2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：1.1



[话题单词]
1．friendship n． 友谊
2．friendly adj. 友好的
3．honest adj. 诚实的
4．trust v． 信任，信赖
5．warm－hearted adj. 热心的
6．considerate adj. 体贴的
7．grateful adj. 感激的
8．communicate v． 交流，沟通
9．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
10．determined adj. 坚决的
11．independent adj. 独立的
12．selfless adj. 无私的
13．humorous adj. 幽默的
14．precious adj. 珍贵的
15．understanding adj. 通情达理的
[话题短语]
1．believe in信任
2．know sb.really well 熟知某人
3．be concerned about关心
4．turn to sb.for help向某人求助
5．make friends with和某人交朋友
6．get on/along(well) with相处融洽
7．be willing/ready to help others乐于助人
8．share happiness as well as sorrow同甘共苦
9．promote friendship增进友谊
10．be loyal to对……忠诚
[话题佳句]
1．A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅。
2．A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
3．She shares my troubles as well as my joys.她与我同甘共苦。
4．A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
5．I hope to know more friends and I also hope to find a close friend.
我希望认识更多的朋友，也希望能找到一位知己。
6．A friend is someone whom you could tell everything to，like your deepest feelings and thoughts and also the one who understands what you are going through.
朋友是那个你可以向他倾诉一切，比如你内心深处的感情和想法，并且懂得你所正在经历的事情的人。
[佳作背诵]
假设你是红星中学学生李华，你的外国笔友Leslie最近参加了一次学校电视主持人(TV host)的面试，但是没有通过，心情不好。请你给Leslie发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表示安慰；
2．给予鼓励；
3．提出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Leslie，
I'm sorry to know you are frustrated recently due to the fact that you failed in the interview of your school TV host.Frankly，if I were put in your shoes，I would feel even worse.
However，as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”So there is no point in worrying about it any more.As a matter of fact，you are always intelligent.Although I can't make out what might account for this dissatisfaction.it's a good idea to reflect on the whole process of the interview，which will make it possible for you to learn a lot from it，I am fully convinced that you'll surely be more experienced next time.
I sincerely hope you'll cheer up as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①ignore vt.不理睬；忽视
②pack v．捆扎；包装；打行李 n．小包；包裹
③upset adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的 vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻
④dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘
⑤suffer v．遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难
⑥recover vt. & vi.痊愈；重新获得→recovery n．康复；痊愈；复得
⑦settle v．定居，安家；停留；解决；安排→settlement n．定居点；解决
⑧disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree v．同意→agreement n．同意
⑨power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
⑩concern vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；利害关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
2．阅读单词
①dislike n. & vt.厌恶
②loose adj.松的；松开的
③teenager n．十几岁的青少年
④partner n．搭档，合作者
⑤tip n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt.倾斜；翻倒
⑥swap vt.交换，交易，交流
⑦item n．项目；条款；一件；一则(条)
⑧exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地
exact adj.精确的；准确的
⑨outdoors adv.在户外，在野外
outdoor adj.户外的，露天的
⑩entire adj.整个的；完全的
entirely adv.完全地；整个地
用左栏所给单词的适当形式填空
1．All the furniture is dusty (dust)；I guess the room has been empty for a long time.
2．It's hard to say exactly (exact)how many Jews he saved during the Second World War.
3．Tom disagreed (agree)with his father，so they quarreled with each other.
4．Settled (settle) in a friendly way，their quarrel came to an end.
5．The entire village was destroyed.It now looked entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
6．After he came to power，everyone said he was a powerful leader，but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter.(power)
7．The doctor said her father would recover soon and we wish her father would make a full recovery from the operation.(recover)
8．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What's worse，he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
9．A fly kept upsetting the boy.He was so upset that he upset the cup on the desk.(upset)
10．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I'm concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.(concern)

1．“感谢”家族
①grateful adj.感激的；
gratitude n．感激
②appreciate v．感激，感谢；
appreciation n．感激
③thank v．感谢；
thankful adj.感激的
④acknowledge v．鸣谢，感谢；
acknowledgement n．鸣谢，感谢
2．表示“能力；力量”的单词荟萃
①power n．权力；能力；力量
②ability n．能力
③competence n．能力；胜任
④energy n．精力；能源
⑤force n．武力
⑥strength n．力量
3．dis－否定前缀高频词集锦
①disappear vi.消失
②disappoint vt.使失望
③discourage vt.使气馁
④discover vt.发现
⑤disobey vt.不服从
⑥disability n．残疾
⑦disadvantage n．不利条件；弱点
4．“adv.＋n.”构成的合成词
①outdoors adv.在户外；在野外
outdoor adj.户外的，露天的
②indoors adv.在室内；往室内
indoor adj.室内的，户内的
③upstairs adv.在楼上；往楼上
adj.楼上的
④downstairs adv.在楼下；往楼下
adj.楼下的
⑤uptown adv.在/向住宅区
adj.(位于市镇外围)住宅区的
⑥downtown adv.在商业/闹市区
adj.商业区的，闹市区的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词(＋名词)
①add up合计
②calm(...) down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
③go through经历；经受；完成；仔细检查
④set down记下；放下；登记
⑤suffer from遭受；患病
⑥pack (sth.) up将(东西)装箱打包
⑦join in参加；加入
⑧fall in love相爱；爱上
2．介词＋名词
①on purpose故意地；有目的地
②at dusk 在黄昏时刻
3．be/get＋过去分词/副词＋介词
①be concerned about关心；挂念
②get/be tired of对……厌烦
③get along/on with与……相处；进展
4．其他形式
①face to face 面对面地
②in order to 为了……
③a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
④have got to不得不；必须
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The Browns are busy packing up；they are leaving for Hong Kong for their holidays.
2．Lucy fell in love with dancing when she was little and wanted to be a dancer when she grows up.
3．The government has taken a series of measures to improve the air quality.
4．She joined in their discussion and learned a lot from the students.
5．If I didn't set the tips down，I might forget all about them.
6．They started out early in the morning but arrived at the small town at dusk.
7．You must remember：Almost everyone had gone through many difficulties before they succeeded.
8．In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10.

1．动词＋down(写、记)短语小结
①write down写下
②copy down抄下
③put down记下
④note down记下
⑤set down记下；放下；登记
⑥take down记下，记录
2．go短语荟萃
①go about走来走去，(谣言等)流传
②go across走过，越过
③go after追逐，追求，跟随
④go against反对，不利于
⑤go ahead前进，进展，继续
⑥go up上升，上涨，增加
⑦go through审查，履行，通过，经历，忍受
3．动词＋up短语一览
①add up合计
②do up整理
③pack up装箱打包
④fix up修理，安排，装置
⑤clear up整理，收拾，放晴
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
while walking the dog为状语从句的省略句式。
爬山时，我们欣赏到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
before 引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才”。
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one .
3.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
it's ...that...是强调句型。
直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名，而且它的天气也很有名。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.
这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has(have)/had done sth.“这/那是某人第一次做某事”。
这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使我们都很吃惊。
It is the third time that she has won the race ，which has surprised us all.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Good Friend
Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain，a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase.He planned 1.to leave(leave) home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors.He had got to do this 2.because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any 3.longer(long)．He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him 4.on purpose.As a result，his score in each exam never added up to over 60.
His partner 5.was concerned(concern) about him very much.She understood exactly 6.what he was suffering from，but 7.entirely(entire) disagreed with his idea.In order to calm him down and settle his problem，she talked with him face to face and 8.swapped(swap) a series of learning tips with him.The 9.items(item) she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.
10．The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words.Now，he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.
Note：nagging /'nægɪŋ/ adj. 唠叨的，挑剔的


add vt.&vi.增加；添加；补充说
(教材原句)Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。
拓展词：addition n．加；(数)加法；增加
additional adj.附加的，另外的
(1)in addition 另外；此外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外
(2)add sth.to sth.把某物加到/进某物里
add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to增加；增添
add that...补充说……
add up合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
(1)Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.
记住：小进步成就大梦想。
(2)As is known to all，good friends add happiness and value to life.众所周知，好朋友会给生活增加快乐，使生活更有意义。
(3)写作能力提升
三加四等于七。
①Three added to four makes/equals seven.(add to)
②Three and four add(s) up to seven.(add up to)
③If you add three to four，you will get seven.(add...to...)
(4)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.补充说
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional(addition) benefits beyond being physically fit.




concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n．关心；关注；关系
(教材原句)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.
告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈。
拓展词：concerned adj.担心的；感兴趣的(作前置定语)；有关的；参与的(作后置定语)
concerning prep.关于，有关
(1)be concerned about/over/for关心；挂念；担心
be concerned with/in与……有关；涉及
as/so far as...be concerned就……而言
(2)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心
It's no concern of mine/yours.这不关我/你的事。
[要点释疑]
(1)concern用作名词，表示“关怀，关心”时是不可数名词，而表示“对某人来说重要或感兴趣的事”时是可数名词。
(2)concerned是形容词，用作前置定语时，意思是“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；用作后置定语时，意为“有关的，涉及的”。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authority concerned有关当局。
(1)As far as I am concerned，both health and wealth are important to our life.
在我看来，健康和财富对我们的生活都很重要。
(2)单句语法填空
①He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company.
②The book is mainly concerned with the situation in that country.
③The president expressed great concern about/for the traffic incident.
(3)写作能力提升
如果我们都能去关心其他有需求的人，这个世界就会成为更美好的生活之地。
①If we could show concern for others in need，the world would be a better place to live in.
②If we could concern ourselves about others in need，the world would be a better place to live in.
③If we could be concerned about/for others in need，the world would be a better place to live in.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns(concern) about increased screen time.
suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
(教材原句)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。
拓展词：suffering n．[U]痛苦；苦难[pl.]痛苦；苦恼
sufferer n．受害者；患者
(1)suffer vt.遭受；蒙受，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语
(2)suffer vi.后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”
[要点释疑]
(1)suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。
(2)suffer作及物动词，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等词作宾语；suffer from中from表示原因，意为“因……而受苦”。
(1)A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering (suffer)from the floods.
已经募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受洪灾的人们。
(2)写作能力提升
Because they had suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake，they got help from all over the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→Having suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake，they got help from all over the world.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)If a neighbor suffers (suffer) an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.




settle vt. 使定居；安排；解决
vi. 安家；定居；停留
(教材原句)She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place，because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她发现很难在藏身地安稳地住下来，因为她非常担心是否他们会被发现。
拓展词：settler n．移民；殖民者
settlement n．定居；解决；协议
(1)settle down安居下来；使平静下来
(2)settle down to sth.开始认真对待某事
(3)settle in在……居住；安顿下来
(4)settle on/upon就……达成协议；最后决定
(1)Having settled in a beautiful village，he settled down to his research.在美丽如画的乡村安顿下来后，他着手认真进行他的研究。
(2)单句语法填空
①With the difficult problem settled (settle)，he went to the cinema with his friends.
②They failed to reach a settlement (settle)，because they disagreed too much with each other.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling(settle) down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled(settle) and fewer in number.
recover vt&vi.痊愈；恢复；重新获得
(教材原句)How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty?
在这样脏的、布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会好呢？
拓展词：recovery n．恢复；复苏；痊愈；取回；复得
(1)make a recovery from...(＝recover from...)从……中恢复过来
an economic recovery经济复苏
(2)recover one's strength/balance恢复体力/身体平衡
recover from从……中恢复过来
recover oneself镇定下来，恢复知觉
(1)Police have recovered (recover)the stolen car.
警察已找回被盗的汽车。
(2)单句语法填空
①With the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.
②The owner has offered a reward for the recovery (recover) of the stolen goods.

go through 经历；经受；检查；完成；(法案等)通过；浏览
(教材原句)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through?
或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？
go ahead 前进；请说(做)吧
go against 背叛；违背；违反
go back(to...) 回来；追溯到……
go by 走过(某处)；(时间)过去，流逝
go on 继续
go out 外出；(火、灯)熄灭
go over 越过……；温习
(1)Although he has gone through ups and downs，I believe he will succeed one day.
虽然他一直经历沉浮，但我相信他总有一天会成功的。
(2)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①The old man went through a lot of suffering during the war.经历
②The doctor will go through the operation soon.完成；做完
③I went through the students' papers last night.仔细检查
④I seem to be going through a lot of money at the moment.花完，用掉
get along/on with与某人相处；某事进展(如何)
(教材原句)I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.
我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。
get in 插话；收获；进入
get it 明白；理解
get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会
get away from 离开；脱身
get about/around (消息)传开
get down to(doing)sth.认真做某事；开始着手做某事
get over渡过；痊愈；恢复
get through穿越；通过(考试)；联络上
get around/round/about 出行，走动；传开
(1)As we all know，our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.我们大家都知道，当我们需要帮助时我们的朋友会帮我们一把，他们帮我们渡过难关。
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空：
①News soon got round/around/about that he had resigned.
②No matter how I explain，I just can't get it across to her.
③They got over many difficulties in their English study.
④—How are you getting along/on with your study?
—Quite well.I got an “A” in a math exam.

While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
句中 while walking the dog 是一个省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。
(1)省略句的条件
①when，while，before，after，unless，if，as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词
(2)省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语和be动词
(1)He is a man of few words.He never speaks unless (he is) spoken to.他是一个沉默寡言的人，除非别人同他说话，否则他从不说话。
(2)Although (he was) against my opinion，the old professor didn't come up with his own.
虽然老教授不同意我的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。
(3)单句语法填空
①The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried (carry) out regularly，can improve our health.
②—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order as told (tell)．
(4)写作能力提升
①Whenever I am informed of a party，I feel excited.(改为省略句)
→Whenever informed of a party，I feel excited.
②The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.(补全句中的省略成分)
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a bit.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)One day after school，while exploring(explore)the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs.
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
before conj.引导时间状语从句，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“还没来得及……就……；在……之前”
(2)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”
(3)强调动作发生的时间长，意为“过了(多久)才……”
(4)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”
(5)在“It＋be＋not＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”
(1)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.
归还我丢失钱包的年轻夫妇，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经离开了。
(2)John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
(3)He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work.
他被告知他至少还需要3个月才能恢复并重返工作岗位。
(4)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Don't forget to take an umbrella before you leave.在……之前
②It was not long before he became used to the life there.(不久)就……
③Lock your bike before it gets stolen.以免……
④It was a long time before I got to sleep again.……才……
⑤You'd better write down her phone number before you forget it.趁……

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All of his partners (伙伴)helped him through the hard time.
2．Like most teenagers (青少年)，I am crazy about football and rock music.
3．Father sometimes goes to the gym with us although he dislikes (不喜欢)going there.
4．At first I disagreed (不同意)with his suggestion，but later I changed my mind and agreed.
5．After staying in hospital for a month he is recovering (康复)from a heart attack.
6．Since Li Ming settled (定居)here，he has got along well with his neighbours.
7．The sea is calm(平静的)and clear today，so we should go for a long walk on the beach.
8．Children should spend more time taking exercise outdoors (在户外)and less time watching TV at home.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Concerned English self-learning experience，I've got lots of interesting stories to share with you all.Concerned→Concerning
2．His carelessness made our company suffer from great loss.去掉from
3．It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.when→that
4．It was raining cats and dogs，thus added to their difficulty in transporting the supplies to the earthquake-stricken areas.added→adding
5．There is a chance that Bill will recover his injury in time for the race.recover后加from
6．He spoke calm to them trying to pour oil on troubled waters but it was useless.calm→calmly
7．I was very grateful to Anna for giving me the opportunity to join in the club.去掉in
8．I wanted to have a word with her，but she ignores me and went away.ignores→ignored
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
A best friend is someone 1.who(m) you can tell everything to，even your most 2.personal(person) feelings and thoughts. Anne Frank treated her diary 3.as her best friend. The German Nazis were in search of Anne and her family. The family had to hide away from the chase. They didn’t dare to go out even in the evenings. They had to stay 4.indoors(indoor) day and night. Not 5.being(be) able to go out for such a long time, Anne missed the beauty of nature so much that she 6.grew(grow) crazy about everything to do with 7.it.She stayed up until eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see 8.the moonlight. She said，“This is the first time I have seen the moonlight 9.since I came here.”
10.Unfortunately(fortunate), the family were discovered at last and taken away from the hiding place.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Dear Miss Wang，
I was having some trouble in my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well a boy in my class. We often do homework together and you enjoy help each other. We have became really good friend. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angrily. Although I don’t want to end the friendship，but I hate others gossiping. How should I do?
Yours，
Lisa
答案：
Dear Miss Wang，
I having some trouble my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well a boy in my class. We often do homework together and enjoy each other. We have really good . But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me . Although　 I don’t want to end the friendship，but I hate others gossiping.(或Although I don’t want to end the friendship， but I hate others gossiping.) should I do?
Yours，
Lisa
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．要想拥有朋友，你必须做一个诚实的人。
2．首先最好加入些俱乐部并多参加活动以结识陌生人。
3．其次，一旦你有了朋友，要学会去关心他们。
4．在任何时候不要忽视他们。
5．最后但同样重要的是，要和他们好好相处，并经常和他们交流。
In order to have friends，you have got to be an honest person.First，you’d better join some clubs and join in some activities to meet new people.Second，once you have friends，try to be concerned about them.Don’t ignore them at any time.Last but not least，you should get along well with them and often communicate with them.