【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题02 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters（知识讲解 高考必考题型练）-练习.zip

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核心单词讲解
1. injure vt. 伤害；使受伤；损害
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured伤员
get injured受伤
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
d sb.an injury/d an injury t sb. 伤害某人
2. reactin n. 反应
(1)in reactin t sth.对……作出反应
reactin t sb./sth.对……的反应
(2)react vi. 回应，作出反应；有不良反应； 起化学反应
react t sth.(by ding sth.) (通过做……)对……作出反应
react with sth.与……发生反应
(3)reactive adj. 反应的；有反应的；回应的
3. crash vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 n. 碰撞；碰撞声，破裂声；崩溃
(1)crash int... 撞上……
使……撞上……
crash thrugh撞穿
(2) a train/car crash火车/汽车撞车事故
a plane/an air crash飞机失事
4. signal vt.& vi.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志
(1)signal sb.t d sth. 示意某人做某事
(2)traffic signal lights 交通信号灯
a danger signal 危险信号
send ut a signal发送信号
5. cnfirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
(1)cnfirm ne’s pinin 证明某人的观点
cnfirm 使某人在……方面更坚定
It has been cnfirmed that 已确认
(2)cnfirmatinn.证实；确认
6. ccur vi. 发生，出现；存在于
sth. ccur(s) t sb. 某人突然想起某事
It ccurs t sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It ccurs t sb. t d sth. 某人想到要做某事
[名师指津]“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It ccurs/ccurred t sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
7. relief n. 宽慰，轻松，减轻，消除；救济
(1)t ne’s relief 令某人宽慰的是
in relief如释重负，松了口气
(2)relievevt.解除；减轻
relieve sb. f sth.帮助……减轻；替……拿重物
(3)relievedadj.感到宽慰的；放心的
8. infrm vt. 通知；了解，熟悉
(1)infrm sb. f sth. 通知/报告某人某事
infrm sb. that...通知某人……
keep sb. infrmed f...使某人随时了解……
(2)infrmatin n.信息；资料
9. shck n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤
(1)in shck 震惊地；处于休克状态
(2)shckedadj.惊愕的；震惊的
be shcked at/by对……感到震惊
(3)shckingadj.令人吃惊的；令人气愤的
10. scare vt .& vi. 惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
(1) 把……吓跑
(2)be scared t death 吓得要死
be scared f (ding) sth.害怕(做)某事
be scared t d sth.害怕做某事
(3)scaryadj.引起恐慌的
11. pwer n. 电，电力；能量；力量；能力；权力；政权；控制力
(1)be in pwer 执政(强调状态)
cme t pwer开始掌权/执政(强调动作)
have pwer ver... 对……有控制权，能支配
have the pwer t d sth. 有能力做某事
(2)pwerful adj.强大的；强有力的
12. run ut f 用完，耗尽
run ut 用完(主语为物，无被动语态)
run acrss穿越；偶然碰到
run after追逐；追求
run away跑掉；逃走；逃避
run int撞上；遇到
13. supply n. 补给品，补给；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给，提供
(1)supply sth. t sb.=supply sb. with sth.=prvide sb. with sth.=prvide sth. fr sb.=ffer sb. sth.=ffer sth. t sb.给某人提供某物
(2)supplies 补给品[pl.]
in shrt/limited supply供应不足
14. dnate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血)
(1)dnate sth. t sb./sth.将某物捐赠给某人/某物
(2)dnr n.捐赠者；献血者
dnatin n.捐赠物，捐赠，赠送
make a dnatin (f )(向……)捐赠(某物)
15. curius adj. 好奇的；奇特的
(1)be curius abut 对……感到好奇
be curius t d sth.渴望做某事
(2)curisity n. 好奇；好奇心
ut f curisity出于好奇
meet/satisfy ne’s curisity 满足某人的好奇心
with curisity好奇地
(3)curiuslyadv. 好奇地
16. fld n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
a fld f 大量的
fld in/int涌入
17. break ut (战争、瘟疫、灾害等)突然开始；爆发
break dwn 使分解(为)；(讨论、关系)失败，破裂
break ff中断；折断
break thrugh突破
break up打碎；解散，分手；放假
18. beynd adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
beynd belief 难以置信
beynd cmpare无与伦比
beynd cntrl无法控制
beynd descriptin/expressin/wrds难以描述/表达/言表
beynd dubt毋庸置疑
beynd repair无法修理
beynd recgnitin无法辨认
beynd ne’s pwer超出某人的能力
beynd ne’s reach够不着
19. distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
(1)in the distance 在远处
frm a distance 从远处
at a distance (f) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
(2)keep ne’s distance (frm)(与……)保持距离
keep sb.at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
(3)distantadj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
20. rescue n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救
(1)rescue sb. frm sth. 从……拯救某人
cme t ne’s rescue救援某人
(2)rescuern.救援者
21. lcate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
(1)be lcated in/n 坐落于；位于
(2)lcatinn.位置；场所
22. retire vi. & vt. 退休，退职
retire frm 从……退休(役)
retire 作为……从……退休
retired adj.已退休的
retirementn.退休，退役
23. erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生
erupt int 突然变为或者发展成(更坏的事情)
eruptin n. 喷发，爆发
24. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的
(1)have sharp eyes 有敏锐的视力
keep a sharp eye n sth.密切关注某事
(2)sharpen vt.磨快；使锐利
(3)sharply adv. 急剧地；严厉地；苛刻地
(4)sharpenern.卷笔刀
二、重点词块速记
1. at large 整个，全部
2. rll call 点名
3. safe and sund 安然无恙的
4. ccur t 被想到，浮现在脑中
5. keep ne’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
6. hld n t 抓紧，不放开
7. get prepared fr 为……做准备
8. in rder t 为了
9. t ne’s great relief 使某人大为宽慰的是
10. infrm sb. f sth. 告知某人某事
11. take the frm f 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
12. break ut突然开始，爆发
13. far and wide到处，各处
14. alng with和……一起，随同
15. in all directins朝着四面八方
16. abve all重要的是
17. separate frm分开
18. in the distance在远处
19. due t因为，由于
20. run ut f 用完，耗尽
三、重点句型剖析
1. Alice Brwn, head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl, was teaching when the flr began t shake.(be ) 弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。
2. At the same time, Miss Brwn quickly pened the classrm dr, in case it became damaged during the shaking and culd nt pen.(in case) 同时,布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。
3. The mment the shaking stpped, Miss Brwn sensed it was the best time fr the class t make their escape. (the mment...; it’s time fr sb.t d sth.) 地震一停止,布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班逃跑的最佳时机。
4. She signalled t her students t exit the classrm in an rderly line cvering their heads with their hands. (分词作伴随状语)她示意学生们用双手护着头,排好队,有序离开教室。
5. It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.(It ccurred t ) 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
6. At that mment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet. (feel复合结构)那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地在晃动。
7. This terrible natural disaster destryed Pmpeii cmpletely, but it als kept the ancient city as it was fr future ages. ( it was句型)这场骇人的自然灾难将庞贝城彻底摧毁,却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。
8. A mment later, the muntain-clud seemed t rll twards them, dark and rapid, like a river. (seem t d)
译文:过了一会儿,山上的云彩似乎向他们滚滚而来,阴沉迅猛,像一条河。
9. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday. (as if) 它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。
10. Its ashy rcks, nw dark, nw light, tld a stry f past eruptins that might have warned the city what was t cme! (be t d)火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事,这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们,灾难即将降临!
、
重点句型
be ding sth. when…
(教材原句)Alice Brwn, head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl, was teaching when the flr began t shake.弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。
归纳总结：when 的常用句式
be ding 正在做某事,这时突然……
be abut t d n the pint f ding 正要做某事,这时突然……
had just 刚做完……这时……
2.The mment…
(教材原句)The mment the shaking stpped, Miss Brwn sensed it was the best time fr the class t make their escape.地震一停止,布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班逃走的最佳时机。
归纳总结： “一……就……”的句型
n
the mment/the minute/the instant+从句
n+动名词/名词
instantly/directly/immediately
3. in case…
(教材原句)At the same time, Miss Brwn quickly pened the classrm dr, in case it became damaged during the shaking and culd nt pen. 同时,布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。
易混辨析：不一样的“万一”
in case 和in case f 意思相同,其区别是:in case是连词,后接句子;in case f是介词短语,后接名词(短语)、代词或动名词。
4.as if/ thugh…
(教材原句)In its frum, the half-finished clumns seemed as if just left by the wrkman’s hand.在集会的场所,有出自工匠之手而未完成的柱子。
易混辨析：as if/thugh的真实与虚拟
(1)as if从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时,从句用陈述语气。
(2)as if从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在时,从句用虚拟语气。
5.be t d…
(教材原句)Its ashy rcks, nw dark, nw light, tld a stry f past eruptins that might have warned the city what was t cme!火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事,这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们,灾难即将降临!
归纳总结：“be t d”结构面面观
“be t d”是一种表示将来的结构,主要有以下三方面的含义:
(1)表示注定要发生的或不可避免会发生的事情。
(2)表示按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事。
(3)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。
重点语法 (动词不定式作定语和结果状语)
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式由“t+动词原形”构成。这里的t是不定式标志,没有词义。
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。这类名词有chance,way,pprtunity,right(权利),dream,ambitin,time,
pwer,ability, attempt, prmise, wish, plan, decisin, tendency, failure等。
I am s busy that I have n time t infrm him f the incident in detail.我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。
【温馨提示】
(1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place,time,way后不定式的介词常省略。
The Brwns have a cmfrtable huse t live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
The ld man is lking fr a quiet place t live.那位老人正在找一个安静的地方住。
(2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。
Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete t win a gld medal in the Winter Olympics.杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,t be tld(被告知),make(使得),turn ut t be 等具有界限含义的动词。
He returned hme t learn his daughter had just been rescued.
他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。
I rushed t the statin nly t be tld that the train had already left.
我冲到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。
Dinsaurs have cmpletely died ut n the earth,never t be seen again.
恐龙已经从地球上灭绝,将永不被看到。
2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。
(1)nly t d结构表示意外的结果。
He wrked hard, nly t be infrmed that he was fired.
他努力工作,最终却被告知他被解雇了。
(2)结构。
The ld man was t pr t dnate a lt f mney t the flded area.
这个老人太穷了,不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。
(3) t...结构。
He was s curius abut the bx as t pen it withut permissin.
他对那个盒子太好奇了,未经允许就把它打开了。
(4)enugh t d结构。
The girl is nt ld enugh t g dwnstairs by herself.
这个女孩年龄不够大,不能自己下楼。
考点一、核心单词语法填空
Ⅰ单词拼写
1.The bks will be ________(供给) t the children f the disaster-stricken area.
2.The twn has changed ________(超出) recgnitin since I was here the last time.
3.The team will build a sftware t help the public cntribute t the wrk f this ________(慈善机构), which wrks amng the pr in Blivia.
4.Once yu knw the ________(模式) then it explains what these relatinships are abut.
5.I gave the pliceman a number t ring t ________(证实) the fact.
6.Did yu ________(发信号) t make a gesture r sund t send a message befre yu turned right?
7.The accident right ________(发生) befre ur unbelieving eyes.
8.We arrived at ur ________(目的地) by twelve, and each class went with their teacher t lunch.
9.In the end, the crew were ________(营救) by the helicpter safe and sund.
10.She interviewed six wmen wh have reached psitins f great ________(权力) and influence.
答案：1. supplied 2. beynd 3. charity 4. pattern 5. cnfirm
6. signal 7. ccurred 8. destinatin 9. rescued 10. pwer
Ⅱ单句语法填空
1.(2023下·高一课时练习)Her (dnate) was fr students wh clearly needed financial help.
【答案】dnatin
【详解】 考查名词。句意：她的捐款是给那些显然需要经济帮助的学生的。her是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，且dnatin此处为抽象概念，不可数，作主语。故填dnatin。
2.(2023上·四川成都·高一成都外国语学校校考阶段练习) (lcate) in the centre f Sichuan prvince, Chengdu is actually a basin.
【答案】Lcated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成都位于四川省中部，实际上是一个盆地。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Chengdu和lcate之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Lcated。
3.(2023上·江苏盐城·高一盐城市大丰区新丰中学校考阶段练习)The directr usually has actrs perfrm n (lcate).
【答案】lcatin
【详解】考查名词。句意：导演通常让演员在现场表演。分析句子可知，空处作介词n的宾语，应用名词lcatin，意为“外景拍摄地”，n lcatin是固定短语，意为“在(电影、电视等的拍摄)现场”。故填lcatin。
4.(2023上·广东佛山·高一统考学业考试)Each year, a large number f teens and yung adults get (injure) while playing sprts.
【答案】injured
【详解】考查形容词。句意：每年，大量的青少年和年轻人在运动时受伤。此处作表语，应用形容词injured“受伤的”。故填injured。
5.(2023上·高二课时练习)Little Tm went t the stadium in a hurry, nly (infrm) the game had been put ff.
【答案】t be infrmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小汤姆匆匆忙忙地去了体育场，结果却被告知比赛推迟了。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词went，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，此处表示“出乎意料的结果”，需用动词不定式，Little Tm和infrm为逻辑上的动宾关系，需填动词不定式的被动式。故填t be infrmed。
6.(2023下·高一课时练习)Hearing the news, my immediate (react) was ne f shck.
【答案】reactin
【详解】考查名词。句意：听到这个消息，我的第一反应是震惊。作主语，应用名词reactin，结合was可知为单数。故填reactin。
7.(2022上·云南保山·高一统考期中)I went t the library t cnsult bks, s that my (curius) culd be satisfied.
【答案】curisity
【详解】考查名词。句意：我去图书馆查阅书籍，以满足我的好奇心。curius”好奇的”，形容词，句中缺少主语，用名词作主语，curisity“好奇心”，是不可数名词。故填curisity。
8.(2023上·高一课时练习)Many were (retire) peple, and just a fifth were in their fifties.
【答案】retired
【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多人是退休人员，只有五分之一的人在50多岁。修饰名词peple应用形容词retired，作定语。故填retired。
9.(2023上·高二课时练习)Please keep a ne­meter (distant) frm each ther when yu are lining up fr the nucleic acid test.
【答案】distance
【详解】考查名词。句意：当你排队做核酸检测时，请与他人保持一米距离。ne-meter是复合形容词，形容词修饰名词，所以distant要变为名词形式。distant译为“遥远的”，名词是distance,译为“距离”，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填distance。
10.(2023上·高一课时练习)These measures can (relief) the pressure n pwer supply.
【答案】relieve
【详解】考查动词。句意：这些措施可以缓解电力供应的压力。提示词作谓语，在情态动词can后用动词原形，relief的动词形式是relieve，意为“缓解”。故填relieve。
11.(2023上·山东济南·高一山东省实验中学校考阶段练习)The (shck) news astnished the public, leading t great cncern abut children’s fd safety.
【答案】shcking
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这一令人震惊的消息震惊了公众，引起了人们对儿童食品安全的极大关注。名词news前用形容词修饰。修饰物，一般用-ing形式形容词，shcking意为“令人震惊的”。故填shcking。
12.(2023上·高一课时练习)It has been (cnfirm) that eating t much fat des harm t ur health.
【答案】cnfirmed
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：已经证实，吃太多的脂肪对我们的健康有害。it和cnfirm为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合“has been”可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，空处需填过去分词cnfirmed。故填cnfirmed。
13.(2023上·四川·高二校考期中)The driver was scrlling thrugh his smart phne when the crash (ccur) n the sharp bend.
【答案】ccurred
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在急转弯处发生车祸时，司机正在浏览他的智能手机。根据句意并句中的was scrlling可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填ccurred。
14.(2023上·高一课时练习)She was scared (g) int the yard because a big dg was in it.
【答案】t g
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她不敢进院子，因为里面有条大狗。根据句中谓语动词“was”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；固定短语be scared t d表示“害怕做某事”，be scared t g int the yard表示“害怕进院子”，符合句意。故填t g。
15.(2023上·高一课时练习)Thugh he had t crss the river，he was (scare) t crss the wden bridge.
【答案】scared
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然他必须过河，但他害怕过木桥。分析句子结构可知，此处要填形容词，在句中作表语，描述人的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词scared“恐惧的”。故填scared。
16.(2023下·高一课前预习)Cnditins are getting wrse and (supply) are running ut.
【答案】supplies
【详解】考查名词。句意：情况越来越糟，日用品也快用完了。此处使用名词作主语，需要的词义为“日用品”，supply应该变复数，故填supplies。
17.(2023上·山东济宁·高一嘉祥县第一中学校考阶段练习)they went t Munt Tai during the summer hliday, whse beauty was beynd (describe).
【答案】descriptin
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在暑假期间去了泰山，它的美丽是无法形容的。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，beynd descriptin表“无法描述”，为固定搭配。故填descriptin。
18.(2023上·四川·高二校考期中)At Hey Cat Cafe in Wuhan, the “emplyees” are all stray(流浪的) black cats, mst f whm (rescue) by caring peple several mnths ag.
【答案】were rescued
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在武汉的嘿Cat咖啡馆，“员工”都是流浪黑猫，大多数是几个月前被爱心人士救出来的。根据句中的时间状语several mnths ag可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语mst f whm表示复数，whm指代前面的stray black cats，所以谓语应用复数形式；且主语和rescue之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填were rescued。
19.(2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈尔滨三中校考期中) (sharp) up yur public speaking skills, s that yu can share yur bk with relevant audiences.
【答案】Sharpen
【详解】考查祈使句。句意：提高你的公共演讲技巧，这样你就可以和相关的听众分享你的书。分析句子可知，主句“(sharp) up yur public speaking skills”使用了祈使句式，用动词原形开头sharpen，意为“改善，提高”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Sharpen。
20.(2023下·高一课时练习)The wman mved (sharp) acrss the rm t blck his exit.
【答案】sharply
【详解】考查副词。句意：那个女人猛地穿过房间挡住了他的出口。空处应用副词，修饰动词mved。sharply意为“急剧地，迅疾而突然地”。故填sharply。
21.(2023上·重庆·高一四川外国语大学附属外国语学校校考阶段练习)The small village was recently visited by a serius vlcanic (erupt).
【答案】eruptin
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个小山村最近遭遇了一次严重的火山爆发。分析句子可知，形容词vlcanic(火山的)后接名词进行修饰，且前文中有不定冠词a修饰，由此判断，空处应使用erupt名词的单数形式。故填eruptin。
考点二、重点词块选词填空
选词填空(可适当改变形式)
1. A quarrel ________ between the husband and wife while they were having dinner.
2. This cmmunicatin effrt will ________ emails, verview presentatins, and end user training.
3. It is hped that the new plicy will be accepted by the public ________.
4. At the end f the trip, I had almst ________ the mney.
5. While pacing up and dwn the rm, a gd idea suddenly ________ him.
6. Please take a camera with yu just ________ yu see smething that makes a gd picture.
7. Can yu see the plane ________? It will disappear sn.
8. Did anyne ________ yu ________ the plans that had been changed?
9. Yu can depend n us that we will ________ yu ________ the best service.
10. She said she was all right, which made me sigh ________.
【答案】
1. brke ut 2. take the frm f 3. at large 4. run ut f 5. ccurred t
6. in case 7. in the distance 8. infrm; f 9. supply; with 10. in relief
考点三、重点句型完成句子
1. Yu had better take an umbrella when yu leave ________________.
你离开时最好带把伞,以防下雨。
2. The park was full f freshness and beauty f spring, ________________________________. (with复合结构)
公园充满了春天的清新与美丽,太阳高照鸟儿歌唱。
3. ________________________________ I had met him smewhere.(ccur)
我突然意识到我在哪见过他。
4. ________________________________, she set ut t clean the kitchen.(mment)
她一下班回来就着手打扫厨房。
5. I ________________________________ a driver kindly gave me a lift.(be )
我正往家走着,这时一位好心的司机让我搭个便车。
6. Mike lked arund ________________________________. (as if)
迈克环顾四周似乎在找人。
【答案】
1. in case it rains
2. with the sun shining and birds singing
3. It ccurred t me suddenly that
4. The mment she came back frm wrk
5. was walking hme when
6. as if lking fr smene
考点四、重点语法单句语法填空
1. A student has t climb a tree t study because the netwrk signal in his hme is nt strng enugh (cnnect) t his nline classes.
【答案】t cnnect
【详解】考查不定式作结果状语。句意：一名学生不得不爬上一棵树学习，因为家里的网络信号不够强，无法连接到他的在线课程。“be (nt)+形容词+enugh t d sth”，固定短语，意为“(不)足够……做某事”，不定式作结果状语。故填t cnnect。
2. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy (get) ff the grund.
【答案】t get
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法起飞。太……而不能……。根据句意，故填t get。
3. Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly (find) it didn’t fit.
【答案】t find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子试了一下，却发现不合身。nly+不定式，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处用不定式作结果状语，find和she之间是主动关系，用不定式的一般式即可。故填t find。
4. He hurried t the bking ffice, nly ( tell) that the tickets had been sld ut.
【答案】t be tld
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶往售票处，却被告知票已售罄。分析句子可知，设空处构成“nly+不定式”表示意外的结果，此处表示“被告知”，应使用不定式的被动式，故填t be tld。
5. Last summer hliday, I went back t my hmetwn, nly (find) the neighbrs and the huses that I used t be familiar with were gne.
【答案】t find
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：去年暑假，我回到家乡，却发现我曾经熟悉的邻居和房子都不见了。“nly t d”作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。故填t find。
6.(2023上·广东惠州·高一校考期中)I’ll find a way (imprve) n my wn.
【答案】t imprve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我会自己找到改进的方法。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词way，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way，way t d sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，故填t imprve。
7. They made n attempt (escape).
【答案】t escape
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他没有企图逃跑。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词made，横线处使用非谓语动词形式，且attempt是表示“企图”意义的名词，因此后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填t escape。
8. I have mre free time (d) ther things that I’m interested in after schl.
【答案】t d
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：放学后，我有更多的空闲时间做我感兴趣的其他事情。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作作后置定语，修饰time。故填t d。
9.(2023上·北京·高一北京育才学校校考阶段练习)Such warnings (keep) away frm fire shuld be taken seriusly.
【答案】t keep
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种远离火灾的警告应该认真对待。分析句子，句中shuld be taken为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填t keep。
10. There is an urgent need (finish) this prject by tmrrw.
【答案】t finish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迫切需要在明天之前完成这个项目。分析句子结构可知，本空填finish“完成”的不定式，作定语，修饰名词need。故填t finish。
能力提升
阅读理解
(2023上·河南·高一栾川县第一高级中学校联考阶段练习)HALIFAX, Nva Sctia — fficials in Canada’s Atlantic Cast prvince f Nva Sctia said Saturday a wildfire that frced thusands f peple t leave their hmes ver the past week is nw largely cntrlled because f rain.
David Steeves, a technician f frest resurces, said the fire in the Halifax area is abut 85% cntrlled, sits at 9.5 square kilmetre and is unlikely t grw thanks t the firefighting effrts and lng-awaited rain. The news was als gd acrss the prvince, where Premier Tim Hustn said the ttal number f active wildfires reduced frm 10 in the mrning t five by mid-afternn. “If yu step utside, yu will see smething beautiful, rain, and hpefully lts f it,” he tld an afternn briefing (简报).
The blaze that brke ut Sunday in the Halifax area raced thrugh a number f ther places, burning up abut 200 buildings — including 151 hmes — and frcing the evacuatin (疏散) f mre than 16,000 peple. Meanwhile, at the prvincial wildfire centre in Shubenacadie, nrth f Halifax, abut 20 Canadian Armed Frces sldiers std in the puring rain utside a light armred vehicle (装甲车). Lt. Cl. Michael Blanchette said the sldiers had arrived n a “fact-finding task” t see what supprt was needed in the effrt t fight the fires.
In Shelburne Cunty, meanwhile, 6,700 peple — abut half the city’s ppulatin — remained ut f their hmes as the blaze that frced their evacuatin cntinued t burn ut f cntrl.
Dave Rckwd, a spkesman fr the Department f Natural Resurees, said it remained t be seen that there wuld be n further grwth and that firefighters culd use mre direct ways t cntrl it. Tw ther fires which were cnsidered ut f cntrl n Saturday mrning were finally cntrled later in the day, he said.
1. What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A. Rain helps firefighting a lt.
B. Smething beautiful can be seen in the rain.
C. Nva Sctia’s fire was the largest recrded ne in histry.
D. The ttal number f active wildfires in Nva Sctia was 15.
2. What des the underlined wrd “blaze” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Rain.B. Finding.C. Task.D. Fire.
3. What is Rckwd’s attitude twards the wildfire?
A. Careful.B. Psitive.C. Angry.D. Frightened.
4. What is the text?
A. A research paper.B. A diary entry.C. A news reprt.D. A disaster survey.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的一场野火在过去一周迫使数千居民离开家园。由于降雨，目前火势已经基本得到控制。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“David Steeves, a technician f frest resurces, said the fire in the Halifax area is abut 85% cntrlled, sits at 9.5 square kilmetre and is unlikely t grw thanks t the firefighting effrts and lng-awaited rain. The news was als gd acrss the prvince, where Premier Tim Hustn said the ttal number f active wildfires reduced frm 10 in the mrning t five by mid-afternn. (森林资源的技术人员大卫·斯蒂夫斯说，哈利法克斯地区的火势已得到85%的控制，火势面积为9.5平方公里，由于灭火努力和期待已久的降雨，火势不太可能扩大。全省的情况也很好，省长蒂姆·休斯顿说，活跃的野火总数从上午的10起减少到下午的5起)”可推知，本段通过事实列举和引言强调雨水使得野火得到缓解，故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段的 “The blaze that brke ut Sunday in the Halifax area raced thrugh a number f ther places, burning up abut 200 buildings — including 151 hmes — and frcing the evacuatin (疏散) f mre than 16, 000 peple. (周日发生在哈利法克斯地区的大火席卷了其他一些地方，烧毁了大约200栋建筑——包括151栋住宅——并迫使16000多人撤离)” 和第四段“frced their evacuatin cntinued t burn ut f cntrl.(他们被迫撤离，火势继续失控)”可知，第三段划线词的含义为“野火”。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Dave Rckwd, a spkesman fr the Department f Natural Resurees, said it remained t be seen that there wuld be n further grwth and that firefighters culd use mre direct ways t cntrl it.(国家自然资源部发言人戴夫·洛克伍德表示，火势是否会进一步增长，消防员是否可以使用更直接的方法来控制火势，还有待观察)”可推知，洛克伍德对火势不会进一步蔓延持谨慎态度。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“HALIFAX, Nva Sctia — fficials in Canada’s Atlantic Cast prvince f Nva Sctia said Saturday a wildfire that frced thusands f peple t leave their hmes ver the past week is nw largely cntrlled because f rain.(新斯科舍省哈利法克斯——加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的官员周六表示，由于降雨，过去一周迫使数千人离开家园的野火现已基本得到控制)”、第二段的“he tld an afternn briefing(他在下午的新闻发布会上说)”可知，本文报道了加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的一场野火。由此推知，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C项。
二. 完形填空
(2023上·安徽淮北·高一淮北一中校考阶段练习)On 20 December, in Newdale, a series f huge waves caused by an undersea Earthquake raced acrss the cean near Gldshre. Wrse still, it 1 thusands dead. Gld shre Beach was the nly lcal beach t 2 the disaster withut any lss f life. A10-year-ld girl, Sabrina Andrn, helped arund100 peple escape danger with her 3 f tsunamis.
The day began like any ther n Gld shre Beach. Peple were walking, running r simply sitting n the sandy beach, 4 the warm sea air and enjying the sft 5 that brushed their hair. Sabrina was ne f the happy turists until she nticed smething 6 . “The water was like the bubbles (气泡) n the tp f a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn’t 7 and it wasn’t ging in and then ut. It was just cming in and in and in.” It hit her that these were the 8 f an upcming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt abut in a Gegraphy lessn.
Sabrina was 9 , but she sn kept her head. She warned her parents f the 10 , thugh at first they just thught she was 11 . Hwever, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 12 and kept asking her parents t talk t a safety fficer. T her great relief, the fficer 13 realized the cming danger. The beach was rapidly 14 f peple, just befre the huge waves 15 int the cast.
1. A. brughtB. leftC. affectedD. led
2. A. surviveB. recgnizeC. reviveD. quit
3. A. impressinB. knwledgeC. wisdmD. detail
4. A. taking inB. making upC. fcusing nD. checking ut
5. A. sunshineB. windC. whistleD. wave
6. A. uniqueB. pwerfulC. attractiveD. strange
7. A. narrwB. adventurusC. calmD. distant
8. A. damagesB. signsC. effectsD. results
9. A. cnfusedB. embarrassedC. frightenedD. annyed
10. A. stressB. develpmentC. creditD. danger
11. A. cheatingB. debatingC. jkingD. helping
12. A. under cntrlB. n handC. n scheduleD. n its way
13. A. actuallyB. anxiuslyC. curiuslyD. immediately
14. A. revivedB. warnedC. clearedD. reminded
15. A. crashedB. slidC. dividedD. tapped
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩Sabrina Andrn用自己的海啸知识帮助100多人逃离危险。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，它使数千人死亡。A. brught带来；B. left使……处于；C. affected影响；D. led导致。根据“thusands dead”可知，海啸让数千人死亡，leave sb.+adj为固定搭配，表示“让某人处于某种状态”。故选B。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：金岸海滩是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。A. survive幸存；B. recgnize识别；C. revive复苏；D. quit离开。根据“withut any lss f life”可知，Gldshre海滩的游客在灾难中幸存。故选A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：10岁的女孩Sabrina Andrn用她的海啸知识帮助了大约100人逃离危险。A. impressin印象；B. knwledge知识；C. wisdm智慧；D. detail细节。根据下文“which Sabrina had just learnt abut in a Gegraphy lessn.”可知，Sabrina Andrn用她的海啸知识帮助了大约100人逃离危险。故选B。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们在沙滩上散步、跑步，或者只是坐在沙滩上，呼吸着温暖的海风，享受着轻柔的微风拂过他们的头发。A. taking in吸收；B. making up组成；C. fcusing n专注于；D. checking ut检查。根据“the warm sea air”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sunshine阳光；B. wind风；C. whistle口哨；D. wave波浪。根据“that brushed their hair.”可知，沙滩上轻柔的微风吹拂着头发。故选B。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina是其中一个快乐的游客，直到她注意到一些奇怪的事情。A. unique独特的；B. pwerful强有力的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. strange奇怪的。根据““The water was like the bubbles (气泡) n the tp f a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn’t 7 and it wasn’t ging in and then ut. It was just cming in and in and in.””可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选D。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它并不平静，也没有进进出出。它只是不断地涌进来。A. narrw狭窄的；B. adventurus冒险的；C. calm冷静的；D. distant遥远的。根据“and it wasn’t ging in and then ut. It was just cming in and in and in.”可知，海水并不平静。故选C。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她突然意识到，这些都是即将到来的海啸的迹象，这是萨布丽娜刚刚在地理课上学到的。A. damages损害；B. signs迹象；C. effects影响；D. results结果。根据“which Sabrina had just learnt abut in a Gegraphy lessn.”可知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选B。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina很害怕，但很快就镇定了下来。A. cnfused困惑的；B. embarrassed感到尴尬的；C. frightened感到害怕的；D. annyed生气的。根据“but she sn kept her head.”可知，Sabrina知道海啸即将到来感到很害怕。故选C。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她警告她的父母有危险，虽然起初他们以为她只是在开玩笑。A. stress压力；B. develpment发展；C. credit信用；D. danger危险。根据“thugh at first they just thught she was ___11___ .”可知，Sabrina警告父母海啸来临的危险。故选D。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cheating欺骗；B. debating辩论；C. jking开玩笑；D. helping帮助。根据“Hwever, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 12 and kept asking her parents t talk t a safety fficer.”可知，父母以为Sabrina是开玩笑。故选C。
12. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，Sabrina确信一场可怕的灾难即将来临，并不断要求她的父母与安全官员交谈。A. under cntrl在控制中；B. n hand在手边；C. n schedule按预定时间；D. n its way即将来临。据“and kept asking her parents t talk t a safety fficer.”和“T her great relief, the fficer ___13___ realized the cming danger.”可知，Sabrina确信海啸即将来临。故选D。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，这个官员立刻意识到即将来临的危险。A. actually事实上；B. anxiusly焦虑地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. immediately立刻。根据“realized the cming danger.”可知，安全官员立刻意识到即海啸将来临的危险。故选D。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在巨浪冲击海岸之前，海滩上的人很快就被疏散了。A. revived复苏；B. warned警告；C. cleared清除；D. reminded提醒。根据“T her great relief, the fficer ___13___ realized the cming danger.”和常识可知，海啸即将来临，尽快清空海滩上的人们。故选C。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. crashed碰撞；B. slid滑动；C. divided分开；D. tapped轻拍。根据“the huge waves”可知，因为是海啸，所以是巨浪撞击海岸。故选A。目录
新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络
基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备
重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力
小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用
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