”含义的动词为：tell；表示“我们”含义的宾格代词为：us；表示“驾照考试”含义的词为the driving test；分析句子结构，句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，所以主句谓语动词用一般过去时，因宾语从句的谓语动词表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前，应使用过去完成时形式，故翻译为：He told us that he had passed the driving test already.
47．I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
【详解】考查时态，短语和从句。根据句意可知，用一般现在时，分析句子可知，句子是主从复合句，主句I think“我想”，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导宾语从句，主语my long and active life表示“我之所以长寿而且精力充沛”，must“肯定”，due to“因为”，表示“归功于”，the healthy life“健康的生活”，I live“我过得”，作定语修饰life，故译为I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
48．On the one hand, some people think that robots are very important; on the other hand, others believe that they have negative effects on the society.
【详解】考查从句和时态。根据题干要求，需用on the one hand; on the other hand句型，意为“一方面，另一方面”，“人们认为机器人很重要”可用宾语从句，主句是“人们认为”译为“some people think”，“机器人很重要”为that引导的宾语从句，译为“robots are very important”，“人们认为他们对社会有负面影响”同样可用宾语从句，主句是“人们认为”译为“others believe”，“他们对社会有负面影响”为that引导的宾语从句，译为“they have negative effects on the society”。本句为一般现在时。故译为：On the one hand, some people think that robots are very important; on the other hand, others believe that they have negative effects on the society.
49．The boy insisted that the equipment should be turned off to save energy.
【详解】考查虚拟语气、宾语从句、非谓语动词和时态语态。表示“坚持”用insist后面加宾语从句，表示过去的事情用一般过去时。insist翻译为坚持主张时，从句用should加动词原形，主语“设备”是equipment和“关掉”turn off是被动关系，用should加be done，“为了节约能源”，用动词不定式表示目的，to save energy，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The boy insisted that the equipment should be turned off to save energy.
50．It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
【详解】考查固定句型、原因状语从句、宾语从句和固定短语。由句意可知，本句应用一般现在时，表示客观事实。“老年人的一个常见习惯是……”可用固定句型It is a common habit among the elderly to do sth表达，It为形式主语，动词不定式to do sth为真正的主语；“囤积大量生活用品”可译为动词短语store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities，表达“以备不时之需”可用介词短语in case of emergencies；故“老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，”可译为It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies。“一部分原因是”可译为连词because引导的原因状语从句，即partly because...，“他们总是觉得……”可用they always feel that...来翻译，that引导宾语从句，“某些不可控的事情”应译为something uncontrollable，根据提示词，“即将发生”应译为be on the horizon；故“一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些不可控的事情即将发生。”可译为partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon。故答案为：It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
课后巩固提高
四、阅读理解
Born in 1983 in Arizona, US, Jessica has learned to live her life with her feet, She was born without arms, and no doctors could figure out why.
There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “ normal” life. However, Jessica’s father said, “ I have never shed a tear about her birth condition. ” With the support of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to explore the world with her feet.
As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When the first performance arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no back row. Nervously, she took the stage with the other students and performed her routine. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and confidence to continue dancing for 14 years.
After graduating from high school, Jessica attended the University of Arizona, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology. When talking about her major, she frequently explains that Psychology has a great effect on her life, helping her out of a physical limitation.
During college, Jessica signed up for a club of taekwondo (跆拳道) and learned all of the colour belt materials. The instructors created a course that would be accessible to any future armless students. Jessica became the first, armless person to earn a black belt in the club.
Jessica’s most famous accomplishment was learning how to fly. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to find the right aircraft. She earned herself a place in the Guinness World Records for being the first person permitted to fly an airplane with only her feet.
Now Jessica works as a motivational lecturer. She travels around the world sharing her story and encouraging people to be creative with the slogan“ Think outside the shoe”。
51．What encouraged Jessica to keep dancing for so many years?
A．The support of her family. B．Her dance teacher’s words.
C．The help of the other students. D．Her success in the first performance.
52．Why did Jessica major in Psychology in university?
A．Psychology is the best subject in her university.
B．Psychology can bring her a good job in tie future.
C．Psychology can help her go beyond her disability.
D．Psychology is fit for an armless student.
53．What’s Jessica’s greatest achievement?
A．Flying an airplane with her feet. B．Finding the right aircraft.
C．Speaking as a motivational lecturer. D．Travelling around the world.
54．What’s the best title of the text?
A．A Talented Girl, Jessica B．A Motivational Speaker
C．Exploring the World with Feet D．Being Creative as a Student
Have you ever run out of coffee or tea and found no eggs in the fridge? No bread for the sandwich and the nearest shop is too far away? Well, all that can change in the future.
If all goes well, the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems. In the future, all kitchen units will be connected to the Internet. The intelligent future kitchen will give wise advice on planning your menu for the day. Worried about your weight?It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health. It will even keep in mind your likes and dislikes!
Designed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this smart kitchen promises to pay attention to all your needs. The computer system will help keep an“ eye”on the fridge. If the fridge is empty, the kitchen will automatically call and place an order at the local supermarket. So you don’t have to worry about it at all.
You get home late, and don’t know what to make from the collection of ingredients in your fridge. A while back you might have ordered a takeout but now, instead of worrying about eating a collection of this and that, you’re excited. You can pull out each vegetable, and pass each one in front of a web camera next to your fridge. A few moments later, a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.
After dinner, you take your plates to a box next to the sink. You don’t have to clean them, your machine does. It produces new plates every time you need to eat. Later in the evening, you phone your other half, who is on a business trip halfway around the world. As you drink your cup of hot coffee, it makes your other half’s cup change colour on the other side of the world, another special way to keep in touch.
55．How will the problem mentioned in the first paragraph be solved?
A．By the intelligent kitchen itself. B．By finding a good housekeeper.
C．After you call the supermarket. D．After you buy great amounts of food.
56．What may the kitchen of the future help you do?
A．Lose weight fast. B．Keep a healthy diet.
C．Cook delicious food. D．Clean the fridge in time.
57．What does the underlined word “ ingredients” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Data. B．Opinions. C．Materials. D．Fruits.
58．What does the fourth paragraph tell us about the smart kitchen?
A．It will order a takeout for you if you get home late.
B．It has a big colour television and some web cameras.
C．It can pull out all the vegetables from your fridge.
D．It can give a suitable recipe according to your ingredients.
参考答案：
51．D 52．C 53．A 54．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生来就没有双臂的女孩杰西卡，身残志坚，靠着双脚完成大学学业，从事各种兴趣爱好，使生命尽情绽放的励志故事。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and confidence to continue dancing for 14 years.”（当她结束表演时，观众的掌声给了她继续跳舞14年的鼓励和信心。）可知，支持她多年跳舞的动力是第一次表演获得的鼓励和认可。故选D项。
52．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“When talking about her major, she frequently explains that Psychology has a great effect on her life, helping her out of a physical limitation.”（在谈到自己的专业时，她经常说心理学对她的生活有很大的影响，帮助她摆脱了身体上的限制。）可知，心理学使她摆脱了身体的残疾，故而决定选择该专业。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Jessica’s most famous accomplishment was learning how to fly.”（杰西卡最著名的成就是学会了飞行。）可知，没有双臂的女孩杰西卡学会了开飞机，这是她最大的成就。故选A项。
54．主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“With the support of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to explore the world with her feet.”（在父母和家人的支持下，作为一个成年人，杰西卡变得自信起来，继续用她的脚去探索这个世界。）并结合下文杰西卡在各个领域取得的成绩可知，文章主要讲述了生来就没有双臂的女孩杰西卡靠着双脚探索世界的故事。故选C项。
55．A 56．B 57．C 58．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来的智能厨房。
55．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you ever run out of coffee or tea and found no eggs in the fridge? No bread for the sandwich and the nearest shop is too far away? Well, all that can change in the future.(你有没有过咖啡或茶用完了，冰箱里又没有鸡蛋的经历?没有面包做三明治，最近的商店又太远?这一切在未来都可能改变。)”和第二段中“If all goes well, the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems.(如果一切顺利，智能未来厨房将很快帮你解决所有问题。)”可知，第一段提到的问题将由未来智能厨房解决。故选A项。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The intelligent future kitchen will give wise advice on planning your menu for the day. Worried about your weight?It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health. (智能未来厨房将为你规划当天的菜单提供明智的建议。担心你的体重?它会告诉你正确的饮食和什么对你的健康有益。)”可知，未来的厨房能帮你保持健康的饮食。故选B项。
57．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“You get home late, and don’t know what to make from the collection of ingredients in your fridge.(你回家晚了，不知道用冰箱里的ingredients做什么。)”中“what to make from”和“in your fridge”可知，ingredients是冰箱里的东西，可以用来制作食物，由此推知，ingredients指制作食物的“材料”。故选C项。
58．细节理解题。根据第四段中“You can pull out each vegetable, and pass each one in front of a web camera next to your fridge. A few moments later, a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.(你可以把每一种蔬菜都拿出来，放到冰箱旁边的网络摄像头前。过了一会儿，你冰箱上的屏幕就会显示一份美味的食谱。)”可知，智能厨房可以根据你的食材给出合适的食谱。故选D项。
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