(译林版)2020版高考英语一轮习第1部分：语言知识 必修5 Unit 2　能力提升题组训练（B）(含解析)

www.ks5u.com能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018高考命题专家原创卷三)

In the fight to conserve tropical rainforests,here’s a tool you don’t often hear about:orange peels.Specifically,12,000 tons of them,dumped (倾倒) on the land.“You don’t usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits,something that’s good for the environment.”

Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University,and he’s talking about a unique conservation story.It started in the early 1990s,when an orange juice producer called Del Oro set up a company near the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica,a region that contains several national parks and a wildlife protection zone.

Del Oro needed somewhere to dump the orange peels,and the company also owned forested land next to the parkland that it had no intention of growing crops on.So a deal was struck:if Del Oro donated its forested land,it could dump orange peel waste on degraded (退化的) land within the conservation area.Then a thousand dump trucks’ worth of orange peels were lying on the land in 1998.“And within about six months the orange peels had been turned from orange peels into this thick black rich soil.”

“I couldn’t even find the site the first time I saw it.”He couldn’t find it because,over 16 years,the orange peel waste had sent the land on a journey to become a vine-choked jungle,with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot,richer soil and a much thicker covering.In other words,the experiment was a success.The results appear in the journal Restoration Ecology.

Treuer says perhaps this lesson could be applied elsewhere.“It’s a shame that we live in a world with nutrient-limited degraded ecosystems and also nutrient-rich waste streams.We’d like to see those things come together a little bit.That’s not a license for any agricultural company to just start dumping their waste products on protected areas,but it does mean that land managers,people involved with industrial-scale agricultural operations should start thinking about ways to do thoughtful experimentation to see if in their particular system they can have similar win-win-win results.”

1.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Waste treatment.          B.A conservation story.

C.An orange juice company.  D.The biodiversity benefit.

2.What does the author say about orange peels?

A.They are particularly hard to break down. 

B.They can change the color of the land soil.

C.They are beneficial to biological diversity. 

D.They can gradually destroy the surface soil.

3.What do Treuer’s words in the last paragraph suggest?

A.Waste can be used for environmental protection.

B.No waste can be thrown randomly on the protected areas.

C.Large-scale agricultural operations start with experiments.

D.Land managers must be ready to take on their responsibility.

语篇解读:本文是说明文,主要介绍了倒在退化土地上的废弃橘子皮竟成了保护热带雨林生物多样性的工具。

答案及剖析:

1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University, and he’s talking about a unique conservation story.可知,It 指代的应是Tim Treuer要讲的有关生态保护的故事。

2.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的You don’t usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits,something that’s good for the environment.和第四段中的with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot,richer soil and a much thicker covering.可知,橘子皮对生物多样性是有益的。

3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Treuer所说的话,尤其是It’s a shame that we live in a world with nutrient-limited degraded ecosystems and also nutrient-rich waste streams.We’d like to see those things come together a little bit.可知,Treuer认为,我们生活在营养受限的、退化的生态系统中,同时却有许多营养成分丰富的、泛滥成灾的废弃物,我们想看到这些东西能一点点地整合利用起来。再结合文章的主旨可知,Treuer认为我们可以利用废弃物来保护环境。

B

Music is magic! Music speaks louder than words and it is a“language” that the whole world can understand.A piece of music can produce a response in the heart and mind.Like feeling an electrical current or receiving a personal radio signal,music has a spiritual effect on a person.Different kinds of music influence people in different ways.

I have listened to music all my life.When I was twelve years old,the Beatles came to America and my whole world opened up.Maybe young people today cannot understand the influence of the Beatles when they exploded across America.Their influence changed the way we dressed,looked,acted and spoke...even our culture.The Beatles arrived in America from the UK just three months after the assassination(暗杀) of President John Kennedy,which had put America into a great depression.And the freshness and lively spirit of the Beatles was exactly what the country needed to refresh itself.

Music links the heart of the hearer with that of the composer.This means that it mixes the spirit of the composer with your spirit when you listen to it.And the music can take your spirit out of your body and transport you into another world.Music has a great way of touching people.Music can make you laugh,cry or shout.It’s also a great source of inspiration.

Try this one day and notice what happens: make yourself a cup of tea,sit on your sofa and play one of your favorite songs.Close your eyes,and soon you’ll find yourself creating vivid mental images—matching the music that you are listening to.

4.Music has magical power because it 　　　. 

A.is a kind of language              B.can be played much louder than words

C.receives a personal radio signal  D.can influence a person’s spirit

5.What can we learn about the Beatles from the passage?

A.They were the biggest band in American history. 

B.They are not accepted by modern American people.

C.They appeared at a special time in American politics.

D.They represented the roots of American culture.

6.Music influences people in the following ways except 　　　. 

A.connecting the listener and the composer mentally 

B.transporting people from one place to another

C.allowing people to express their emotions 

D.touching and inspiring people

7.What does the writer suggest people do in the last paragraph?

A.Relax and listen to their favorite music. 

B.Enjoy drinking in spare time.

C.Create vivid pictures. 

D.Notice everything happening around.

语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述的是音乐的魔力,音乐比语言更为有力,会以不同的方式影响着人们。

答案及剖析:

4.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中A piece of music can produce a response in the heart and mind.Like feeling an electrical current or receiving a personal radio signal,music has a spiritual effect on a person.Different kinds of music influence people in different ways.可知,音乐会对人的身心产生影响,不同的音乐用不同的方式来影响人们,所以说音乐是有魔力的。

5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中The Beatles arrived in America from the UK just three months after the assassination(暗杀) of President John Kennedy,which had put America into a great depression.可知,披头士来美国的时候正值美国总统肯尼迪被暗杀三个月之后,美国当时正处在低落的情绪当中,故选C项。

6.B　细节理解题。第三段提到作曲家与听众精神相连(心意相同),还提到音乐可以激励人们,触动人的情感,由第三段倒数第二句可知,音乐允许人们表达情绪。只有B项没有提及。

7.A　细节理解题。文章最后一段作者提出建议:放松自己,欣赏自己最喜爱的音乐。

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2018郑州高三二模)

Like all big cities,Paris has a traffic problem:lots of cars,traffic jams and pollution from exhaust fumes (废气).So since 2007,the city 1.　　　　 (begin) a plan to improve the situation. 

Under the Velib scheme (公共自行车计划),people can take a bicycle,use it as long as they want,and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour is free,2.　　　　 if you don’t return it after 30 minutes,you have to pay.It’s only 1 a day or 29 a year.The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms,and they’re all grey and have 3.　　　　 (basket).There’re a large number of them in the city,and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations! 

Paris isn’t the first city 4.　　　　 (operate) a scheme like this.Not everybody thinks it’s a great idea.One Parisian (巴黎人) said,“These bicycles are only suitable 5.　　　　 short journeys.If people want to travel across the city,they won’t use a bicycle—they’ll still use their cars.” 

A city spokesman said,“The bicycle scheme won’t solve all our traffic problems, but it might work in 6.　　  　　 (reduce) air pollution.Traffic,together with factory fumes,7.　　　　 (be) a big problem.Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes—we know this is partly because rainforests are 8.　　　　 (gradual) disappearing.And it’s also because there’s so much pollution.There   aren’t any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities,but the bicycles might help people lead a healthier life.9.　   　　　 we do something now,there’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise,so the problems in our environment will get even 10.　　 　　 (bad).” 

答案及剖析:

1.has begun　考查时态。根据since 2007可知用现在完成时。

2.but　考查连词。前后为转折关系。

3.baskets　考查名词。根据they可知用复数。

4.to operate　考查非谓语动词。“the first + 名词/代词 + to do”为固定用法。

5.for　考查介词。be suitable for为固定搭配。

6.reducing　考查非谓语动词。介词后接v.-ing形式作宾语。

7.is　考查主谓一致和时态。Traffic为不可数名词,在句中作主语,此处描述的是客观情况。故用一般现在时的第三人称单数。

8.gradually　考查副词。此处副词作状语修饰动词disappearing。

9.Unless　考查连词。Unless“除非,如果不”符合语境。

10.worse　考查形容词。根据more和even可知用形容词的比较级。

Ⅲ.短文改错

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your offer of invite me to the summer English course in your school.As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer the four-weeks course for 60 hours of study.Because of this would allow me more time to do some travelling and make a few new friends either.Of all the subject I’m learning at school, I like English best.I had been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poorly.So I hope to take this chance to improve it.If possible, I’d like stay with a family for a couple of days in order to I can know some customs in England.I believe I will have a wonderful time this summer.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

　　答案:

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your offer of me to the summer English course in your school.As for choice between the two courses, I prefer the course for 60 hours of study.Because  of  this would allow me more time to do some travelling and make a few new friends .Of all the I’m learning at school, I like English best.I been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains .So I hope to take this chance to improve it.If possible, I’d like stay with a family for a couple of days in order I can know some customs in England.I believe I will have a wonderful time this summer.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

剖析:介词of后面要接动名词作宾语。

此处使用my和句子主语I保持一致。

此处是“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词,作定语修饰名词course,尽管数词是大于1的,但名词仍用单数形式。

连词because后面要接句子充当原因状语从句,而介词短语because of后面要接名词或名词短语作宾语。

副词too“也”,用于肯定句中表示“也”,either用于否定句中表示“也”。本句是一个肯定句,所以使用副词too。

名词subject“学科”是一个可数名词,其前有all修饰,故此处应用其复数形式。

原文中使用了过去完成时,表示过去的过去。实际上本文并没有“过去的过去”的含义,而表示到目前为止已经完成的事情,所以使用现在完成时。

remain为连系动词,此处作表语,故把poorly改为poor。

would like to do...“喜欢做某事。”

in order that...“为了……”后面跟从句充当目的状语。